Abdul-Malak, N., 1975. Influence de certains facteurs nutritionnels et écologiques sur le métabolisme d'un pigment caroténoide: la canthaxanthine chez la truite (Salmo gairdneri R.). Thèse Doctorat 3ème cycle, Lyon, 106 pp.
Borowitzka, 1991, Culture of the astaxanthin-producing green alga Haematococcus pluvialis: I. Effects of nutrients on growth and cell type, J. Appl. Phycol., 3, 295, 10.1007/BF02392882
Boujard, 1994, Regulation of voluntary feed intake in juvenile rainbow trout fed by hand or by self-feeders with diets containing two different protein/energy ratios, Aquat. Living Resour., 7, 211, 10.1051/alr:1994023
Boussiba, 1992, Enhancement and determination of astaxanthin accumulation in green alga Haematococcus pluvialis, Methods Enzymol., 213, 386, 10.1016/0076-6879(92)13140-S
Choubert, 1993, Carotenoid pigments of the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis: assay on rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, pigmentation in comparison with synthetic astaxanthin and canthaxanthin, Aquaculture, 112, 217, 10.1016/0044-8486(93)90447-7
Choubert, 1983, Utilization of shrimp meal for rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Rich.) pigmentation. Influence of fat content in the diet, Aquaculture, 32, 19, 10.1016/0044-8486(83)90266-1
Choubert, 1987, Absorption and fate of labelled canthaxanthin 15,15′-3H2 in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Rich.), Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 87 A, 717, 10.1016/0300-9629(87)90388-4
Choubert, 1992, Distribution of canthaxanthin in immature rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss serum, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 103 A, 403, 10.1016/0300-9629(92)90601-L
Choubert, 1994, Response of serum carotenoid levels to dietary astaxanthin and canthaxanthin in immature rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 109 A, 1001, 10.1016/0300-9629(94)90249-6
Choubert, 1995, Utilization of carotenoids from various sources by rainbow trout: muscle colour, carotenoid digestibility and retention, Aquacult. Int., 3, 1, 10.1007/BF00118102
Cordero, 1996, Astaxanthin production from the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis with different stress conditions, Biotechnol. Lett., 18, 213, 10.1007/BF00128682
Czygan, 1968, Secondary carotenoids in green algae: II. Studies on biogenesis, Arch. Mikrobiol., 62, 201
Czygan, 1970, Blutregen and Blutschnee: Stickstoffmangel–Zellen von Haematococcus pluvialis und Chlamydomonas nivalis, Arch. Mikrobiol., 74, 69, 10.1007/BF00408689
Czygan, 1967, Nachweis von 3-Oxi-4,4′-dioxo-β-carotin in den Grünalgen Chlorococcum wimmeri und Haematococcus spec, Z. Naturforsch., 22b, 1085, 10.1515/znb-1967-1026
Erdman, 1988, The physiologic chemistry of carotenes in man, Clin. Nutr., 7, 101
Erdman, 1993, Absorption and transport of carotenoids, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 691, 76, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb26159.x
Fan, 1994, Effect of temperature and irradiance on growth of Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae), J. Phycol., 30, 829, 10.1111/j.0022-3646.1994.00829.x
Fiasson, 1969, Sur l'analyse qualitative et quantitative des caroténoı̈des naturels, Chim. Anal., 51, 227
Field, 1995, Intestinal lipoprotein synthesis and secretion, Prog. Lipid Res., 34, 185, 10.1016/0163-7827(95)00005-K
Folch, 1957, A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues, J. Biol. Chem., 226, 497, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)64849-5
Foss, 1984, Carotenoids diets for salmonids: I. Pigmentation of rainbow trout with individual optical isomers of astaxanthin in comparison with canthaxanthin, Aquaculture, 4, 213, 10.1016/0044-8486(84)90284-9
Foss, 1987, Carotenoids in diets for salmonids: V. Pigmentation of rainbow trout and sea trout with astaxanthin and astaxanthin dipalmitate in comparison with canthaxanthin, Aquaculture, 65, 293, 10.1016/0044-8486(87)90242-0
Geurden, 1998, Relationship between dietary phospholipid classes and neutral lipid absorption in newly-weaned turbot, Scophthalmus maximus, Fish Physiol. Biochem., 19, 217, 10.1023/A:1007723515204
Gobantes, 1997, Astaxanthin and canthaxanthin kinetics after ingestion of individual doses by immature rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, J. Agric. Food. Chem., 45, 454, 10.1021/jf9604605
Goodwin, T.W., 1955. Carotenoids. In Paech, K., Tracey, M.V. (Eds.), Modern Methods of Plant Analysis, Vol. III. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, pp. 272–311.
Goodwin, 1954, Studies in carotenogenesis: II. Carotenoid synthesis in the alga Haematococcus pluvialis, Biochem. J., 57, 376, 10.1042/bj0570376
Guillou, 1992, Absorption and blood clearance of labelled carotenoids (14C-astaxanthin, 3H-cantaxanthin and 3H-zeaxanthin) in mature female rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 103A, 301, 10.1016/0300-9629(92)90584-D
Hata, 1975, Carotenoid pigments in rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri irideus, Tohoku J. Agric. Res., 26, 35
Johnson, 1991, Astaxanthin from microbial sources, Crit. Rev. Biotechnol., 11, 297, 10.3109/07388559109040622
Khare, 1973, Identification of astaxanthin in Scottish salmon, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 45B, 971
Klãui, H., Bauernfeind, J.C., 1981. Carotenoid analytical methods. In: Bauernfeind, J.C. (Ed.), Carotenoids as Colorants and Vitamin A Precursors. Academic Press, New York, pp. 47–317.
Kobayashi, 1991, Astaxanthin production by a green alga Haematococcus pluvialis accompanied with morphological changes in acetate media, J. Ferment. Bioeng., 71, 335, 10.1016/0922-338X(91)90346-I
Kuhn, 1939, Uber die Verbreitung des Astaxanthins im Tierund Pflanzenreich, Ber. Chem. Ges., 72, 1688, 10.1002/cber.19390720911
March, 1990, Intestinal absorption of astaxanthin, plasma astaxanthin concentration, body weight, and metabolic rate as determinants factors of flesh pigmentation in salmonid fish, Aquaculture, 90, 313, 10.1016/0044-8486(90)90255-L
March, 1996, Muscle pigmentation and plasma concentrations of astaxanthin in rainbow trout, chinook salmon, and atlantic salmon in response to different dietary levels of astaxanthin, Prog. Fish-Cult., 58, 178, 10.1577/1548-8640(1996)058<0178:MPAPCO>2.3.CO;2
Nichols, 1964, Trichsarcina polymorpha gen. et sp. nov, J. Phycol., 1, 34, 10.1111/j.1529-8817.1965.tb04552.x
Nickell, 1998, The effect of lipid level on variation of flesh pigmentation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Aquaculture, 161, 237, 10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00273-1
Nierenberg, 1984, Determinations of serum and plasma concentrations of retinol using high performance liquid chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 311, 239, 10.1016/S0378-4347(00)84717-9
Osadca, 1972, Determination of partition coefficients in concentrates and feeds, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 55, 110
Prince, 1993, Beta-carotene accumulation in serum and skin, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 57, 175, 10.1093/ajcn/57.2.175
Renstrøm, 1981, Optical purity of (3S,3′S)-astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis, Phytochemistry, 20, 2561, 10.1016/0031-9422(81)83094-4
Seurman, L., Martinsen, C., Little, A., 1979. The effect of dietary lipid and pigment concentration in the feed of Salmo gairdneri on sensory characteristics and objective measurements of the fish muscle tissue. In: Halver, J.E., Tiews K., (Eds.), Finfish Nutrition and Fishfeed Technology, Vol. 2. Heinemann, Berlin, pp. 402–413.
Schiedt, 1986, Astaxanthin and its metabolites in wild rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri R.), Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 83B, 9
Sommer, 1991, Utilization of microalgal astaxanthin by rainbow trout, Aquaculture, 94, 79, 10.1016/0044-8486(91)90130-Y
Sommer, 1992, Pigmentation of adult rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, using the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis, Aquaculture, 106, 63, 10.1016/0044-8486(92)90250-O
Stacwicz-Sapuntzakis, 1987, Simultaneous determination of serum retinol and various carotenoids: their distribution in middle-aged men and women, J. Micronutr. Anal., 3, 27
Storebakken, 1991, Flesh pigmentation of rainbow trout fed astaxanthin or canthaxanthin at different feeding rates in freshwater and saltwater, Aquaculture, 95, 289, 10.1016/0044-8486(91)90094-N
Storebakken, 1987, Carotenoids in diets for salmonids: IV. Pigmentation of Atlantic salmon with astaxanthin, astaxanthin dipalmitate and canthaxanthin, Aquaculture, 65, 279, 10.1016/0044-8486(87)90241-9
Torrissen, 1985, Pigmentation of salmonids: factors affecting carotenoid deposition in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), Aquaculture, 46, 133, 10.1016/0044-8486(85)90197-8
Torrissen, 1986, Pigmentation of salmonids—a comparison of astaxanthin and canthaxanthin as pigments sources for rainbow trout, Aquaculture, 79, 363, 10.1016/0044-8486(89)90478-X
Torrissen, 1990, Effects dietary canthaxanthin level and lipid level on apparent digestibility coefficients for canthaxanthin in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Aquaculture, 88, 381, 10.1016/0044-8486(90)90160-O
Weber, S., 1988. Determination of stabilised, added astaxanthin in fish feeds and premixes with HPLC. In: Keller, H.E. (Ed.), Analytical Methods for Vitamins and Carotenoids in Feeds. Roche Publication No. 2264, Basel, Switzerland, pp. 59–61.
Wornick, 1960, L'agglomération des aliments composés et ses effets sur les substances auxilliaires, Ind. Alim. Anim., 105, 31
Yong, 1991, A possible role of photoprotection for secondary carotenoids in the cytoplasm of the green alga Haematococcus lacustris (Chlorophyta), Phycologia, 30, 257, 10.2216/i0031-8884-30-3-257.1
Zar, J.H., 1984. Biostatistical Analysis, 2nd edn. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.