Emerging opportunistic yeast infections

The Lancet Infectious Diseases - Tập 11 - Trang 142-151 - 2011
Marisa H Miceli1, José A Díaz2, Samuel A Lee3,4
1Department of Internal Medicine, Oakwood Hospital and Medical Center, Dearborn, MI, USA
2Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
3Division of Infectious Diseases, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
4New Mexico Veterans Healthcare System, Albuquerque, NM, USA

Tài liệu tham khảo

Horn, 2009, Epidemiology and outcomes of candidemia in 2019 patients: data from the prospective antifungal therapy alliance registry, Clin Infect Dis, 48, 1695, 10.1086/599039 Ruhnke, 2006, Epidemiology of Candida albicans infections and role of non-Candida-albicans yeasts, Curr Drug Targets, 7, 495, 10.2174/138945006776359421 Riedel, 2008, Rhodotorula glutinis fungemia in a liver–kidney transplant patient, Transpl Infect Dis, 10, 197, 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2007.00265.x Kontoyiannis, 2004, Trichosporonosis in a tertiary care cancer center: risk factors, changing spectrum and determinants of outcome, Scand J Infect Dis, 36, 564, 10.1080/00365540410017563 Munoz, 2005, Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia: an emerging infectious disease, Clin Infect Dis, 40, 1625, 10.1086/429916 Girmenia, 2005, Invasive infections caused by Trichosporon species and Geotrichum capitatum in patients with hematological malignancies: a retrospective multicenter study from Italy and review of the literature, J Clin Microbiol, 43, 1818, 10.1128/JCM.43.4.1818-1828.2005 Borman, 2008, Candida nivariensis, an emerging pathogenic fungus with multidrug resistance to antifungal agents, J Clin Microbiol, 46, 933, 10.1128/JCM.02116-07 Snydman, 2003, Shifting patterns in the epidemiology of nosocomial Candida infections, Chest, 123, 500S, 10.1378/chest.123.5_suppl.500S Pfaller, 2007, Results from the ARTEMIS DISK global antifungal surveillance study, 1997 to 2005: an 8.5-year analysis of susceptibilities of Candida species and other yeast species to fluconazole and voriconazole determined by CLSI standardized disk diffusion testing, J Clin Microbiol, 45, 1735, 10.1128/JCM.00409-07 Tan, 2009, The increased role of non-albicans species in candidaemia: results from a 3-year surveillance study, Mycoses Colombo, 2006, Epidemiology of candidemia in Brazil: a nationwide sentinel surveillance of candidemia in eleven medical centers, J Clin Microbiol, 44, 2816, 10.1128/JCM.00773-06 Chen, 2006, Active surveillance for candidemia, Australia, Emerg Infect Dis, 12, 1508, 10.3201/eid1210.060389 Trofa, 2008, Candida parapsilosis, an emerging fungal pathogen, Clin Microbiol Rev, 21, 606, 10.1128/CMR.00013-08 Chen, 2009, Candidaemia with uncommon Candida species: predisposing factors, outcome, antifungal susceptibility, and implications for management, Clin Microbiol Infect, 15, 662, 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02821.x Sendid, 2006, Is Candida kefyr an emerging pathogen in patients with oncohematological diseases?, Clin Infect Dis, 43, 666, 10.1086/506573 Mestroni, 2003, Etiological factors of fungemia in the Hospital San Martin in La Plata, Rev Argent Microbiol, 35, 106 Minces, 2009, Candida rugosa: a distinctive emerging cause of candidaemia. A case report and review of the literature, Scand J Infect Dis, 41, 892, 10.3109/00365540903161531 Trifilio, 2007, Breakthrough fungal infections after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients on prophylactic voriconazole, Bone Marrow Transplant, 40, 451, 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705754 Leung, 2002, Candida tropicalis fungaemia in adult patients with haematological malignancies: clinical features and risk factors, J Hosp Infect, 50, 316, 10.1053/jhin.2002.1194 Pfaller, 2007, Results from the ARTEMIS DISK global antifungal surveillance study, 1997 to 2007: a 10.5-year analysis of susceptibilities of Candida species to fluconazole and voriconazole determined by CLSI standardized disk diffusion, J Clin Microbiol, 45, 1735, 10.1128/JCM.00409-07 Reuter, 2005, Candida kefyr as an emerging pathogen causing nosocomial bloodstream infections in neutropenic leukemia patients, Clin Infect Dis, 41, 1365, 10.1086/497079 Tavanti, 2005, Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis spp. nov. to replace Candida parapsilosis groups II and III, J Clin Microbiol, 43, 284, 10.1128/JCM.43.1.284-292.2005 Linton, 2007, Molecular identification of unusual pathogenic yeast isolates by large ribosomal subunit gene sequencing: 2 years of experience at the United Kingdom mycology reference laboratory, J Clin Microbiol, 45, 1152, 10.1128/JCM.02061-06 Lachance, 2001, Biogeography of the yeasts of ephemeral flowers and their insects, FEMS Yeast Res, 1, 1, 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2001.tb00007.x Ramage, 2005, Candida biofilms: an update, Eukaryot Cell, 4, 633, 10.1128/EC.4.4.633-638.2005 Silva, 2009, Biofilms of non-Candida albicans Candida species: quantification, structure and matrix composition, Med Mycol, 47, 681, 10.3109/13693780802549594 Pfaller, 2006, Candida guilliermondii, an opportunistic fungal pathogen with decreased susceptibility to fluconazole: geographic and temporal trends from the ARTEMIS DISK antifungal surveillance program, J Clin Microbiol, 44, 3551, 10.1128/JCM.00865-06 Pfaller, 2006, Candida rugosa, an emerging fungal pathogen with resistance to azoles: geographic and temporal trends from the ARTEMIS DISK antifungal surveillance program, J Clin Microbiol, 44, 3578, 10.1128/JCM.00863-06 Hawkins, 2003, Candida lusitaniae infections in the era of fluconazole availability, Clin Infect Dis, 36, e14, 10.1086/344651 Martinez, 2002, Replacement of Candida albicans with C. dubliniensis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis treated with fluconazole, J Clin Microbiol, 40, 3135, 10.1128/JCM.40.9.3135-3139.2002 Pfaller, 2006, In vitro susceptibilities of Candida spp. to caspofungin: four years of global surveillance, J Clin Microbiol, 44, 760, 10.1128/JCM.44.3.760-763.2006 Garcia-Efron G, Park S, Lee S, Perlin DS. Echinocandin resistance in clinical Candida spp. isolates. 47th Interscience Conference Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; Sept 17–20, 2007; Chicago, IL, USA; 2007: M-2017. Sun, 2010, Characterisation of breakthrough invasive mycoses in echinocandin recipients: an evidence-based review, Int J Antimicrob Agents, 35, 211, 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.09.020 Moudgal, 2005, Multiechinocandin- and multiazole-resistant Candida parapsilosis isolates serially obtained during therapy for prosthetic valve endocarditis, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 49, 767, 10.1128/AAC.49.2.767-769.2005 Mermel, 2001, Guidelines for the management of intravascular catheter-related infections, Clin Infect Dis, 32, 1249, 10.1086/320001 Flemming, 2002, Emerging and less common fungal pathogens, Infect Dis Clin North Am, 16, 915, 10.1016/S0891-5520(02)00041-7 Melcher, 1991, Demonstration of a cell wall antigen cross-reacting with cryptococcal polysaccharide in experimental disseminated trichosporonosis, J Clin Microbiol, 29, 192, 10.1128/JCM.29.1.192-196.1991 Ando, 1995, Summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Intern Med, 34, 707, 10.2169/internalmedicine.34.707 Ruan, 2009, Invasive trichosporonosis caused by Trichosporon asahii and other unusual Trichosporon species at a medical center in Taiwan, Clin Infect Dis, 49, e11, 10.1086/599614 Walsh, 2004, Infections due to emerging and uncommon medically important fungal pathogens, Clin Microbiol Infect, 10, 48, 10.1111/j.1470-9465.2004.00839.x Pfaller, 2004, Rare and emerging opportunistic fungal pathogens: concern for resistance beyond Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus, J Clin Microbiol, 42, 4419, 10.1128/JCM.42.10.4419-4431.2004 Denning, 2003, Echinocandin antifungal drugs, Lancet, 362, 1142, 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14472-8 Ribeiro, 2008, Molecular identification and susceptibility testing of Trichosporon isolates from a Brazilian hospital, Rev Iberoam Micol, 25, 221 Suzuki, 2010, Fatal Trichosporon fungemia in patients with hematologic malignancies, Eur J Haematol, 84, 441, 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2010.01410.x Tuon, 2008, Rhodotorula infection. A systematic review of 128 cases from literature, Rev Iberoam Micol, 25, 135, 10.1016/S1130-1406(08)70032-9 Tournas, 2006, Moulds, yeasts and aerobic plate counts in ginseng supplements, Int J Food Microbiol, 108, 178, 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.11.009 Tournas, 2006, Moulds and yeasts in fruit salads and fruit juices, Food Microbiol, 23, 684, 10.1016/j.fm.2006.01.003 Perniola, 2006, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa outbreak in neonatal intensive care unit: microbiological features, clinical presentation, and analysis of related variables, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 25, 193, 10.1007/s10096-006-0114-2 Lunardi, 2006, Epidemiology and outcome of Rhodotorula fungemia in a tertiary care hospital, Clin Infect Dis, 43, e60, 10.1086/507036 Braun, 1992, Rhodotorula fungaemia: a life-threatening complication of indwelling central venous catheters, Mycoses, 35, 305, 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1992.tb00882.x Diekema, 2005, Activities of available and investigational antifungal agents against rhodotorula species, J Clin Microbiol, 43, 476, 10.1128/JCM.43.1.476-478.2005 Zaas, 2003, Risk of fungemia due to Rhodotorula and antifungal susceptibility testing of Rhodotorula isolates, J Clin Microbiol, 41, 5233, 10.1128/JCM.41.11.5233-5235.2003 Khawcharoenporn, 2007, Non-neoformans cryptococcal infections: a systematic review, Infection, 35, 51, 10.1007/s15010-007-6142-8 Shankar, 2006, Pneumonia and pleural effusion due to Cryptococcus laurentii in a clinically proven case of AIDS, Can Respir J, 13, 275, 10.1155/2006/160451 Manfredi, 2006, Emergence of amphotericin B-resistant Cryptococcus laurentii meningoencephalitis shortly after treatment for Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis in a patient with AIDS, AIDS Patient Care STDS, 20, 227, 10.1089/apc.2006.20.227 Lee, 2004, First report of Cryptococcus albidus—induced disseminated cryptococcosis in a renal transplant recipient, Korean J Intern Med, 19, 53, 10.3904/kjim.2004.19.1.53 Furman-Kuklinska, 2009, Fungaemia due to Cryptococcus laurentii as a complication of immunosuppressive therapy—a case report, Adv Med Sci, 54, 116, 10.2478/v10039-009-0014-7 D'Antonio, 1996, Emergence of fluconazole-resistant strains of Blastoschizomyces capitatus causing nosocomial infections in cancer patients, J Clin Microbiol, 34, 753, 10.1128/JCM.34.3.753-755.1996 Girmenia, 2003, In vitro susceptibility testing of Geotrichum capitatum: comparison of the E-test, disk diffusion, and Sensititre colorimetric methods with the NCCLS M27-A2 broth microdilution reference method, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 47, 3985, 10.1128/AAC.47.12.3985-3988.2003 Paula, 2006, Nosocomial infection in newborns by Pichia anomala in a Brazilian intensive care unit, Med Mycol, 44, 479, 10.1080/13693780600561809 Pasqualotto, 2005, An outbreak of Pichia anomala fungemia in a Brazilian pediatric intensive care unit, Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 26, 553, 10.1086/502583 Kalenic, 2001, Hansenula anomala outbreak at a surgical intensive care unit: a search for risk factors, Eur J Epidemiol, 17, 491, 10.1023/A:1013739802940 Thuler, 1997, Fungaemia caused by Hansenula anomala—an outbreak in a cancer hospital, Mycoses, 40, 193, 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1997.tb00213.x Krcmery, 1998, Nosocomial breakthrough fungaemia during antifungal prophylaxis or empirical antifungal therapy in 41 cancer patients receiving antineoplastic chemotherapy: analysis of aetiology risk factors and outcome, J Antimicrob Chemother, 41, 373, 10.1093/jac/41.3.373 Murphy, 1986, Infection and colonisation of neonates by Hansenula anomala, Lancet, 327, 291, 10.1016/S0140-6736(86)90827-5 Mackenzie, 1961, Yeasts from human sources, Sabouraudia, 1, 8, 10.1080/00362176285190051 Bakir, 2004, Pichia anomala fungaemia in immunocompromised children, Mycoses, 47, 231, 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2004.00962.x da Matta, 2007, Antifungal drug susceptibility profile of Pichia anomala isolates from patients presenting with nosocomial fungemia, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 51, 1573, 10.1128/AAC.01038-06 Morrison, 2000, The spectrum of Malassezia infections in the bone marrow transplant population, Bone Marrow Transplant, 26, 645, 10.1038/sj.bmt.1702566 Gupta, 2000, In vitro susceptibility of the seven Malassezia species to ketoconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole and terbinafine, Br J Dermatol, 142, 758, 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03294.x Velegraki, 2004, Use of fatty acid RPMI 1640 media for testing susceptibilities of eight Malassezia species to the new triazole posaconazole and to six established antifungal agents by a modified NCCLS M27-A2 microdilution method and Etest, J Clin Microbiol, 42, 3589, 10.1128/JCM.42.8.3589-3593.2004 Cassone, 2003, Outbreak of Saccharomyces cerevisiae subtype boulardii fungemia in patients neighboring those treated with a probiotic preparation of the organism, J Clin Microbiol, 41, 5340, 10.1128/JCM.41.11.5340-5343.2003 Swinne, 2004, In vitro activities of voriconazole (UK-109, 496), fluconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin B against 132 non-albicans bloodstream yeast isolates (CANARI study), Mycoses, 47, 177, 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2004.00971.x Tiballi, 1995, Saccharomyces cerevisiae infections and antifungal susceptibility studies by colorimetric and broth macrodilution methods, Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 23, 135, 10.1016/0732-8893(95)00188-3 Jensen, 2007, Mixed fungemia: incidence, risk factors, and mortality in a general hospital, Clin Infect Dis, 44, e109, 10.1086/518175 Nace, 2009, Epidemiology and outcome of multiple-species candidemia at a tertiary care center between 2004 and 2007, Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 64, 289, 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2009.03.010 Miceli, 2007, Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in cancer patients with pulmonary aspergillosis recovering from neutropenia: proof of principle, description, and clinical and research implications, Cancer, 110, 112, 10.1002/cncr.22738 Singh, 2008, Novel immune regulatory pathways and their role in immune reconstitution syndrome in organ transplant recipients with invasive mycoses, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 27, 403, 10.1007/s10096-008-0461-2 Zelante, 2007, IL-23 and the Th17 pathway promote inflammation and impair antifungal immune resistance, Eur J Immunol, 37, 2695, 10.1002/eji.200737409 Zelante, 2007, Receptors and pathways in innate antifungal immunity: the implication for tolerance and immunity to fungi, Adv Exp Med Biol, 590, 209, 10.1007/978-0-387-34814-8_15 Shoham, 2005, The immune response to fungal infections, Br J Haematol, 129, 569, 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05397.x Osterholzer, 2009, Role of dendritic cells and alveolar macrophages in regulating early host defense against pulmonary infection with Cryptococcus neoformans, Infect Immun, 77, 3749, 10.1128/IAI.00454-09 Bettelli, 2006, Reciprocal developmental pathways for the generation of pathogenic effector TH17 and regulatory T cells, Nature, 441, 235, 10.1038/nature04753 Stockinger, 2007, Differentiation and function of Th17 T cells, Curr Opin Immunol, 19, 281, 10.1016/j.coi.2007.04.005 Veldhoen, 2006, TGFβ in the context of an inflammatory cytokine milieu supports de novo differentiation of IL-17-producing T cells, Immunity, 24, 179, 10.1016/j.immuni.2006.01.001 Zhang, 2009, Robust Th1 and Th17 immunity supports pulmonary clearance but cannot prevent systemic dissemination of highly virulent Cryptococcus neoformans H99, Am J Pathol, 175, 2489, 10.2353/ajpath.2009.090530 Singh, 2007, Immune reconstitution syndrome associated with opportunistic mycoses, Lancet Infect Dis, 7, 395, 10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70085-3 Kontoyiannis, 2000, Significance of aspergillemia in patients with cancer: a 10-year study, Clin Infect Dis, 31, 188, 10.1086/313918 Lundstrom, 2001, Nosocomial candiduria: a review, Clin Infect Dis, 32, 1602, 10.1086/320531 Pittet, 1994, Candida colonization and subsequent infections in critically ill surgical patients, Ann Surg, 220, 751, 10.1097/00000658-199412000-00008 Jorda-Marcos, 2007, Risk factors for candidaemia in critically ill patients: a prospective surveillance study, Mycoses, 50, 302, 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2007.01366.x Mennink-Kersten, 2006, Non-culture-based diagnostics for opportunistic fungi, Infect Dis Clin North Am, 20, 711, 10.1016/j.idc.2006.06.009 Lee, 2004, Advances in diagnostic methods for invasive Candida and Aspergillus infections, 37 Wheat, 2009, Approach to the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis and candidiasis, Clin Chest Med, 30, 367, 10.1016/j.ccm.2009.02.012 Iwanaga, 1992, Molecular mechanism of hemolymph clotting system in Limulus, Thromb Res, 68, 1, 10.1016/0049-3848(92)90124-S Miyazaki, 1995, Plasma (1→3)-beta-D-glucan and fungal antigenemia in patients with candidemia, aspergillosis, and cryptococcosis, J Clin Microbiol, 33, 3115, 10.1128/JCM.33.12.3115-3118.1995 Yoshida, 1997, Detection of plasma (1→3)-beta-D-glucan in patients with Fusarium, Trichosporon, Saccharomyces and Acremonium fungaemias, J Med Vet Mycol, 35, 371, 10.1080/02681219780001441 Odabasi, 2006, Differences in beta-glucan levels in culture supernatants of a variety of fungi, Med Mycol, 44, 267, 10.1080/13693780500474327 Obayashi, 1995, Plasma (1→3)-β-D-glucan measurement in diagnosis of invasive deep mycosis and fungal febrile episodes, Lancet, 345, 17, 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)91152-9 Ostrosky-Zeichner, 2005, Multicenter clinical evaluation of the (1→3) β-D-glucan assay as an aid to diagnosis of fungal infections in humans, Clin Infect Dis, 41, 654, 10.1086/432470 Senn, 2008, 1,3-β-D-glucan antigenemia for early diagnosis of invasive fungal infections in neutropenic patients with acute leukemia, Clin Infect Dis, 46, 878, 10.1086/527382 Leon, 2009, Usefulness of the “Candida score” for discriminating between Candida colonization and invasive candidiasis in non-neutropenic critically ill patients: a prospective multicenter study, Crit Care Med, 37, 1624, 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31819daa14 Pickering, 2005, Evaluation of a (1→3)-β-D-glucan assay for diagnosis of invasive fungal infections, J Clin Microbiol, 43, 5957, 10.1128/JCM.43.12.5957-5962.2005 Akamatsu, 2007, Preemptive treatment of fungal infection based on plasma (1→3) β-D-glucan levels after liver transplantation, Infection, 35, 346, 10.1007/s15010-007-6240-7 Persat, 2008, Contribution of the (1→3)-β-D-glucan assay for diagnosis of invasive fungal infections, J Clin Microbiol, 46, 1009, 10.1128/JCM.02091-07 Presterl, 2009, Invasive fungal infections and (1,3)-β-D-glucan serum concentrations in long-term intensive care patients, Int J Infect Dis, 13, 707, 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.10.013 Digby, 2003, Serum glucan levels are not specific for presence of fungal infections in intensive care unit patients, Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 10, 882, 10.1128/CDLI.10.5.882-885.2003 Pappas, 2009, Clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Clin Infect Dis, 48, 503, 10.1086/596757 Perfect, 2010, Clinical practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease: 2010 update by the infectious diseases society of America, Clin Infect Dis, 50, 291, 10.1086/649858 Nucci, 2001, Revisiting the source of candidemia: skin or gut?, Clin Infect Dis, 33, 1959, 10.1086/323759