A meta-analysis of worldwide studies demonstrates an association between schizophrenia and tobacco smoking behaviors
Tài liệu tham khảo
Aguilar, 2005, Complex interactions between nicotine dependence and symptoms in schizophrenia: a naturalistic study, Br. J. Psychiatry, 186, 225, 10.1192/bjp.186.3.215
Al-Habeeb, 2000, Smoking among male psychiatric outpatients in Saudi Arabia, Ann. Saudi Med., 20, 218, 10.5144/0256-4947.2000.218
Arias-Horcajadas, 1997, Consumo y dependencia de drogas en la esquizophrenia, Actas Luso Esp. Neurol. Psiquiatr., 25, 379
Bejerot, 2003, Low prevalence of smoking in patients with autism spectrum disorders, Psychiatry Res., 119, 177, 10.1016/S0165-1781(03)00123-9
Benowitz, 1988, Pharmacologic aspects of cigarette smoking and nicotine addiction, N. Engl. J. Med., 319, 1318, 10.1056/NEJM198811173192005
Benowitz, 1999, Ethnic differences in N-glucuronidation of nicotine and cotinine, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 291, 1196
Beratis, 2001, Factors affecting smoking in schizophrenia, Compr. Psychiatry, 42, 393, 10.1053/comp.2001.26273
Breslau, 2001, Nicotine dependence in the United States: prevalence, trends and smoking persistence, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 58, 810, 10.1001/archpsyc.58.9.810
Brown, 1999, The unhealthy lifestyle of people with schizophrenia, Psychol. Med., 29, 697, 10.1017/S0033291798008186
Calabresi, 1991, La prevalenza del fumo di tabacco nei pazienti psichiatrici, Minerva Psichiatr., 32, 89
Campo, 2004, Prevalencia de consumo de cigarrillo en pacientes de la consulta psiquiátrica de Bucaramanga, Colomb. Med., 35, 69
Campo-Arias, 1998, Tabaquismo en pacientes psiquiátricos ambulatorios, Revista ABP-APAL, 20, 71
Campo-Arias, 1999, Severidad del tabaquismo en pacientes de la consulta psiquiátrica, Rev. Argent. Psiquiatr. Biol., 6, 21
Campo-Arias, 2004, Anxiety and depressive symptoms among smokers: a population study, Medunab, 7, 4
Caraballo, 1998, Racial and ethnic differences in serum cotinine levels of cigarette smokers, JAMA, 280, 135, 10.1001/jama.280.2.135
Carvajal, 1989, Prevalencia del consumo de cigarrillos en pacientes psiquiatricos, Acta Psiquiatr. Psicol. Am. Lat., 35, 145
Casella, 2002
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1994, Cigarette smoking among adults—United States, 1992, and changes in the definition of current cigarette smoking, MMWR, 43, 342
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1994, Cigarette smoking among adults—United States, 1993, MMWR, 43, 925
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1998, State-specific prevalence among adults of current cigarette smoking and smokeless tobacco use and per capita tax-paid sales of cigarettes—United States, 1997, MMWR, 47, 922
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2001, State-specific prevalence of current cigarette smoking among adults, and policies and attitudes about secondhand smoking—United States, 2000, MMWR, 50, 1101
Challis, 1999, Level of activity and prevalence of smoking in psychiatric patients, Can. J. Psychiatry, 44, 711
Chiles, 1993, Smoking and schizophrenic psychopathology, Am. J. Addict., 2, 315, 10.1111/j.1521-0391.1993.tb00434.x
Chong, 1996, Smoking among Chinese patients with schizophrenia, Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry, 30, 350, 10.3109/00048679609064998
Cohen, 2002, The association between schizophrenia and cancer: a population-based mortality study, Schizophr. Res., 57, 139, 10.1016/S0920-9964(01)00308-5
Combs, 2000, Antipsychotic medication and smoking prevalence in acutely hospitalized patients with chronic schizophrenia, Schizophr. Res., 46, 129, 10.1016/S0920-9964(00)00026-8
Corrao, 2000
Covey, 1994, Ever-smoking, quitting, and psychiatric disorders: evidence from the Durham, North Carolina, and Epidemiological Catchment Area, Tob. Control, 3, 222, 10.1136/tc.3.3.222
Cytel Software Co., 2000
Dalack, 1998, Nicotine dependence in schizophrenia: clinical phenomena and laboratory findings, Am. J. Psychiatry, 155, 1490, 10.1176/ajp.155.11.1490
de Leon, 1996, Smoking and vulnerability for schizophrenia, Schizophr. Bull., 22, 405, 10.1093/schbul/22.3.405
de Leon, 2002, Smoking in bipolar and schizophrenic patients, J. Clin. Psychiatry, 63, 368, 10.4088/JCP.v63n0415d
de Leon, 1995, Schizophrenia and smoking: an epidemiological survey in a state hospital, Am. J. Psychiatry, 152, 453, 10.1176/ajp.152.3.453
de Leon, 2002, Schizophrenia and tobacco smoking: a replication study in another US psychiatric hospital, Schizophr. Res., 56, 55, 10.1016/S0920-9964(01)00192-X
de Leon, 2002, Initiation of daily smoking and nicotine dependence in schizophrenia and mood disorders, Schizophr. Res., 56, 47, 10.1016/S0920-9964(01)00217-1
de Leon, 2002, The association between high nicotine dependence and severe mental illness may be consistent across countries, J. Clin. Psychiatry, 63, 812, 10.4088/JCP.v63n0911
de Leon, 2003, Exploring brief measures of nicotine dependence, Addict. Behav., 28, 1481, 10.1016/S0306-4603(02)00264-2
de Leon, 2003, Plasma cotinine, 3′-hydroxycotinine and their glucuronides in Caucasian and African American smokers, J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 23, 209, 10.1097/00004714-200304000-00018
Diaz, F.J., Jané, M., Saltó, E., Pardell, H., Salleras, Ll., Pinet, C., de Leon, J., in press. A brief measure of high nicotine dependence for busy clinicians and large epidemiological surveys. Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 39, 161–168.
Diwan, 1998, Different prevalence of cigarette smoking in patients with schizophrenia vs. mood disorders, Schizophr. Res., 33, 113, 10.1016/S0920-9964(98)00045-0
Einat, 2002, Dr. Einat replies, J. Clin. Psychiatry, 63, 369, 10.4088/JCP.v63n0415e
El-Guebaly, 1992, Schizophrenia and substance abuse: prevalence issues, Can. J. Psychiatry, 37, 704, 10.1177/070674379203701006
Etter, 2004, Stages of change in smokers with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and in the general population, Schizophr. Bull., 30, 359
Fagerstrom, 1996, Nicotine dependence versus smoking prevalence: comparison among countries and categories of smokers, Tob. Control, 5, 52, 10.1136/tc.5.1.52
Fowler, 1998, Patterns of current and lifetime substance use and abuse, Schizophr. Bull., 24, 443, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033339
Freedman, 1997, Linkage of a neurophysiological deficit in schizophrenia to a chromosome 15 locus, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 94, 587, 10.1073/pnas.94.2.587
Gerber, 2003, Substance use among persons with serious mental illness in eastern Ontario, Can. J. Community Ment. Health, 22, 113, 10.7870/cjcmh-2003-0008
Ghisays, 1996, Prevalencia de tabaquismo en pacientes de la consulta psiquiátrica, Biomédica, 16, 52, 10.7705/biomedica.v16i1.891
Giovino, 1994, Surveillance for selected tobacco-use behaviors—United States, 1900–1994, MMWR, 43, 1
Glynn, 1990, Why patients smoke, Hosp. Comm. Psychiatry, 41, 1027
Goff, 1992, Cigarette smoking in schizophrenia: relationship to psychopathology and medication side effects, Am. J. Psychiatry, 149, 1189, 10.1176/ajp.149.9.1189
Gonzalez-Pinto, 1998, Tobacco smoking and bipolar disorder, J. Clin. Psychiatry, 59, 225, 10.4088/JCP.v59n0503
Gurpegui, 2005, Smoking initiation and schizophrenia: a replication study in a Spanish sample, Schizophr. Res., 76, 10.1016/j.schres.2004.12.007
Haddock, 1999, A study of the psychometric and predictive properties of the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence in a population of young smokers, Nicotine Tob. Res., 1, 59, 10.1080/14622299050011161
Heatherton, 1991, The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire, Br. J. Addict., 86, 1119, 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x
Heatherton, 1998, Measuring the heaviness of smoking: using self-reported time to the first cigarette of the day and number of cigarettes per day, Br. J. Addict., 84, 791, 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1989.tb03059.x
Henningfeld, 1991, Is nicotine more addictive than cocaine?, Br. J. Addict., 86, 565, 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01809.x
Herrán, 2000, Determinants of smoking behavior in outpatients with schizophrenia, Schizophr. Res., 41, 373, 10.1016/S0920-9964(99)00082-1
Himelhoch, 2004, Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among those with serious mental illness, Am. J. Psychiatry, 161, 2317, 10.1176/appi.ajp.161.12.2317
Hymowitz, 1997, Cigarette smoking among patients with mental retardation and mental illness, Psychiatr. Serv., 48, 100, 10.1176/ps.48.1.100
Hughes, 2001, Distinguishing nicotine dependence from smoking: why it matters to tobacco control and psychiatry, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 58, 817, 10.1001/archpsyc.58.9.817
Hughes, 1986, Prevalence of smoking among psychiatric outpatients, Am. J. Psychiatry, 143, 993, 10.1176/ajp.143.8.993
Itkin, 2001, Smoking habits in bipolar and schizophrenic outpatients in southern Israel, J. Clin. Psychiatry, 62, 269, 10.4088/JCP.v62n0409
Kelly, 1999, Smoking habits, current symptoms, and premorbid characteristics of schizophrenic patients in Nithsdale, Scotland, Am. J. Psychiatry, 156, 1751
Kendler, 1993, Smoking and major depression: a casual analysis, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 50, 36, 10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820130038007
Kopala, 2001, Impaired olfactory identification in relatives of patients with familial schizophrenia, Am. J. Psychiatry, 158, 1286, 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.8.1286
Kozlowski, 1994, Predicting smoking cessation with self-reported measures of nicotine dependence: FTQ, FTND, and HIS, Drug Alcohol Depend., 34, 211, 10.1016/0376-8716(94)90158-9
Lasser, 2000, Smoking and mental illness: a population-based prevalence study, JAMA, 284, 2606, 10.1001/jama.284.20.2606
Leonard, 2002, Association of promoter variants in the α7 nicotine acetylcholine receptor gene with an inhibitory deficit found in schizophrenia, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 59, 1085, 10.1001/archpsyc.59.12.1085
Liao, 2002, Smoking in chronic schizophrenic inpatients in Taiwan, Neuropsychobiology, 45, 172, 10.1159/000063666
LLerena, 2003, Schizophrenia and tobacco smoking in a Spanish psychiatric hospital, Schizophr. Res., 60, 313, 10.1016/S0920-9964(02)00508-X
Lohr, 1992, Smoking and schizophrenia, Schizophr. Res., 8, 93, 10.1016/0920-9964(92)90024-Y
Luchins, 1992, Repetitive behaviors in chronically institutionalized schizophrenic patients, Schizophr. Res., 8, 119, 10.1016/0920-9964(92)90027-3
Lyons, 2002, Nicotine and familial vulnerability to schizophrenia: a discordant twin study, J. Abnorm. Psychology, 111, 687, 10.1037/0021-843X.111.4.687
McCreadie, 2002, Use of drugs, alcohol, and tobacco by people with schizophrenia: case-control study, Br. J. Psychiatry, 181, 321, 10.1192/bjp.181.4.321
Mackay, 2002
Margolese, 2004, Drug and alcohol use among patients with schizophrenia and related psychoses: levels and consequences, Schizophr. Res., 67, 157, 10.1016/S0920-9964(02)00523-6
Masterson, 1984, Smoking and malignancy in schizophrenia, Br. J. Psychiatry, 145, 429, 10.1192/bjp.145.4.429
McChargue, 2002, Would smokers with schizophrenia benefit from a more flexible approach to smoking treatment?, Addiction, 97, 785, 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00064.x
McEvoy, 1999, Smoking in first-episode patients with schizophrenia, Am. J. Psychiatry, 156, 1120
Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo de España, 1996
MinisteriodeSanidadyConsumodeEspaña, 1999
Mori, 2003, Smoking habits in Japanese patients with schizophrenia, Psychiatry Res., 120, 207, 10.1016/S0165-1781(03)00191-4
O'Farrell, 1983, Addictive behaviors among hospitalized psychiatric patients, Addict. Behav., 8, 329, 10.1016/0306-4603(83)90032-1
Olincy, 1997, Increased levels of nicotine metabolite cotinine in schizophrenic smokers compared to other smokers, Biol. Psychiatry, 42, 1, 10.1016/S0006-3223(96)00302-2
Patkar, 2002, Relationship between tobacco smoking and positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, J. of Nerv. Ment. Dis., 190, 604, 10.1097/00005053-200209000-00005
Payne, 1994, Assessing nicotine dependence: a comparison of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ) with the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) in a clinical sample, Addict. Behav., 19, 307, 10.1016/0306-4603(94)90032-9
Perez-Stable, 1997, Nicotine metabolism and intake in black and white smokers, JAMA, 280, 152, 10.1001/jama.280.2.152
Physicians for a Smoke-free Canada, 2002
Pomerleau, 1994, Reliability of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, Addict. Behav., 19, 33, 10.1016/0306-4603(94)90049-3
Poirier, 2002, Prevalence of smoking in psychiatric patients, Prog. Neuro-psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry, 26, 529, 10.1016/S0278-5846(01)00304-9
Reddy, 2003, Reduced plasma antioxidants in first-episode patients with schizophrenia, Schizophr. Res., 62, 205, 10.1016/S0920-9964(02)00407-3
Salokangas, R.K.R., Stengård, E., Honkonen, T,. Koivisto, A.-M., Saarinen, S., 2000. Sairaalasta yhteiskuntaan. Seurantatutkimus sairaalasta kotiuttamisen vaikutuksista skitsofreniapotilaan elämään ja hoitotilanteeseen. (From hospital to the community. Follow-up studies on the effects of discharge from hospital to the life and treatment situation of patients with schizophrenia; in Finnish) STAKES, Raportteja 248, Helsinki.
Sandyk, 1991, Tobacco addiction as a marker of age at onset of schizophrenia, Int. J. Neurosci., 57, 259, 10.3109/00207459109150699
Simon, 1999
SPSS Inc., 1999
Srinivasan, 2002, Smoking in schizophrenia—all is not biological, Schizophr. Res., 56, 67, 10.1016/S0920-9964(01)00187-6
SNRT Subcommittee on Biochemical Verification, 2002, Biochemical verification of tobacco use and cessation, Nicotine Tob. Res., 4, 149, 10.1080/14622200210123581
Steinberg, 2005, Applicability of the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence in smokers with schizophrenia, Addict. Behav., 30, 49, 10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.04.012
Steinert, 1996, Beeinfluβt Dauerhospitalisierung die kardiovasculäre Morbidität bei Schizophrenen? (Does long-term hospitalization modify cardiovascular morbidity in schizophrenic patients?), Fortschr. Neurol. Psychiatr., 64, 212, 10.1055/s-2007-996388
Suárez, 1996, Tabaquismo y trastornos mentales, Acta Médica Colombiana, 21, 317
Taiminen, 1998, Smoking and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia : a pilot study, Addict. Behav., 23, 263, 10.1016/S0306-4603(97)00028-2
Tanskanen, 1998, Smoking among psychiatric patients, Eur. J. Psychiatry, 12, 109
Tracy, 1996, Repetitive behaviors in schizophrenia: discrete symptoms or single disturbance, Schizophr. Res., 20, 221, 10.1016/0920-9964(95)00104-2
Uzun, 2003, Smoking and substance abuse in outpatients with schizophrenia: a 2-year follow-up study in Turkey, Drug Alcohol Depend., 70, 187, 10.1016/S0376-8716(02)00362-9
Vanable, 2003, Smoking among psychiatric outpatients: relationship to substance use, diagnosis, and illness severity, Psychol. Addict. Behav., 17, 259, 10.1037/0893-164X.17.4.259
Weiser, 2004, Higher rates of cigarette smoking in male adolescents before the onset of schizophrenia, Am. J. Psychiatry, 161, 1219, 10.1176/appi.ajp.161.7.1219
Wilcox, 2001
World Health Organization (WHO), 1997. Tobacco or health: a global status report. Country profiles by region. Office on Smoking and Health of the CDC's National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health promotion, Geneva.
Zammit, 2003, Investigating the association between cigarette smoking and schizophrenia in a cohort study, Am. J. Psychiatry, 160, 2216, 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.12.2216
Ziedonis, 1994, Nicotine dependence and schizophrenia, Hosp. Comm. Psychiatry, 45, 204