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Xu Hướng Thế Giới Trong Hiệu Suất Của Trẻ Em và Thanh Thiếu Niên (1980–2000)
Tóm tắt
Trên thế giới, người ta tin rằng hiệu suất của trẻ em và thanh thiếu niên trong các bài kiểm tra thể lực aerobic đang suy giảm. Để kiểm tra giả thuyết này, phân tích tổng hợp này đã so sánh kết quả của 55 báo cáo về hiệu suất của trẻ em và thanh thiếu niên từ 6 đến 19 tuổi sử dụng bài kiểm tra chạy tiếp sức 20m (20mSRT). Tất cả dữ liệu được thu thập trong khoảng thời gian từ 1981 đến 2000. Sau khi điều chỉnh cho sự biến đổi phương pháp, kết quả của tất cả các nghiên cứu được biểu thị bằng các đại lượng chung của tốc độ chạy (km/h) tại giai đoạn cuối cùng đã hoàn thành. Dữ liệu thô được kết hợp với dữ liệu giả định được tạo ra từ các giá trị trung bình và độ lệch chuẩn được báo cáo bằng mô phỏng Monte Carlo. Ở những nơi có dữ liệu về trẻ em và thanh thiếu niên từ cùng một quốc gia ở cùng độ tuổi và giới tính, nhưng được kiểm tra vào những thời điểm khác nhau, hồi quy tuyến tính đã được sử dụng để tính toán tỷ lệ thay đổi. Việc này có thể thực hiện được cho 11 quốc gia (chủ yếu là các nước phát triển), đại diện cho tổng số 129.882 trẻ em và thanh thiếu niên trong 151 phân khúc độ tuổi × giới tính × quốc gia. Đã có một sự suy giảm đáng kể trong hiệu suất tại 11 quốc gia nơi có dữ liệu, và trong hầu hết các nhóm độ tuổi × giới tính, với sự suy giảm trung bình theo trọng số mẫu là 0,43% giá trị trung bình mỗi năm. Sự suy giảm rõ rệt nhất ở các nhóm tuổi lớn hơn và tỷ lệ suy giảm khá tương đồng giữa các bé trai và bé gái. Trong 20 năm qua, đã có một sự suy giảm rõ rệt trong hiệu suất 20mSRT của trẻ em và thanh thiếu niên, ít nhất là ở các nước phát triển. Tỷ lệ suy giảm không liên quan đến sự thay đổi trong sự giàu có tương đối của quốc gia, được định lượng bằng sản phẩm nội địa bình quân đầu người (GDP).
Từ khóa
#trẻ em #thanh thiếu niên #thể lực aerobic #suy giảm #phân tích tổng hợp #mạch 20m #hiệu suất thể thaoTài liệu tham khảo
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