Bioconversion of limonene to increased concentrations of perillic acid by Pseudomonas putida GS1 in a fed-batch reactor

Pseudomonas putida GS1 is able to convert limonene to perillic acid (up to 64 mM,(11 g/l) when the bacteria is cultivated in fed-batch culture with non-limiting amounts of glycerol, ammonium, and limonene. P. putida GS1 can use p-cymene as a single source of carbon and energy, and the enzymes that are responsible for the conversion of limonene to perillic acid belong to the degradation pathway of p-cymene. The p-cymene pathway of P. putida GS1 is very similar, if not identical, to the cym pathway of P. putida F1. The latter strain, and a recombinant Escherichia coli strain that carried the genes of the cym pathway of P. putida F1, also converted limonene to perillic acid. However, the final concentrations that were obtained in batch cultures with these two strains were lower than those obtained with P. putida GS1.