Is There an Association Between Duration of Untreated Psychosis and 24-Month Clinical Outcome in a First-Admission Series?

Bromet E, Harrow M, Kasl S: Premorbid functioning and outcome in schizophrenics. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1974; 30:203–207

Stephens JH, Astrup C, Mangrum JC: Prognostic factors in recovered and deteriorated schizophrenics. Am J Psychiatry 1966; 122:1116–1121

Jablensky A, Sartorius N, Ernberg G, Anker M, Korten A, Cooper JE, Day R, Bertelsen A: Schizophrenia: manifestations, incidence and course in different cultures: a World Health Organization ten-country study. Psychol Med Monogr Suppl 1992; 20:1–97

Herron WG: Evaluating the process-reactive dimension. Schizophr Bull 1987; 13:357–359

Harrow M, Westermeyer JF: Process-reactive dimension and outcome for narrow concepts of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1987; 13:361–367

Crow TJ, MacMillan JF, Johnson AL, Johnstone EC: A randomized controlled trial of prophylactic neuroleptic treatment. Br J Psychiatry 1986; 148:120–127

May PRA, Tuma AH, Dixon WJ, Yale C, Thiele DA, Kraude WH: Schizophrenia: a follow-up study of the results of five forms of treatment. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1981; 38:776–784

Carpenter WT Jr, McGlashan TH, Strauss JS: The treatment of acute schizophrenia without drugs: an investigation of some current assumptions. Am J Psychiatry 1977; 134:14–20

Loebel AD, Lieberman JA, Alvir JMJ, Mayerhoff DI, Geisler SH, Szymanski SR: Duration of psychosis and outcome in first-episode schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1992; 149:1183–1188

Robinson D, Woerner MG, Alvir JM, Bilder R, Goldman R, Geisler S, Koreen A, Sheitman D, Chakos M, Mayerhoff D, Lieberman JA: Predictors of relapse following response from a first episode of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999; 56:241–247

Rothman KF, Michels KD: The continuing unethical use of placebo controls. N Engl J Med 1994; 331:394–398

Spitzer RL, Williams JBW, Gibbon M, First MB: The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID), I: history, rationale, and description. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992; 49:624–629

Fennig S, Craig T, Lavelle J, Kovasznay B, Bromet EJ: Best-estimate versus structured interview-based diagnosis in first admission psychosis. Compr Psychiatry 1994; 35:341–348

Andreasen NC, Arndt S, Alliger R, Miller D, Flaum M: Symptoms of schizophrenia: methods, meanings, and mechanisms. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995; 52:341–351

Woerner M, Manuzza S, Kane J: Anchoring the BPRS: an aid to improved reliability. Psychopharmacol Bull 1988; 24:112–124

Hamilton M: A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1960; 23:56–62

Beck AT, Weissman A, Lester D, Trexler L: The measurement of pessimism: the Hopelessness Scale. J Consult Clin Psychol 1974; 42:861–865

Meltzer HY: Treatment of the neuroleptic-nonresponsive schizophrenic patient. Schizophr Bull 1992; 18:515–542

Johnstone EC, Crow TJ, Johnson AL, MacMillan JF: The Northwick Park study of first episodes of schizophrenia, I: presentation of the illness and problems relating to admission. Br J Psychiatry 1986; 148:115–120

Coryell W, Tsuang MT: DSM-III schizophreniform disorder: comparisons with schizophrenia and affective disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982; 39:66–69

Larsen TK, McGlashan TH, Moe LC: First-episode schizophrenia, I: early course parameters. Schizophr Bull 1996; 22:241–256

Anzai N, Okazaki Y, Miyauchi M, Harada S-I, Kan Y, Sasaki T, Kumagai N, Shikiba N, Iwanomi A, Iida S, Hiramatsu K-I, Niwa S-I, Otha M: Early neuroleptic medication within one year after onset can reduce risk of later relapses in schizophrenic patients. Annual Report of the Pharmacopsychiatric Research Foundation 1988; 19:258–265

Rabiner CJ, Wegner JT, Kane JM: Outcome study of first-episode psychosis, I: relapse rates after 1 year. Am J Psychiatry 1986; 143:1155–1158

Haas GL, Sweeney JA: Premorbid and onset features of first episode schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1992; 18:373–386