Germinal Center Dynamics Revealed by Multiphoton Microscopy with a Photoactivatable Fluorescent Reporter

Cell - Tập 143 Số 4 - Trang 592-605 - 2010
Gabriel D. Victora1,2, Tanja A. Schwickert1, David Fooksman2, Alice O. Kamphorst1, Michael Meyer‐Hermann3, Michael L. Dustin2, Michel C. Nussenzweig4,1
1Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
2Martin and Helen Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
3Department Systems Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, Braunschweig D-38124, Germany
4Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Allen, 2004, Germinal center dark and light zone organization is mediated by CXCR4 and CXCR5, Nat. Immunol., 5, 943, 10.1038/ni1100

Allen, 2007, Germinal-center organization and cellular dynamics, Immunity, 27, 190, 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.07.009

Allen, 2007, Imaging of germinal center selection events during affinity maturation, Science, 315, 528, 10.1126/science.1136736

Allen, 1988, Antibody engineering for the analysis of affinity maturation of an anti-hapten response, EMBO J., 7, 1995, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03038.x

Basso, 2004, Tracking CD40 signaling during germinal center development, Blood, 104, 4088, 10.1182/blood-2003-12-4291

Batista, 2001, B cells acquire antigen from target cells after synapse formation, Nature, 411, 489, 10.1038/35078099

Boscardin, 2006, Antigen targeting to dendritic cells elicits long-lived T cell help for antibody responses, J. Exp. Med., 203, 599, 10.1084/jem.20051639

Brink, 2008, Visualizing the effects of antigen affinity on T-dependent B-cell differentiation, Immunol. Cell Biol., 86, 31, 10.1038/sj.icb.7100143

Corish, 1999, Attenuation of green fluorescent protein half-life in mammalian cells, Protein Eng., 12, 1035, 10.1093/protein/12.12.1035

Delbos, 2005, Contribution of DNA polymerase eta to immunoglobulin gene hypermutation in the mouse, J. Exp. Med., 201, 1191, 10.1084/jem.20050292

Depoil, 2005, Immunological synapses are versatile structures enabling selective T cell polarization, Immunity, 22, 185, 10.1016/j.immuni.2004.12.010

Eisen, 1964, Variations in affinities of antibodies during the immune response, Biochemistry, 3, 996, 10.1021/bi00895a027

Figge, 2008, Deriving a germinal center lymphocyte migration model from two-photon data, J. Exp. Med., 205, 3019, 10.1084/jem.20081160

Fooksman, 2010, Development and migration of plasma cells in the mouse lymph node, Immunity, 33, 118, 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.06.015

Germain, 2006, Dynamic imaging of the immune system: progress, pitfalls and promise, Nat. Rev. Immunol., 6, 497, 10.1038/nri1884

Goidl, 1968, The effect of antigen dose and time after immunization on the amount and affinity of anti-hapten antibody, J. Immunol., 100, 371, 10.4049/jimmunol.100.2.371

Guo, 2000, A monoclonal antibody to the DEC-205 endocytosis receptor on human dendritic cells, Hum. Immunol., 61, 729, 10.1016/S0198-8859(00)00144-0

Han, 1995, Cellular interaction in germinal centers. Roles of CD40 ligand and B7-2 in established germinal centers, J. Immunol., 155, 556, 10.4049/jimmunol.155.2.556

Han, 1995, In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl. IV. Affinity-dependent, antigen-driven B cell apoptosis in germinal centers as a mechanism for maintaining self-tolerance, J. Exp. Med., 182, 1635, 10.1084/jem.182.6.1635

Hauser, 2007, Definition of germinal-center B cell migration in vivo reveals predominant intrazonal circulation patterns, Immunity, 26, 655, 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.04.008

Hauser, 2007, In vivo imaging studies shed light on germinal-centre development, Nat. Rev. Immunol., 7, 499, 10.1038/nri2120

Högerkorp, 2006, The human CD77- B cell population represents a heterogeneous subset of cells comprising centroblasts, centrocytes, and plasmablasts, prompting phenotypical revision, J. Immunol., 177, 4341, 10.4049/jimmunol.177.7.4341

Huntington, 2006, CD45 links the B cell receptor with cell survival and is required for the persistence of germinal centers, Nat. Immunol., 7, 190, 10.1038/ni1292

Jiang, 1995, The receptor DEC-205 expressed by dendritic cells and thymic epithelial cells is involved in antigen processing, Nature, 375, 151, 10.1038/375151a0

Kamphorst, 2010, Route of antigen uptake differentially impacts presentation by dendritic cells and activated monocytes, J. Immunol., 185, 3426, 10.4049/jimmunol.1001205

Katz, 1970, Carrier function in anti-hapten immune responses. I. Enhancement of primary and secondary anti-hapten antibody responses by carrier preimmunization, J. Exp. Med., 132, 261, 10.1084/jem.132.2.261

Kim, 2010, Inhibition of follicular T-helper cells by CD8(+) regulatory T cells is essential for self tolerance, Nature, 467, 328, 10.1038/nature09370

Klein, 2008, Germinal centres: role in B-cell physiology and malignancy, Nat. Rev. Immunol., 8, 22, 10.1038/nri2217

Lanzavecchia, 1985, Antigen-specific interaction between T and B cells, Nature, 314, 537, 10.1038/314537a0

Liu, 1989, Mechanism of antigen-driven selection in germinal centres, Nature, 342, 929, 10.1038/342929a0

Liu, 1991, Sites of specific B cell activation in primary and secondary responses to T cell-dependent and T cell-independent antigens, Eur. J. Immunol., 21, 2951, 10.1002/eji.1830211209

MacLennan, 1994, Germinal centers, Annu. Rev. Immunol., 12, 117, 10.1146/annurev.iy.12.040194.001001

Manser, 2004, Textbook germinal centers?, J. Immunol., 172, 3369, 10.4049/jimmunol.172.6.3369

McKean, 1984, Generation of antibody diversity in the immune response of BALB/c mice to influenza virus hemagglutinin, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 81, 3180, 10.1073/pnas.81.10.3180

Meyer-Hermann, 2001, Recycling probability and dynamical properties of germinal center reactions, J. Theor. Biol., 210, 265, 10.1006/jtbi.2001.2297

Meyer-Hermann, 2009, Germinal centres seen through the mathematical eye: B-cell models on the catwalk, Trends Immunol., 30, 157, 10.1016/j.it.2009.01.005

Meyer-Hermann, 2006, An analysis of B cell selection mechanisms in germinal centers, Math. Med. Biol., 23, 255, 10.1093/imammb/dql012

Mootha, 2003, PGC-1alpha-responsive genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation are coordinately downregulated in human diabetes, Nat. Genet., 34, 267, 10.1038/ng1180

Nagaoka, 2000, Immunization and infection change the number of recombination activating gene (RAG)-expressing B cells in the periphery by altering immature lymphocyte production, J. Exp. Med., 191, 2113, 10.1084/jem.191.12.2113

Nie, 2004, The role of CXCR4 in maintaining peripheral B cell compartments and humoral immunity, J. Exp. Med., 200, 1145, 10.1084/jem.20041185

Nieuwenhuis, 1984, Functional anatomy of germinal centers, Am. J. Anat., 170, 421, 10.1002/aja.1001700315

Nowotschin, 2009, Use of KikGR a photoconvertible green-to-red fluorescent protein for cell labeling and lineage analysis in ES cells and mouse embryos, BMC Dev. Biol., 9, 49, 10.1186/1471-213X-9-49

Nussenzweig, 1967, Antihapten antibody specificity and L chain type, J. Exp. Med., 126, 727, 10.1084/jem.126.4.727

Oprea, 1997, Somatic mutation leads to efficient affinity maturation when centrocytes recycle back to centroblasts, J. Immunol., 158, 5155, 10.4049/jimmunol.158.11.5155

Patterson, 2002, A photoactivatable GFP for selective photolabeling of proteins and cells, Science, 297, 1873, 10.1126/science.1074952

Paus, 2006, Antigen recognition strength regulates the choice between extrafollicular plasma cell and germinal center B cell differentiation, J. Exp. Med., 203, 1081, 10.1084/jem.20060087

Phan, 2006, High affinity germinal center B cells are actively selected into the plasma cell compartment, J. Exp. Med., 203, 2419, 10.1084/jem.20061254

Pulendran, 1995, Soluble antigen can cause enhanced apoptosis of germinal-centre B cells, Nature, 375, 331, 10.1038/375331a0

Rajewsky, 1996, Clonal selection and learning in the antibody system, Nature, 381, 751, 10.1038/381751a0

Rajewsky, 1969, The requirement of more than one antigenic determinant for immunogenicity, J. Exp. Med., 129, 1131, 10.1084/jem.129.6.1131

Rock, 1984, Antigen presentation by hapten-specific B lymphocytes. I. Role of surface immunoglobulin receptors, J. Exp. Med., 160, 1102, 10.1084/jem.160.4.1102

Schaefer, 2001, Observation of antigen-dependent CD8+ T-cell/ dendritic cell interactions in vivo, Cell. Immunol., 214, 110, 10.1006/cimm.2001.1895

Schneider, 2005, Two-photon activation and excitation properties of PA-GFP in the 720-920-nm region, Biophys. J., 89, 1346, 10.1529/biophysj.104.054502

Schwickert, 2007, In vivo imaging of germinal centres reveals a dynamic open structure, Nature, 446, 83, 10.1038/nature05573

Shaner, 2004, Improved monomeric red, orange and yellow fluorescent proteins derived from Discosoma sp. red fluorescent protein, Nat. Biotechnol., 22, 1567, 10.1038/nbt1037

Shih, 2002, Role of antigen receptor affinity in T cell-independent antibody responses in vivo, Nat. Immunol., 3, 399, 10.1038/ni776

Shokat, 1995, Antigen-induced B-cell death and elimination during germinal-centre immune responses, Nature, 375, 334, 10.1038/375334a0

Subramanian, 2005, Gene set enrichment analysis: a knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 102, 15545, 10.1073/pnas.0506580102

Suzuki, 2009, Visualizing B cell capture of cognate antigen from follicular dendritic cells, J. Exp. Med., 206, 1485, 10.1084/jem.20090209

Tarlinton, 2008, Evolution in miniature: selection, survival and distribution of antigen reactive cells in the germinal centre, Immunol. Cell Biol., 86, 133, 10.1038/sj.icb.7100148

Tarlinton, 2000, Dissecting affinity maturation: a model explaining selection of antibody-forming cells and memory B cells in the germinal centre, Immunol. Today, 21, 436, 10.1016/S0167-5699(00)01687-X

Tomura, 2008, Monitoring cellular movement in vivo with photoconvertible fluorescence protein “Kaede” transgenic mice, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 105, 10871, 10.1073/pnas.0802278105

Vinuesa, 2005, A RING-type ubiquitin ligase family member required to repress follicular helper T cells and autoimmunity, Nature, 435, 452, 10.1038/nature03555

Vinuesa, 2005, Follicular B helper T cells in antibody responses and autoimmunity, Nat. Rev. Immunol., 5, 853, 10.1038/nri1714

Xie, 2005, Systematic discovery of regulatory motifs in human promoters and 3′ UTRs by comparison of several mammals, Nature, 434, 338, 10.1038/nature03441

Zhu, 2004, Analysis of the major patterns of B cell gene expression changes in response to short-term stimulation with 33 single ligands, J. Immunol., 173, 7141, 10.4049/jimmunol.173.12.7141

Aida, Y., and Pabst, M.J. (1990). Removal of endotoxin from protein solutions by phase separation using Triton X-114. J. Immunol. Methods 132, 191–195.

Allen, C.D., Okada, T., Tang, H.L., and Cyster, J.G. (2007). Imaging of germinal center selection events during affinity maturation. Science 315, 528–531.

Brochet, X., Lefranc, M.P., and Giudicelli, V. (2008). IMGT/V-QUEST: the highly customized and integrated system for IG and TR standardized V-J and V-D-J sequence analysis. Nucleic Acids Res. 36 (Web Server issue), W503-8.

Dennis, G., Jr., Sherman, B.T., Hosack, D.A., Yang, J., Gao, W., Lane, H.C., and Lempicki, R.A. (2003). DAVID: Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery. Genome Biol. 4, 3.

Huang, W., Sherman, B.T., and Lempicki, R.A. (2009). Systematic and integrative analysis of large gene lists using DAVID bioinformatics resources. Nat. Protoc. 4, 44–57.

Lindquist, R.L., Shakhar, G., Dudziak, D., Wardemann, H., Eisenreich, T., Dustin, M.L., and Nussenzweig, M.C. (2004). Visualizing dendritic cell networks in vivo. Nat. Immunol. 5, 1243–1250.

Mootha, V.K., Lindgren, C.M., Eriksson, K.F., Subramanian, A., Sihag, S., Lehar, J., Puigserver, P., Carlsson, E., Ridderstråle, M., Laurila, E., et al. (2003). PGC-1alpha-responsive genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation are coordinately downregulated in human diabetes. Nat. Genet. 34, 267–273.

Reich, M., Liefeld, T., Gould, J., Lerner, J., Tamayo, P., and Mesirov, J.P. (2006). GenePattern 2.0. Nat. Genet. 38, 500–501.

Shaner, N.C., Campbell, R.E., Steinbach, P.A., Giepmans, B.N., Palmer, A.E., and Tsien, R.Y. (2004). Improved monomeric red, orange and yellow fluorescent proteins derived from Discosoma sp. red fluorescent protein. Nat. Biotechnol. 22, 1567–1572.

Subramanian, A., Tamayo, P., Mootha, V.K., Mukherjee, S., Ebert, B.L., Gillette, M.A., Paulovich, A., Pomeroy, S.L., Golub, T.R., Lander, E.S., and Mesirov, J.P. (2005). Gene set enrichment analysis: a knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 15545–15550.

Xie, X., Lu, J., Kulbokas, E.J., Golub, T.R., Mootha, V., Lindblad-Toh, K., Lander, E.S., and Kellis, M. (2005). Systematic discovery of regulatory motifs in human promoters and 3′ UTRs by comparison of several mammals. Nature 434, 338–345.