Intermediate pyrolysis of biomass energy pellets for producing sustainable liquid, gaseous and solid fuels

Abu Bakar, 2013, Catalytic pyrolysis of rice husk for bio-oil production, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol., 103, 362, 10.1016/j.jaap.2012.09.005 Apaydin-Varol, 2007, Slow pyrolysis of pistachio shell, Fuel, 86, 1892, 10.1016/j.fuel.2006.11.041 Bridgwater, 2012, Review of fast pyrolysis of biomass and product upgrading, Biomass Bioenergy, 38, 68, 10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.01.048 Chiaramonti, 2003, Development of emulsions from biomass pyrolysis liquid and diesel and their use in engines—part 1: emulsion production, Biomass Bioenergy, 25, 85, 10.1016/S0961-9534(02)00183-6 Gopakumar, S.T., 2012. Bio-oil production through fast pyrolysis and upgrading to “green” transportation fuels (Doctoral thesis). Auburn University. Hassan, 2009, Characterization of fast pyrolysis bio-oils produced from pretreated pine wood, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 154, 3, 10.1007/s12010-008-8445-3 Haynes, 2013 Hew, 2010, Catalytic cracking of bio-oil to organic liquid product (olp), Bioresour. Technol., 101, 8855, 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.05.036 Hornung, A., Apfelbacher, A, 2009. Thermal treatment of biomass. UK patent application GB2460156A. Ingram, 2008, Pyrolysis of wood and bark in an auger reactor: physical properties and chemical analysis of the produced bio-oils, Energy Fuels, 22, 614, 10.1021/ef700335k Kabe, 2004, Vol. 150 Mahmood, 2013, The intermediate pyrolysis and catalytic steam reforming of Brewers spent grain, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol., 103, 328, 10.1016/j.jaap.2012.09.009 Mayer, 2012, A comparative study on the pyrolysis of metal- and ash-enriched wood and the combustion properties of the gained char, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol., 96, 196, 10.1016/j.jaap.2012.04.007 Ouadi, 2013, The intermediate pyrolysis of de-inking sludge to produce a sustainable liquid fuel, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol., 102, 24, 10.1016/j.jaap.2013.04.007 Ruiz, 2013, Biomass gasification for electricity generation: review of current technology barriers, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., 18, 174, 10.1016/j.rser.2012.10.021 Şensöz, 2003, Slow pyrolysis of wood barks from Pinus brutia Ten. and product compositions, Bioresour. Technol., 89, 307, 10.1016/S0960-8524(03)00059-2 Tsai, 2007, Fast pyrolysis of rice husk: product yields and compositions, Bioresour. Technol., 98, 22, 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.12.005 Xu, 2010, Biofuel production from catalytic cracking of woody oils, Bioresour. Technol., 101, 5586, 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.148 Yang, 2007, Characteristics of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin pyrolysis, Fuel, 86, 1781, 10.1016/j.fuel.2006.12.013 Yang, 2013, Characterisation of waste derived intermediate pyrolysis oils for use as diesel engine fuels, Fuel, 105, 247, 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.07.014 Yang, 2013, Investigation into the performance and emissions of a stationary diesel engine fuelled by sewage sludge intermediate pyrolysis oil and biodiesel blends, Energy, 62, 269, 10.1016/j.energy.2013.09.058