Automatic sources of aggression

Aggression and Violent Behavior - Tập 7 - Trang 53-68 - 2002
Alexander Todorov1, John A. Bargh1
1Department of Psychology, New York University, 7th Floor, 6 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA

Tài liệu tham khảo

Anderson, 1998, Does the gun pull the trigger? Automatic priming effects of weapon pictures and weapons names, Psychological Science, 9, 308, 10.1111/1467-9280.00061 Bargh, 1989, Conditional automaticity: varieties of automatic influence in social perception and cognition, 3 Bargh, 1990, Auto-motives: preconscious determinants of social interaction, vol. 2, 93 Bargh, 1992, Does subliminality matter to social psychology? Awareness of the stimulus versus awareness of its influence, 236 Bargh, 1994, The four horsemen of automaticity: awareness, efficiency, intention, and control in social cognition, 1 Bargh, 1997, The automaticity of everyday life, vol. 10, 1 Bargh, 1996, Automaticity in action: the unconscious as repository of chronic goals and motives, 457 Bargh, 1986, The additive nature of chronic and temporary sources of construct accessibility, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 869, 10.1037/0022-3514.50.5.869 Bargh, 1996, The automatic evaluation effect: unconditional automatic attitude activation with a pronunciation task, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 32, 185, 10.1006/jesp.1996.0005 Bargh, 1999, The unbearable automaticity of being, American Psychologist, 54, 462, 10.1037/0003-066X.54.7.462 Bargh, 2000, Studying the mind in the middle: a practical guide to priming and automaticity research, 253 Bargh, 1996, Automaticity of social behavior: direct effects of trait construct and stereotype priming on action, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 230, 10.1037/0022-3514.71.2.230 Bargh, J. A., & Ferguson, M. L. (in press). Beyond behaviorism: on the automaticity of higher mental processes. Psychological Bulletin. Bargh, 1982, Automatic information processing and social perception: the influence of trait information presented outside of conscious awareness on impression formation, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 437, 10.1037/0022-3514.43.3.437 Bargh, 1986, Individual construct accessibility and perceptual selection, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 22, 293, 10.1016/0022-1031(86)90016-8 Bargh, 1995, Attractiveness of the underling: an automatic power→sex association and its consequences for sexual harassment and aggression, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 768, 10.1037/0022-3514.68.5.768 Bargh, 1985, Individual construct accessibility, person memory, and the recall–judgment link: the case of information overload, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 1129, 10.1037/0022-3514.49.5.1129 Berkowitz, 1984, Some effects of thoughts on anti- and prosocial influences of media events: a cognitive-neoassociation analysis, Psychological Bulletin, 95, 410, 10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.410 Berkowitz, 1989, Frustration–aggression hypothesis: examination and reformulation, Psychological Bulletin, 106, 59, 10.1037/0033-2909.106.1.59 Berkowitz, 1997, Some thoughts extending Bargh's argument, vol. 10, 83 Berkowitz, 1967, Weapons as aggression-elicit stimuli, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 7, 202, 10.1037/h0025008 Bruner, 1957, On perceptual readiness, Psychological Review, 64, 123, 10.1037/h0043805 Carlson, 1990, Effects of situational aggression cues, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 622, 10.1037/0022-3514.58.4.622 Carver, 1983, Modeling: an analysis in terms of category accessibility, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 19, 403, 10.1016/0022-1031(83)90019-7 1999 Chartland, T. L. (1999). The self-evaluative consequences of non-conscious goal pursuit. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. New York University. Chartrand, 1996, Automatic activation of impression formation and memorization goals: nonconscious goal priming reproduces effects of explicit task instructions, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 464, 10.1037/0022-3514.71.3.464 Chen, 1997, Nonconscious behavioral confirmation processes: the self-fulfilling consequences of automatic stereotype activation, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 33, 541, 10.1006/jesp.1997.1329 Chen, 1999, Consequences of automatic evaluation: immediate behavioral predispositions to approach or avoid the stimulus, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 215, 10.1177/0146167299025002007 Devine, 1989, Stereotypes and prejudice: their automatic and controlled components, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 680, 10.1037/0022-3514.56.5.680 Dodge, 1980, Social cognition and children's aggressive behavior, Child Development, 51, 162, 10.2307/1129603 Dodge, 1990, Social information-processing bases of aggressive behavior in children, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 16, 8, 10.1177/0146167290161002 Dodge, 1990, Hostile attributional biases in severely aggressive adolescents, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99, 385, 10.1037/0021-843X.99.4.385 Dodge, 1987, Utilization of self-schemas as a mechanism of attributional bias in aggressive children, Social Cognition, 5, 280, 10.1521/soco.1987.5.3.280 Dollard, 1939 Erdley, 1988, Cognitive and affective components of automatic priming effects, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 741, 10.1037/0022-3514.54.5.741 Fazio, 1986, On the automatic activation of attitudes, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 229, 10.1037/0022-3514.50.2.229 Fitzgerald, 1993, Sexual harassment: violence against women in the workplace, American Psychologist, 48, 1070, 10.1037/0003-066X.48.10.1070 Greenwald, 1995, Implicit social cognition: attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes, Psychological Review, 102, 4, 10.1037/0033-295X.102.1.4 Hayes-Roth, 1977, Evolution of cognitive structure and process, Psychological Review, 84, 260, 10.1037/0033-295X.84.3.260 Higgins, 1996, Knowledge activation: accessibility, applicability, and salience, 133 Higgins, 1982, Individual construct accessibility and subjective impressions and recall, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 35, 10.1037/0022-3514.43.1.35 Higgins, 1977, Category accessibility and impression formation, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 13, 141, 10.1016/S0022-1031(77)80007-3 Jones, 1972, The actor and the observer: divergent perceptions of the causes of behavior, 79 Kelley, 1955 Locke, 1990 Milgram, 1974 Mischel, 1973, Toward a cognitive social learning reconceptualization of personality, Psychological Review, 80, 252, 10.1037/h0035002 Mischel, 1996, Goal-directed self-regulation, 329 Neely, 1977, Semantic priming and retrieval from lexical memory: roles of inhibitionless spreading activation and limited-capacity attention, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 106, 226, 10.1037/0096-3445.106.3.226 Nisbett, 1977, Telling more than we can know: verbal reports on mental processes, Psychological Review, 84, 231, 10.1037/0033-295X.84.3.231 Page, 1971, The elusive weapon effect: demand awareness, evaluation apprehension, and slightly sophisticated subjects, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 20, 591, 10.1037/h0031806 Ross, 1991 Sedikides, 1991, The law of cognitive structure activation, Psychological Inquiry, 2, 169, 10.1207/s15327965pli0202_18 Shiffrin, 1977, Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending, and a general theory, Psychological Review, 84, 127, 10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.127 Srull, 1979, The role of category accessibility in the interpretation of information about persons: some determinants and implications, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1660, 10.1037/0022-3514.37.10.1660 Srull, 1980, Category accessibility and social perception: some implications for the study of person memory and interpersonal judgments, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 841, 10.1037/0022-3514.38.6.841 Trope, 1986, Identification and inferential processes in dispositional attribution, Psychological Review, 93, 239, 10.1037/0033-295X.93.3.239 Tulving, 1973, Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory, Psychological Review, 80, 352, 10.1037/h0020071 Uleman, 1989 Uleman, 1996, People as flexible interpreters: evidence and issues from spontaneous trait inferences, vol. 28, 211 Wegner, 1998, Control and automaticity in social life, 446 Wilson, 1994, Mental contamination and mental correction: unwanted influences on judgments and evaluations, Psychological Bulletin, 116, 117, 10.1037/0033-2909.116.1.117 Winter, 1984, When are social judgments made? Evidence for the spontaneousness of trait inferences, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 237, 10.1037/0022-3514.47.2.237 Zelli, 1996, Behavioral experience and social inference: individual differences in aggressive experience and spontaneous versus deliberate trait inference, Social Cognition, 14, 165, 10.1521/soco.1996.14.2.165 Zelli, 1995, Social inference and individual differences in aggression: evidence for spontaneous judgments of hostility, Aggressive Behavior, 21, 405, 10.1002/1098-2337(1995)21:6<405::AID-AB2480210602>3.0.CO;2-N