Distribution, origin, and potential toxicological significance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments of Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan

APHA, 2001. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st ed., American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C. Baumard, 1998, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments and mussels of the western Mediterranean Sea, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 17, 765, 10.1002/etc.5620170501 Budzinski, 1997, Evaluation of sediment contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Gironde estuary, Mar. Chem., 58, 85, 10.1016/S0304-4203(97)00028-5 Casado-Martínez, 2006, Using sediment quality guidelines for dredged material management in commercial ports from Spain, Environ. Int., 32, 388, 10.1016/j.envint.2005.09.003 Chen, 2007, Distribution and accumulation of heavy metals in the sediments of Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan, Chemosphere, 66, 1431, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.09.030 Chiou, 1998, Partition characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on soils and sediments, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 264, 10.1021/es970614c De Luca, 2005, Nature distribution and origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the sediments of Olbia Harbor (Northern Sardinia, Italy), Mar. Pollut. Bull., 50, 1223, 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.04.021 Fang, 2003, Distribution and source recognition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sediments of Hsin-Ta Harbour and adjacent coastal areas Taiwan, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 46, 941, 10.1016/S0025-326X(03)00099-7 Guinan, 2001, Sources and geochemical constraints of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments and mussels of two Northern Irish Sea-Loughs, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 42, 1073, 10.1016/S0025-326X(01)00077-7 Hong, 1995, Environmental fate and chemistry of organic pollutants in the sediment of Xiamen Harbour and Victoria Harbour, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 31, 229, 10.1016/0025-326X(95)00115-4 Hung, 2004, Present state and historical changes of trace metal pollution in Kaoping coastal sediments, southwestern Taiwan, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 49, 986, 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.06.028 Kim, 1999, Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from Kyeonggi Bay, Korea, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 38, 7, 10.1016/S0025-326X(99)80006-X Li, 2006, Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, China, Environ. Pollut., 144, 985, 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.01.047 Long, 1995, Incidence of adverse biological effects within ranges of chemical concentrations in marine and estuary sediments, Environ. Manage., 19, 81, 10.1007/BF02472006 Magi, 2002, Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sediments of the Adriatic Sea, Environ. Pollut., 119, 91, 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00321-9 Mostafa, 2003, Composition, distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of the western harbour of Alexandria, Egypt, J. Soils Sediments, 3, 173, 10.1065/jss2003.02.069 Nadal, 2004, Levels of PAHs in soil and vegetation samples from Tarragona County, Spain, Environ. Pollut., 132, 1, 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.04.003 Oen, 2006, Relation between PAH and black carbon contents in size fractions of Norwegian harbor sediments, Environ. Pollut., 141, 370, 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.08.033 Pereira, 1999, Sedimentary record of anthropogenic and biogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in San Francisco Bay, California, Mar. Chem., 64, 99, 10.1016/S0304-4203(98)00087-5 Peters, 1999, Long-term composition dynamics of PAH-containing NAPLs and implications for risk assessment, Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, 4499, 10.1021/es981203e Qiao, 2006, Composition, sources, and potential toxicological significance of PAHs in the surface sediments of the Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, China, Environ. Int., 32, 28, 10.1016/j.envint.2005.04.005 Salvo, 2005, Fungal communities in PAH-impacted sediments of Genoa-Voltri Harbour (NW Mediterranean, Italy), Mar. Pollut. Bull., 50, 553, 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.01.001 Savinov, 2003, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorines (OCs) in bottom sediments of the Guba Pechenga, Barents Sea, Russia, Sci. Total Environ., 306, 39, 10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00483-7 Soclo, 2000, Origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coastal marine sediments: case studies in Cotonou (Benin) and Aquitaine (France) areas, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 40, 387, 10.1016/S0025-326X(99)00200-3 Sprovieri, 2007, Heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in surface sediments of the Naples harbour (southern Italy), Chemosphere, 67, 998, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.10.055 Storelli, 2000, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon distributions in sediments from the Mar Picol, Ionian Sea, Italy, B. Environ. Contam. Tox., 65, 537, 10.1007/s001280000157 Stout, 2004, Comparative evaluation of background anthropogenic hydrocarbons in surficial sediments from nine urban waterway, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 2987, 10.1021/es040327q Sverdrup, 2002, Soil ecotoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in relation to soil sorption, lipophilicity, and water solubility, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 2429, 10.1021/es010180s Tam, 2001, Contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of Mangrove Swamps, Environ. Pollut., 114, 255, 10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00212-8 Tolun, 2001, The pollution status and the toxicity of surface sediments in Izmit Bay (Marmara Sea), Turkey, Environ. Int., 26, 163, 10.1016/S0160-4120(00)00096-9 Ünlü, 2006, Distribution and sources of hydrocarbons in surface sediments of Gemlik Bay (Marmara Sea, Turkey), Chemosphere, 65, 764, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.10.064 US EPA, 1993. Provisional Guidance for Quantitative Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, EPA/600/R/089, Washington, DC: Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency. van Metre, 2000, Urban sprawl leaves its PAH signature, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 4064, 10.1021/es991007n Viguri, 2002, Environmental assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments of the Santander Bay, Northern Spain, Chemosphere, 48, 157, 10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00105-4 Wang, 2001, Distribution and partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in different size fractions in sediments from Boston Harbor, United States, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 42, 1139, 10.1016/S0025-326X(01)00129-1 Yang, 2000, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sediments of the South China Sea, Environ. Pollut., 108, 163, 10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00245-6 Yunker, 2002, PAHs in the Fraser River Basin: a critical appraisal of PAH ratios as indicators of PAH source and composition, Org. Geochem., 33, 489, 10.1016/S0146-6380(02)00002-5 Zakaria, 2002, Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in rivers and estuaries in Malaysia: a widespread input of petrogenic PAHs, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 1907, 10.1021/es011278+ Zhang, 2004, Distribution and sources of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in mangrove surficial sediments of Deep Bay, China, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 49, 479, 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.02.030