The anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticoids is mediated by cell type specific regulation of apoptosis

Andersen, 1994, Intrafollicular concentrations of free cortisol close to follicular rupture, Hum. Reprod., 9, 1944, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138364 Andreau, 1998, Induction of apoptosis by dexamethasone in the B cells lineage, Immunopharmacology, 40, 67, 10.1016/S0162-3109(98)00034-4 Angel, 1991, The role of Jun, Fos and the AP-1 complex in cell-proliferation and transformation, Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 1072, 129 Bailly-Maitre, 2001, Dexamethasone inhibits apoptosis in primary cultures of human and rat hepatocytes via Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL induction, Cell Death Differ., 8, 279, 10.1038/sj.cdd.4400815 Bastian, 1991, Concerted stimulation of transcription by glucocorticoid receptors and basal transcription factors: limited transcriptional synergism suggests mediation by co-activators/adaptors, Mol. Endocrinol., 5, 619, 10.1210/mend-5-5-619 Bergmann, 1998, Mechanisms and control of programmed cell death in invertebrates, Oncogene, 17, 3215, 10.1038/sj.onc.1202586 Bodwell, 1998, Glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation: overview, function and cell cycle dependence, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 65, 91, 10.1016/S0960-0760(97)00185-4 Borski, 2000, Nongenomic membrane actions of glucocorticoids in vertebrates, Trends Endocrinol. Metab., 11, 427, 10.1016/S1043-2760(00)00325-8 Chae, 2000, Dexamethasone suppresses tumor necrosis factor-α-induced apoptosis in osteoblasts: possible role for ceramide, Endocrinology, 141, 2904, 10.1210/en.141.8.2904 Chang, 1997, Dexamethasone suppresses apoptosis in human gastric cancer cell line through modulation of bcl-x gene expression, FEBS Lett., 415, 11, 10.1016/S0014-5793(97)01083-1 Chao, 1998, BCL-2 family: regulators of cell death, Annu. Rev. Immunol., 16, 395, 10.1146/annurev.immunol.16.1.395 Chauhan, 1997, Dexamethasone induces apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells in a JNK/SAP kinase independent mechanism, Oncogene, 15, 837, 10.1038/sj.onc.1201253 Cidlowski, 1996, The biochemistry and molecular biology of glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in the immune system, Recent Prog. Horm. Res., 51, 457 Coleman, 1992, Glucocorticoids in cancer therapy, Biotherapy, 4, 37, 10.1007/BF02171708 Cosmi, 1989, Prevention and treatment of fetal lung immaturity, Fetal. Ther., 1, 52, 10.1159/000263466 Costas, 2000, Transrepression of NFκB is not required for glucocorticoid-mediated protection of TNFα-induced apoptosis on fibroblasts, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1499, 122, 10.1016/S0167-4889(00)00113-0 Cox, 1997, Dexamethasone-induced suppression of apoptosis in human neutrophils requires continuos stimulation of new protein synthesis, J. Leukoc. Biol., 61, 224, 10.1002/jlb.61.2.224 Cox, 1995, Glucocorticoid treatment inhibits apoptosis in human neutrophils, J. Immunol., 154, 4719, 10.4049/jimmunol.154.9.4719 Dalman, 1991, Localization of the 90-kDa heat shock protein-binding site within the hormone-binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor by peptide competition, J. Biol. Chem., 266, 3482, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)67821-X Dowd, 1992, Evidence that glucocorticoid and cyclic AMP induced apoptosis in distinct pathways in lymphocytes share distal events, Mol. Cell. Biol., 12, 3600, 10.1128/MCB.12.8.3600 Escher, 1997, Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta enhance the cortisone/cortisol shuttle, J. Exp. Med., 186, 189, 10.1084/jem.186.2.189 Evans-Storms, 1995, Regulation of apoptosis by steroid hormones, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 53, 1, 10.1016/0960-0760(95)00034-W Evans-Storms, 2000, Delineation of an antiapoptotic action of glucocorticoids in hepatoma cells the role of nuclear factor-kB, Endocrinology, 141, 1854, 10.1210/en.141.5.1854 Evans-Storms, 1997, Dominant suppression of lymphocyte apoptosis by hepatoma cells, Exp. Cell Res., 230, 121, 10.1006/excr.1996.3406 Feng, 1995, Glucocorticoid and progesterone inhibit involution and programmed cell death in the mouse mammary gland, J. Biol. Chem., 131, 1095 Goodlad, 1995, Glucocorticoid-induced changes in liver: inhibition of nuclear Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent endonuclease activity in response to dexamethasone administration, Cell Biochem. Funct., 13, 251, 10.1002/cbf.290130405 Helmberg, 1995, Glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of human leukemia cells is caused by the repressive function of the glucocorticoid receptor, EMBO J., 14, 452, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07021.x Hillier, 1998, An anti-inflammatory role of glucocorticoids in the ovaries?, J. Reprod. Immunol., 39, 21, 10.1016/S0165-0378(98)00011-4 Homo-Delarche, 1991, Sex steroids, glucocorticoids, stress and autoimmunity, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 40, 619, 10.1016/0960-0760(91)90285-D Horigome, 1997, Glucocorticoids and cyclosporine induce apoptosis in mitogen-activated human peripheral mononuclear cells, Immunopharmacology, 37, 87, 10.1016/S0162-3109(97)00036-2 Hosokawa, 1998, Induction of Ad4BP/SF-1, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, and cytochrome P450scc enzyme system expression in newly established human granulosa cell lines, Endocrinology, 139, 4679, 10.1210/en.139.11.4679 Huang, 1999, Glucocorticoids inhibit serum depletion-induced apoptosis in T lymphocytes expressing Bcl-2, FASEB J., 13, 467, 10.1096/fasebj.13.3.467 Ito, 1997, Bcl-2 phosphorylation required for anti-apoptosis function, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 11 671, 10.1074/jbc.272.18.11671 Jenkins, 2001, Novel glucocorticoid receptor coactivator effector mechanisms, Trends Endocrinol. Metab., 12, 122, 10.1016/S1043-2760(00)00357-X Keller, 1983, Stress-induced suppression of immunity in adrenalectomized rats, Science, 221, 1301, 10.1126/science.6612346 Mann, 2001, Glucocorticoids regulate plasma membrane potential during rat thymocyte apoptosis in vivo and in vitro, Endocrinology, 142, 421, 10.1210/en.142.1.421 McKay, 1999, Molecular control of immune/inflammatory responses: interaction between nuclear factor-kB and steroid receptor-signaling pathways, Endocr. Rev., 20, 435, 10.1210/er.20.4.435 McKenna, 1999, Nuclear receptor coactivators: multiple enzymes multiple complexes, and multiple functions, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 69, 3, 10.1016/S0960-0760(98)00144-7 Mebmer, 1999, Glucocorticoids potently blocks tumor necrosis factor-α- and lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptotic cell death in bovine glomerular endothelial cells upstream of caspase 3 activation, Br. J. Pharmacol., 127, 1633, 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702726 Miner, 1991, Regulatory crosstalk at composite response elements, Trends Biochem. Sci., 16, 423, 10.1016/0968-0004(91)90168-U Minn, 1997, Bcl-xL forms an ion channel in synthetic lipid membranes, Nature, 385, 353, 10.1038/385353a0 Miyoshi, 1997, Glucocorticoids induce apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cell lines with a t (8; 21) chromosome translocation, Leuk. Res., 21, 45, 10.1016/S0145-2126(96)00089-6 Moran, 2000, The glucocorticoid receptor mediates a survival signal in human mammary epithelial cells, Cancer Res., 60, 867 Moutsatsou, 2000, Glucocorticoid receptor alpha and beta isoforms are not mutated in bipolar affective disorder, Mol. Psychiatry, 5, 196, 10.1038/sj.mp.4000646 Munck, 1981, 329 Nagata, 1997, Apoptosis by death factor, Cell, 88, 355, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81874-7 Natoli, 1998, Nuclear factor kB-independent cytoprotective pathways originating at tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2, J. Biol. Chem., 273, 31 262, 10.1074/jbc.273.47.31262 Oakley, 1996, The human glucocorticoid receptor β isoform, J. Biol. Chem., 271, 9550, 10.1074/jbc.271.16.9550 Orth, 1992, The adrenal gland, 89 Pagliacci, 1993, Cellular stress and glucocorticoid hormones protect L929 mouse fibroblasts from tumor necrosis factor alpha cytotoxicity, J. Endocrinol. Invest., 16, 591, 10.1007/BF03347677 Paule, 1998, Glucocorticoids and multiple myeloma. Mechanism of action, resistance and clinical use, Ann. Med. Interne, 149, 502 Pratt, 1993, The role of heat shock proteins in regulating the function folding, and trafficking of the glucocorticoid receptor, J. Biol. Chem., 268, 21 455, 10.1016/S0021-9258(20)80556-0 Pruschy, 1997, The proto-oncogene c-fos mediates apoptosis in murine T-lymphocytes induced by ionizing radiation and dexamethasone, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 241, 519, 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7846 Ruvolo, 1998, A Functional role for mitochondrial protein kinase Cα in Bcl-2 phosphorylation and suppression of apoptosis, J. Biol. Chem., 273, 25 436, 10.1074/jbc.273.39.25436 Sasson, 2001, Glucocorticoids protect against apoptosis induced by serum deprivation, cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate and p53 activation in immortalized human granulosa cells: involvement of Bcl-2, Endocrinology, 142, 802, 10.1210/en.142.2.802 Sasson, R., et al., 2001b. Induction of apoptosis in granulosa cells by TNFα and its attenuation by glucocorticoids involves modulation of Bcl2. Proceeding of the XII International Workshop on the Development and Function of the Reproductive Organs Ma'ale Hachamisha, Israel. Sasson, R., et al., 2001c. Glucocorticoids enhance steroidogenesis and reduce apoptosis in human granulosa cells. Proceedings of the XIIIth Ovarian Workshop: Molecular and Cellular Basis of Paracrine, Autocrine and Juxtacrine Communication in the Ovary Madison, WI, USA. Schmidt, 1999, Glucocorticoids induce apoptosis in human monocytes: potential role of IL-1β, J. Immunol., 163, 3484, 10.4049/jimmunol.163.6.3484 Schulz, M. et al., 2000. Distinct proteins interacting with the glucocorticoid receptor. Z. Rheumatol. 2, II/6-11. Schwartzman, 1993, Apoptosis: the biochemistry and molecular biology of programmed cell death, Endocr. Rev., 14, 133 Sikora, 1996, Interference between DNA binding activities of AP-1 and GR transcription factors in rat thymocytes undergoing dexamethasone-induced apoptosis, Acta Biochem. Pol., 43, 721, 10.18388/abp.1996_4470 Smets, 1999, Glucocorticoid induced apoptosis in leukemia, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 457, 607, 10.1007/978-1-4615-4811-9_67 Tetsuka, 1999, Regulation of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 gene expression by LH and interleukin -1β in cultured rat granulosa cells, J. Endocrinol., 163, 417, 10.1677/joe.0.1630417 Vader Heiden, 1997, Bcl-xL regulates the membrane potential and volume homeostasis of mitochondria, Cell, 91, 627, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80450-X Van Antwerp, 1996, Suppression of TNF-α-induced apoptosis by NFκB, Science, 274, 787, 10.1126/science.274.5288.787 Van der Burg, 1996, Nuclear factor-kappa-B/steroid hormone receptor interactions as a functional basis of anti-inflammatory action of steroids in reproductive organs, Mol. Hum. Reprod., 2, 433, 10.1093/molehr/2.6.433 Waddell, 2000, Apoptosis in rat placenta is Zone-dependent and stimulated by glucocorticoids, Biol. Reprod., 63, 1913, 10.1095/biolreprod63.6.1913 Wang, 1998, NFκB antiapoptosis: induction of TRAF1 and TRAF2 and c-IAP1 and c-IAP2 to suppress caspase-8 activation, Science, 281, 1680, 10.1126/science.281.5383.1680 Webster, 1997, Mouse glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation status influences multiple functions of the receptor protein, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 9287, 10.1074/jbc.272.14.9287 Webster, 1999, Mechanisms of glucocorticoid-receptor-mediated repression of gene expression, Trends Endocrinol. Metab., 10, 396, 10.1016/S1043-2760(99)00186-1 Wen, 1997, Dexamethasone inhibits lung epithelial cell apoptosis induced by IFNγ and Fas, Am. J. Physiol., 273, L921 Werb, 1978, Biochemical actions of glucocorticoids on macrophages in culture. Specific inhibition of elastate, collagenase and plasminogen activator secretion and effects on other metabolic functions, J. Exp. Med., 147, 1695, 10.1084/jem.147.6.1695 Yamamoto, 1998, Inhibition by dexamethasone of transforming growth factor beta1-induced apoptosis in rat hepatoma cells: a possible association with Bcl-xL induction, Hepatology, 27, 959, 10.1002/hep.510270410 Yang, 1996, Molecular thanatopsis: a discourse on the Bcl-2 family and cell death, Blood, 88, 386, 10.1182/blood.V88.2.386.bloodjournal882386 Yong, 2000, Development-related increase in cortisol biosynthesis by human granulosa cells, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 85, 4728, 10.1210/jc.85.12.4728 Yoshida, 2000, Theophylline and cisplatin synergize in down regulation of BCL-2 induction of apoptosis in human granulosa cells transformed by a mutated p53 (p53 val135) and Ha-ras oncogene, Int. J. Oncol., 17, 227 Zhang, 2000, Role of caspases in dexamethasone-induced apoptosis and activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in human eosinophils, Clin. Exp. Immunol., 122, 20, 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2000.01344.x