Sewage treatment in a combined up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB)–down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) system

N. Mahmoud, G. Zeeman, H. Gijzen, G. Lettinga, Anaerobic sewage treatment in a one-stage UASB reactor and a combined UASB–digester System, 38 (9) (2004) 2348–2358. Singh, 2003, Impact of temperature on performance, microbiological, and hydrodynamic aspects of UASB reactors treating municipal wastewater, Water Sci. Technol., 48, 211, 10.2166/wst.2003.0401 Sperling, 2001, Performance evaluation of an UASB-activated sludge system treating municipal wastewater, Water Sci. Technol., 43, 323, 10.2166/wst.2001.0698 Tawfik, 2005, Potentials of using a rotating biological contactor (RBC) for post-treatment of anaerobically pre-treated domestic wastewater, Biochem. Eng. J., 25, 89, 10.1016/j.bej.2005.03.013 Chernicharo, 2001, Feasibility of a pilot-scale UASB/trickling filter system for domestic sewage treatment, Water Sci. Technol., 44, 221, 10.2166/wst.2001.0227 Torres, 2001, Domestic sewage treatment in a pilot system composed of UASB and SBR reactors, Water Sci. Technol., 44, 247, 10.2166/wst.2001.0230 Goncalves, 1999, Combining up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors and submerged aerated biofilters for secondary domestic wastewater treatment, Water Sci. Technol., 40, 71, 10.1016/S0273-1223(99)00611-3 Machdar, 1997, A novel and cost effective sewage treatment system consisting of UASB pre-treatment and aerobic post-treatment units for developing countries, Water Sci. Technol., 36, 189, 10.1016/S0273-1223(97)00739-7 Machdar, 2000, Combination of a UASB reactor and a curtain type DHS (down flow hanging sponge) reactor as a cost effective sewage treatment system for developing countries, Water Sci. Technol., 42, 83, 10.2166/wst.2000.0362 APHA, 1998 Gupta, 1999, Simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal in a mixed culture aerobic RBC biofilm, Water Res., 33, 555, 10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00206-1 Siegrist, 1998, Nitrogen loss in a nitrifying rotating contactor treating ammonium-rich wastewater without organic carbon, Water Sci. Technol., 38, 241, 10.1016/S0273-1223(98)00698-2 Uemura, 2002, Removal of indigenous coliphage and fecal coliforms by a novel sewage treatment system consisting of UASB and DHS units, Water Sci. Technol., 46, 303, 10.2166/wst.2002.0754 Curds, 1992 Fernandez, 1992, Effect of different factors on the die-off of faecal bacteria in a stabilization pond purification plant, Water Res., 26, 1093, 10.1016/0043-1354(92)90145-T Tawfik, 2004, Physico-chemical factors affecting the E. coli removal in a rotating biological contactor (RBC) treating UASB effluent, Water Res., 38, 1081, 10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00345-2 Pontes, 2003, Performance evaluation of an UASB reactor used for combined treatment of domestic sewage and excess aerobic sludge from a trickling filter, Water Sci. Technol., 48, 227, 10.2166/wst.2003.0406 Tawfik, 2002, Treatment anaerobically pre-treated domestic sewage by a rotating biological contactor, Water Res., 1, 147, 10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00185-3 I. Machdar, A novel and cost effective sewage treatment system consisting of UASB pre-treatment and aerobic post-treatment units for developing countries. PhD Thesis, Department of Environmental System Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Japan, 2000. Chernicharo, 1998, Feasibility of the UASB/AF system for domestic sewage treatment in developing countries, Water Sci. Technol., 38, 325, 10.1016/S0273-1223(98)00708-2 Elmitwalli, 2002, Treatment of domestic sewage in a two-step anaerobic filter/anaerobic hybrid system at low temperature, Water Res., 36, 2225, 10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00438-9 K. Wang, Integrated anaerobic and aerobic treatment of sewage, PhD Thesis, Environmental Technology Department, Wageningen University and Research Center, The Netherlands, 1994. M. Halalsheh, Anaerobic pre-treatment of strong sewage, A proper solution for Jordan, PhD Thesis, Environmental Technology Department, Wageningen University and Research Center, The Netherlands, 2002. Jewell, 1985, The development of anaerobic wastewater treatment, 17 Speece, 1983, Anaerobic biotechnology for industrial wastewater treatment, Environ. Sci. Technol., 17, 416, 10.1021/es00115a001 P.F.F. Cavalcanti, Integrated application of the UASB reactor and ponds for domestic sewage treatment in tropical regions, PhD Thesis, Environmental Technology Department, Wageningen University and Research Center, The Netherlands, 2003. Tawfik, 2002, Treatment of domestic sewage in Mediterranean countries using a UASB reactor followed by polyurethane rotating discs (PURD) A. Tawfik, A. Ohashi, H. Harada, The influence of physical-chemical and biological factors on the removal of Faecal coliform through down flow hanging sponge (DHS) system treating UASB reactor effluent, Water Res., in press.