Possible displacement of the climate signal in ancient ice by premelting and anomalous diffusion
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Dansgaard, W. et al. Evidence for general instability of past climate from a 250-kyr ice-core record. Nature 364, 218–220 (1993).
Petit, J. R. et al. Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica. Nature 399, 429–436 (1999).
Alley, R. B. Ice-core evidence of abrupt climate changes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97, 1331–1334 (2000).
Dash, J. G., Fu, H. Y. & Wettlaufer, J. S. The premelting of ice and its environmental consequences. Rep. Prog. Phys. 58, 115–167 (1995).
Wettlaufer, J. S. Ice surfaces: Macroscopic effects of microscopic structure. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 357, 3403–3425 (1999).
Wolff, E. W. in Chemical Exchange Between the Atmosphere and Polar Ice (eds Wolff, E. W. & Bales, R. C.) 541–560 (NATO ASI Series I, Vol. 43, Springer, Berlin, 1996).
Ramseier, R. O. Self-diffusion of tritium in natural and synthetic ice monocrystals. J. Appl. Phys. 38, 2553–2556 (1967).
Nye, J. F. in Physics and Chemistry of Ice (eds Maeno, N. & Hondoh, T.) 200–205 (Hokkaido Univ. Press, 1992).
Mader, H. M. Observations of the water-vein system in polycrystalline ice. J. Glac. 38, 333–347 (1992).
Johnsen, S. J. et al. in Ice Physics and the Natural Environment (eds Wettlaufer, J. S., Dash, J. G. & Untersteiner, N.) 89–107 (NATO ASI Series I, Vol. 56, Springer, Berlin, 1999).
Gundestrup, N. S., Dahl-Jensen, D., Johnsen, S. J. & Rossi, A. Bore-hole survey at dome GRIP—1991. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 21, 399–402 (1993).
Cuffey, K. M. et al. Large Arctic temperature-change at the Wisconsin–Holocene glacial transition. Science 270, 455–458 (1995).
Weast, R. C. (ed.) CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 68th edn, D219–D269 (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1987).
Mulvaney, R., Wolff, E. W. & Oates, K. Sulphuric acid at grain-boundaries in Antarctic ice. Nature 331, 247–249 (1988).
Fukazawa, H., Sugiyama, K., Mae, S. J., Narita, H. & Hondoh, T. Acid ions at triple junction of Antarctic ice observed by Raman scattering. Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 2845–2848 (1998).
Wood, S. E. & Battino, R. Thermodynamics of Chemical Systems (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1990).
Gross, G. W., Chen-ho, W., Bryant, L. & McKee, C. Concentration dependent solute redistribution at the ice/water phase boundary. II. Experimental investigation. J. Chem. Phys. 62, 3085–3092 (1975).
Thorsteinsson, T., Kipfstuhl, J., Eicken, H., Johnsen, S. J. & Fuhrer, K. Crystal size variations in Eemian-age ice from the GRIP ice core, central Greenland. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 131, 381–394 (1995).
Steffensen, J. P., Clausen, H. B., Hammer, C. U., Legrand, M. & De Angelis, M. The chemical composition of cold events within the Eemian section of the Greenland Ice Core Project ice core from Summit. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 26747–26754 (1997).
Zielinski, G. A. Use of paleo-records in determining variability within the volcanism-climate system. Quat. Sci. Rev. 19, 417–438 (2000).
Smith, C. S. Grains, phases and interfaces: An introduction to microstructure. Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME 175, 15–51 (1948).
Ohtomo, M. & Wakahama, G. Growth-rate of recrystallization in ice. J. Phys. Chem. 87, 4139–4142 (1983).
Dansgaard, W. & Johnsen, S. J. A flow model and a time scale for the ice core from Camp Century, Greenland. J. Glac. 8, 215–223 (1969).
Cuffey, K. M. & Clow, G. D. Temperature, accumulation, and ice sheet elevation in central Greenland through the last deglacial transition. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 26383–26396 (1997).
Thorsteinsson, T., Kipfstuhl, J. & Miller, H. Textures and fabrics in the GRIP ice core. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 26583–26599 (1997).