Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 VPU Protein Affects Sindbis Virus Glycoprotein Processing and Enhances Membrane Permeabilization

Carrasco, 1995, Modification of membrane permeability by animal viruses, Adv. Virus Res., 45, 61, 10.1016/S0065-3527(08)60058-5 Chen, 1993, Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpu protein induces degradation of CD4 in vitro: The cytoplasmic domain of CD4 contributes to Vpu sensitivity, J. Virol., 67, 3877, 10.1128/JVI.67.7.3877-3884.1993 Coady, 1998, Effects of Vpu expression on Xenopus oocyte membrane conductance, Virology, 244, 39, 10.1006/viro.1998.9087 Cohen, 1988, Identification of a protein encoded by the vpu gene of HIV-1, Nature, 334, 532, 10.1038/334532a0 Einfeld, 1996, Maturation and assembly of retroviral glycoproteins, Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 214, 133 Ewart, 1996, The Vpu protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 forms cation-selective ion channels, J. Virol., 70, 7108, 10.1128/JVI.70.10.7108-7115.1996 Friborg, 1995, Functional analysis of the phosphorylation sites on the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpu protein, J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol., 8, 10, 10.1097/00042560-199501000-00004 Gaedigk-Nitschko, 1990, Site-directed mutations in the Sindbis virus 6K protein reveal sites for fatty acylation and the underacylated protein affects virus release and virion structure, Virology, 175, 282, 10.1016/0042-6822(90)90210-I Gaedigk-Nitschko, 1990, The Sindbis virus 6K protein can be detected in virions and is acylated with fatty acids, Virology, 175, 274, 10.1016/0042-6822(90)90209-A González, 1998, The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpu protein enhances membrane permeability, Biochemistry, 37, 13710, 10.1021/bi981527f Göttlinger, 1993, Vpu protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enhances the release of capsids produced by gag gene constructs of widely divergent retroviruses, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90, 7381, 10.1073/pnas.90.15.7381 Hahn, 1984, Molecular cloning and characterization of the HTLV-III virus associated with AIDS, Nature, 312, 166, 10.1038/312166a0 Hahn, 1992, Infectious Sindbis virus transient expression vectors for studying antigen processing and presentation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89, 2679, 10.1073/pnas.89.7.2679 Iwatani, 1997, Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpu modifies viral cytopathic effect through augmented virus release, J. Gen. Virol., 78, 841, 10.1099/0022-1317-78-4-841 Kerkau, 1997, The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vpu protein interferes with an early step in the biosynthesis of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, J. Exp. Med., 185, 1295, 10.1084/jem.185.7.1295 Kimura, 1994, Intracellular membrane traffic of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoproteins: Vpu liberates Golgi-targeted gp160 from CD4-dependent retention in the endoplasmic reticulum, J. Biochem., 115, 1010, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a124414 Klimkait, 1990, The human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific protein vpu is required for efficient virus maturation and release, J. Virol., 64, 621, 10.1128/JVI.64.2.621-629.1990 Lenburg, 1993, Vpu-induced degradation of CD4: Requirement for specific amino acid residues in the cytoplasmic domain of CD4, J. Virol., 67, 7238, 10.1128/JVI.67.12.7238-7245.1993 Liljeström, 1991, In vitro mutagenesis of a full-length cDNA clone of Semliki Forest virus: The small 6.000-molecular-weight membrane protein modulates virus release, J. Virol., 65, 4107, 10.1128/JVI.65.8.4107-4113.1991 Maldarelli, 1993, Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpu protein is an oligomeric type I integral membrane protein, J. Virol., 67, 5056, 10.1128/JVI.67.8.5056-5061.1993 Marassi, 1999, Correlation of the structural and functional domains in the membrane protein Vpu from HIV-1, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 14336, 10.1073/pnas.96.25.14336 Moore, 1998, Simulation of the HIV-1 Vpu transmembrane domain as a pentameric bundle, FEBS Lett., 431, 143, 10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00714-5 Muñoz, 1985, Modification of membrane permeability during Semliki Forest virus infection, Virology, 146, 203, 10.1016/0042-6822(85)90004-2 Paul, 1998, Mutational analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpu transmembrane domain that promotes the enhanced release of virus-like particles from the plasma membrane of mammalian cells, J. Virol., 72, 1270, 10.1128/JVI.72.2.1270-1279.1998 Paul, 1993, Expression of HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins by Semliki Forest virus vectors, AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 9, 963, 10.1089/aid.1993.9.963 Raja, 1996, The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpu protein tethered to the CD4 extracellular domain is localized to the plasma membrane and is biologically active in the secretory pathway of mammalian cells: Implications for the mechanisms of Vpu function, Virology, 220, 141, 10.1006/viro.1996.0294 Sakaguchi, 1996, The ion channel activity of the influenza virus M2 protein affects transport though the Golgi apparatus, J. Cell Biol., 133, 733, 10.1083/jcb.133.4.733 Sanz, M. A. 1998, Caracterización funcional de la proteı́na 6K de Alfavirus. El virus Sindbis como vector de expresión. Ph.D. Thesis, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid. Sanz, 1994, Semliki Forest virus 6K protein modifies membrane permeability after inducible expression in Escherichia coli cells, J. Biol. Chem., 269, 12106, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)32687-X Schlesinger, 1993, An in-frame insertion into the Sindbis virus 6K gene leads to defective proteolytic processing of the virus glycoproteins, a trans-dominant negative inhibition of normal virus formation, and interference in virus shut off of host-cell protein synthesis, Virology, 193, 424, 10.1006/viro.1993.1139 Schubert, 1996, Identification of an ion channel activity of the Vpu transmembrane domain and its involvement in the regulation of virus release from HIV-1-infected cells, FEBS Lett., 398, 12, 10.1016/S0014-5793(96)01146-5 Schubert, 1992, Human-immunodeficiency-virus-type-1-encoded Vpu protein is phosphorylated by casein kinase II, Eur. J. Biochem., 204, 875, 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb16707.x Strauss, 1994, The alphaviruses: Gene expression, replication, and evolution, Microbiol. Rev., 58, 491, 10.1128/MR.58.3.491-562.1994 Strebel, 1988, A novel gene of HIV-1, vpu, and its 16-kilodalton product, Science, 241, 1221, 10.1126/science.3261888 Vincent, 1995, The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpu protein: A potential regulator of proteolysis and protein transport in the mammalian secretory pathway, Virology, 213, 639, 10.1006/viro.1995.0035 Willbold, 1997, Secondary structure and tertiary fold of the human immunodeficiency virus protein U (Vpu) cytoplasmic domain in solution, Eur. J. Biochem., 245, 581, 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.t01-1-00581.x Willey, 1992, Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpu protein regulates the formation of intracellular gp160-CD4 complexes, J. Virol., 66, 226, 10.1128/JVI.66.1.226-234.1992 Willey, 1992, Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpu protein induces rapid degradation of CD4, J. Virol., 66, 7193, 10.1128/JVI.66.12.7193-7200.1992 Yao, 1996, Interactions between PE2, E1, and 6K required for assembly of alphaviruses studied with chimeric viruses, J. Virol., 70, 7910, 10.1128/JVI.70.11.7910-7920.1996