Neonatal Thrombocytopenia and Megakaryocytopoiesis

Wiedmeier, 2009, Platelet reference ranges for neonates, defined using data from over 47,000 patients in a multihospital healthcare system, J Perinatol, 29, 130, 10.1038/jp.2008.141 Dreyfus, 1997, Frequency of immune thrombocytopenia in newborns: a prospective study, Blood, 89, 4402, 10.1182/blood.V89.12.4402 Castle, 1986, Frequency and mechanism of neonatal thrombocytopenia, J Pediatr, 108, 749, 10.1016/S0022-3476(86)81059-9 Mehta, 1980, Thrombocytopenia in the high-risk infant, J Pediatr, 97, 791, 10.1016/S0022-3476(80)80272-1 Christensen, 2006, Thrombocytopenia among extremely low birth weight neonates: data from a multihospital healthcare system, J Perinatol, 26, 348, 10.1038/sj.jp.7211509 Baer, 2009, Severe thrombocytopenia in the nicu, Pediatrics, 124, e1095, 10.1542/peds.2009-0582 Stanworth, 2009, Prospective, observational study of outcomes in neonates with severe thrombocytopenia, Pediatrics, 124, e826, 10.1542/peds.2009-0332 Lupton, 1988, Reduced platelet count as a risk factor for intraventricular hemorrhage, Am J Dis Child, 142, 1222 Bussel, 2009, Current approaches to the evaluation and management of the fetus and neonate with immune thrombocytopenia, Semin Perinatol, 33, 35, 10.1053/j.semperi.2008.10.003 Josephson, 2009, Platelet transfusion practices among neonatologists in the united states and canada: results of a survey, Pediatrics, 123, 278, 10.1542/peds.2007-2850 Del Vecchio, 2001, Platelet transfusions in the neonatal intensive care unit: factors predicting which patients will require multiple transfusions, Transfusion, 41, 803, 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2001.41060803.x Dohner, 2009, Very high users of platelet transfusions in the neonatal intensive care unit, Transfusion, 49, 869, 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.02074.x Kenton, 2005, Platelet transfusions in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis do not lower mortality but may increase morbidity, J Perinatol, 25, 173, 10.1038/sj.jp.7211237 Bonifacio, 2007, Thrombocytopenia related neonatal outcome in preterms, Indian J Pediatr, 74, 269, 10.1007/s12098-007-0042-x Baer, 2007, Do platelet transfusions in the NICU adversely affect survival?, J Perinatol, 27, 790, 10.1038/sj.jp.7211833 Sola, 1999, Thrombopoietin (tpo) in the fetus and neonate: Tpo concentrations in preterm and term neonates, and organ distribution of tpo and its receptor (c-mpl) during human fetal development, Early Hum Dev, 53, 239, 10.1016/S0378-3782(98)00077-2 Murray, 1998, Endogenous thrombopoietin levels and effect of recombinant human thrombopoietin on megakaryocyte precursors in term and preterm babies, Pediatr Res, 43, 148, 10.1203/00006450-199801000-00023 Walka, 1999, Thrombopoietin concentration in umbilical cord blood of healthy term newborns is higher than in adult controls, Biol Neonate, 75, 54, 10.1159/000014077 Nishihira, 1996, Growth of macroscopic human megakaryocyte colonies from cord blood in culture with recombinant human thrombopoietin (c-mpl ligand) and the effects of gestational age on frequency of colonies, Br J Haematol, 92, 23, 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1996.00287.x Olson, 1992, Megakaryocytes and megakaryocyte progenitors in human cord blood, Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol, 14, 241, 10.1097/00043426-199208000-00011 Allen Graeve, 1989, Megakaryocytopoiesis in the human fetus, Arch Dis Child, 64, 481, 10.1136/adc.64.4_Spec_No.481 de Alarcon, 1996, Analysis of megakaryocyte ploidy in fetal bone marrow biopsies using a new adaptation of the feulgen technique to measure DNA content and estimate megakaryocyte ploidy from biopsy specimens, Pediatr Res, 39, 166, 10.1203/00006450-199601000-00026 Mattia, 2002, Different ploidy levels of megakaryocytes generated from peripheral or cord blood CD34+ cells are correlated with different levels of platelet release, Blood, 99, 888, 10.1182/blood.V99.3.888 Slayton, 2005, Developmental differences in megakaryocyte maturation are determined by the microenvironment, Stem Cells, 23, 1400, 10.1634/stemcells.2004-0373 Ignatz, 2007, Umbilical cord blood produces small megakaryocytes after transplantation, Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, 13, 145, 10.1016/j.bbmt.2006.10.032 Gutti R, 2009, Neonatal and adult megakaryocytes have different microRNA expression profiles, which might contribute to their biological differences, Society of Pediatric Research Meeting E-PAS, 2730.4 Watts, 1999, Thrombopoietin has a primary role in the regulation of platelet production in preterm babies, Pediatr Res, 46, 28, 10.1203/00006450-199907000-00005 Sola, 1999, Plasma thrombopoietin concentrations in thrombocytopenic and non-thrombocytopenic patients in a neonatal intensive care unit, Br J Haematol, 104, 90, 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1999.01154.x Brown, 2008, Effects of sepsis on neonatal thrombopoiesis, Pediatr Res, 64, 399, 10.1203/PDR.0b013e318181ad49 Colarizi, 1999, Circulating thrombopoietin levels in neonates with infection, Acta Paediatr, 88, 332, 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1999.tb01107.x Sola, 2004, A neonate with severe thrombocytopenia and radio-ulnar synostosis, J Perinatol, 24, 528, 10.1038/sj.jp.7211134 Harker, 1968, Kinetics of thrombopoiesis, J Clin Invest, 47, 458, 10.1172/JCI105742 Harker, 1969, Thrombokinetics in man, J Clin Invest, 48, 963, 10.1172/JCI106077 Sola-Visner, 2007, Megakaryocyte size and concentration in the bone marrow of thrombocytopenic and nonthrombocytopenic neonates, Pediatr Res, 61, 479, 10.1203/pdr.0b013e3180332c18 Hu, 2010, Differences between newborn and adult mice in their response to immune thrombocytopenia, Neonatology, 98, 100, 10.1159/000280413 Sola, 2000, Dose-response relationship of megakaryocyte progenitors from the bone marrow of thrombocytopenic and non-thrombocytopenic neonates to recombinant thrombopoietin, Br J Haematol, 110, 449, 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.02163.x Pastos, 2006, Differential effects of recombinant thrombopoietin and bone marrow stromal-conditioned media on neonatal versus adult megakaryocytes, Blood, 108, 3360, 10.1182/blood-2006-04-018036 Sola, 2000, Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of administering pegylated recombinant megakaryocyte growth and development factor to newborn rhesus monkeys, Pediatr Res, 47, 208, 10.1203/00006450-200002000-00010 Liu, 2009, Thrombopoietin stimulates the cytoplasmic maturation of low-ploidy neonatal megakaryocytes through the mTOR pathway, Society of Pediatric Research Meeting E-PAS, 2730.1 Murray, 2002, Platelet transfusion in the management of severe thrombocytopenia in neonatal intensive care unit patients, Transfus Med, 12, 35, 10.1046/j.1365-3148.2002.00343.x Garcia, 2001, Epidemiologic and outcome studies of patients who received platelet transfusions in the neonatal intensive care unit, J Perinatol, 21, 415, 10.1038/sj.jp.7210566 Erhardt, 2009, Comparative analyses of the small molecule thrombopoietin receptor agonist eltrombopag and thrombopoietin on in vitro platelet function, Exp Hematol, 37, 1030, 10.1016/j.exphem.2009.06.011 Aher, 2006, Early versus late erythropoietin for preventing red blood cell transfusion in preterm and/or low birth weight infants, Cochrane Database, 3 Liu, 2009, Effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on the proliferation and cell-fate specification of neural stem cells, Neuroscience, 164, 1521, 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.09.045 Dame, 2003, Thrombopoietin gene expression in the developing human central nervous system, Brain Res Dev Brain Res, 143, 217, 10.1016/S0165-3806(03)00134-2 Ehrenreich, 2005, A hematopoietic growth factor, thrombopoietin, has a proapoptotic role in the brain, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 102, 862, 10.1073/pnas.0406008102 Samoylenko, 2008, Thrombopoietin inhibits nerve growth factor-induced neuronal differentiation and erk signalling, Cell Signal, 20, 154, 10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.10.006