Nitrogen and phosphorus transfers in a crop-livestock system in West Africa

Abdullahi, 1978, Long term fertility studies at Samaru, Nigeria: Comparative effectiveness of separate and combined applications of mineral fertilizers and farmyard manure in maintaining soil productivity under continuous cultivation in the Savanna Allard, 1981 Anon, 1983, Maize stubble grazing shows weight gain, Northern Territory rural news Bayer, 1982, Small ruminant production: Review of the literature, Working Document. International Livestock Center for Africa, Subhumid Programme, Kaduna, Nigeria Bennett, 1977, Land resources of central Nigeria: Environmental aspects of the Kaduna Plains, Vol. 1. Land forms and soils Bourn, 1983, The dynamics of cattle distribution in the Nigeria Subhumid Zone Breman, 1983, Rangeland productivity and exploration in the Sahel, Science, 221, 1341, 10.1126/science.221.4618.1341 Charreau, 1974, Soils of tropical dry and dry-wet climatic areas of West Africa and their use and management Dennison, 1961, The value of farmyard manure in maintaining fertility in northern Nigeria, Empire Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 29, 330 Dicko, 1980 Goering, 1970, Forage fiber analyses (Apparatus, reagents, procedures and some applications) Haggar, 1970, Seasonal production of Andropogon gaynus. I. Seasonal changes in yield components and chemical composition, Journal of Agricultural Science, 74, 487, 10.1017/S0021859600017597 ILCA, 1984 Jones, 1976, The significance of crop residues to the maintenance of soil fertility under continuous cultivation at Samaru, Nigeria, Journal of Agricultural Science, 86, 117, 10.1017/S0021859600065047 Jones, 1975, Soils of the West African Savanna, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau Technical Communication No. 55 Juo, 1980, Nitrogen profile in a Kaolinitic Alfisol under fallow and continuous cultivation, 181 Juo, 1977, The effect of fallow and continuous cultivation on the chemical and physical properties of an Alfisol in Western Nigeria, Plant and Soil, 47, 567, 10.1007/BF00011027 Kaufmann von, 1986 Lal, 1975, Role of mulching techniques in tropical soil and water management Little, 1980, Observations on the phosphorus requirement of cattle for growth, Research in Veterinary Science, 28, 258, 10.1016/S0034-5288(18)32759-0 Lombin, 1986, Long-term effects of continuous application of fertilizers and manure on a subhumid tropical savannah Inceptisol in Northern Nigeria, Vol. 3, 843 McCown, 1979, The interaction between cultivation and livestock production in semi-arid Africa, 297 McCown, 1985, Evaluation of a no-till, tropical legume ley-farming strategy, 450 Milligan, 1979, Seasonal patterns of cattle and land use in four areas of the Nigerian Subhumid Zone Mohamed-Saleem, 1986, Fodder banks Mohamed-Saleem, 1986, Effect of phosphorus application on the productivity and quality of three Stylosanthes cultivars, Tropical Agriculture, 63, 212 Mohamed-Saleem, 1986, Grain yields and the nitrogen contribution following Stylosanthes pastue in the Nigerian Subhumid Zone, Experimental Agriculture, 22, 207, 10.1017/S0014479700014381 Moorman, 1978, Microvariability of soils in the tropics and its agronomic implications with special reference to West Africa, 29 Norman, 1982 Okigbo, 1984, Improved permanent production systems as an alternative to shifting intermittent cultivation Okigbo, 1984, Shifting cultivation in tropical Africa: Definition and description, 18 Omaliko, 1981, Dung deposition, breakdown and grazing behaviour of beef cattle at two seasons in a tropical grassland ecosystems, Journal of Rangeland Management, 34, 360, 10.2307/3897903 Otchere, 1982, Productivity of traditionally managed white Fulani (Bunaji) cattle in the Subhumid Zone of Nigeria: Herd sizes, structures and reproductive characteristics Perry, 1974, Crop residues grazed by cattle, 21, 21 Powell, 1984, Assessment of dry matter yield from grain yield in the West African Savanna Zone, Journal of Agricultural Science, 103, 695, 10.1017/S0021859600043811 Powell, 1986, Contribution of fractionated crop residues to dry season livestock feed resources in the Abet Plains, central Nigeria, 4, 5 Powell, 1986, Manure for cropping: A case study from central Nigeria, Experimental Agriculture, 22, 15, 10.1017/S0014479700014009 Powell, 1985, Crop residue grazing by Bunaji cattle in Central Nigeria, Tropical Agriculture Ruthenberg, 1980 Siebert, 1978, Partitioning intake and outflow of nitrogen and water in cattle grazing tropical pastures, Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 29, 631, 10.1071/AR9780631 Taylor-Powell, 1986, Costs, benefits and beneficiary perceptions of the ILCA fodder bank programme van Raay, 1975 van Raay, 1971, The importance of crop residue as fodder: A resource analysis in Katsina Province, Nigeria Ward, 1978, Utilization of crop and grain sorghum residues in beef cow forage systems, Journal of Animal Science, 46, 831, 10.2527/jas1978.463831x Watson, 1964, Soil fertility investigations in the middle belt of Nigeria, Empire Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 22, 290 Wild, 1972, Mineralization of soil nitrogen at a savanna site in Nigeria, Experimental Agriculture, 8, 91, 10.1017/S0014479700005032 Wilson, 1983, Providing mulches for no-tillage cropping in the tropics, 51 Young, 1980, Rest period requirements of tropical and subtropical soils under annual crops, 197 Zakari, 1981, Effect of season on the oestrous cycle of cows (Bos indicus) indigenous to northern Nigeria, Veterinary Record, 213, 10.1136/vr.109.11.213