Numerical modeling and optimization of thermal stratification in solar hot water storage tanks for domestic applications: CFD study

Abdelhak, 2015, Cfd analysis of thermal stratification in domestic hot water storage tank during dynamic mode, 421 Adolfo, 2014, Numerical analysis of a thermal storage tank as part of a 20kW solar/gas adsorption air conditioning system, Energy Proc., 57, 2600, 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.10.271 Ali, 2015, Study on thermal-fluid effect of thermal energy storage tank design in solar energy applications, Energy Proc., 68, 3, 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.03.226 Allouche, 2016, Validation of a {CFD} model for the simulation of heat transfer in a tubes-in-tank {PCM} storage unit, Renew. Energy, 89, 371, 10.1016/j.renene.2015.12.038 Altuntop, 2005, Effect of obstacles on thermal stratification in hot water storage tanks, Appl. Therm. Eng., 25, 2285, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2004.12.013 Bonanos, 2016, Sensitivity analysis for thermocline thermal storage tank design, Renew. Energy, 99, 764, 10.1016/j.renene.2016.07.052 Brown, 2011, Enhanced thermal stratification in a liquid storage tank with a porous manifold, Solar Energy, 85, 1409, 10.1016/j.solener.2011.03.024 Cascetta, 2016, A comparison between {CFD} simulation and experimental investigation of a packed-bed thermal energy storage system, Appl. Therm. Eng., 98, 1263, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.01.019 Castell, 2010, Dimensionless numbers used to characterize stratification in water tanks for discharging at low flow rates, Renew. Energy, 35, 2192, 10.1016/j.renene.2010.03.020 Dragsted, 2017, Thermal stratification built up in hot water tank with different inlet stratifiers, Solar Energy, 147, 414, 10.1016/j.solener.2017.03.008 Erdemir, 2016, Improved thermal stratification with obstacles placed inside the vertical mantled hot water tanks, Appl. Therm. Eng., 100, 20, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.01.069 Fan, 2012, Thermal stratification in a hot water tank established by heat loss from the tank, Solar Energy, 86, 3460, 10.1016/j.solener.2012.07.026 Gandhi, 2013, Reduction in thermal stratification in two phase natural convection in rectangular tanks: {CFD} simulations and {PIV} measurements, Chem. Eng. Sci., 100, 300, 10.1016/j.ces.2013.02.064 García-Marí, 2013, A new inlet device that enhances thermal stratification during charging in a hot water storage tank, Appl. Therm. Eng., 61, 663, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.08.023 Gasque, 2015, Study of the influence of inner lining material on thermal stratification in a hot water storage tank, Appl. Therm. Eng., 75, 344, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.10.040 Göppert, 2009, New computation method for stratification pipes of solar storage tanks, Solar Energy, 83, 1578, 10.1016/j.solener.2009.05.007 Gross, 1987, Dispersion over and around a steep obstacle for varying thermal stratification–numerical simulations, Atmos. Environ., 21, 483, 10.1016/0004-6981(87)90031-X Gyüre, 2003, Stratified flow over asymmetric and double bell-shaped obstacles, Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 37, 155, 10.1016/S0377-0265(03)00030-7 Haller, 2010, A method to determine stratification efficiency of thermal energy storage processes independently from storage heat losses, Solar Energy, 84, 997, 10.1016/j.solener.2010.03.009 Jin, 2017, Experimental investigation of a novel multi-tank thermal energy storage system for solar-powered air conditioning, Appl. Therm. Eng. Jordan, 2005, Thermal stratification in small solar domestic storage tanks caused by draw-offs, Solar Energy, 78, 291, 10.1016/j.solener.2004.09.011 Joseph, 2016, Effect of insulation thickness on pressure evolution and thermal stratification in a cryogenic tank, Appl. Therm. Eng. Kaloudis, 2016, Numerical simulations of constant-influx gravity currents in confined spaces: application to thermal storage tanks, Int. J. Therm. Sci., 108, 1, 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2016.04.018 Kassemi, 2016, Effect of interfacial turbulence and accommodation coefficient on cfd predictions of pressurization and pressure control in cryogenic storage tank, Cryogenics, 74, 138, 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2015.10.018 Kong, 2016, {CFD} simulations of thermal stratification heat storage water tank with an inside cylinder with openings, Proc. Eng., 146, 394, 10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.419 Meng, 2017, Experimental and numerical investigation of a tube-in-tank latent thermal energy storage unit using composite {PCM}, Appl. Energy, 190, 524, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.12.163 Miana, 2011, Enhancement of the thermal design of bitumen emulsion tanks by scale analysis, {CFD} models and experimental tests, Appl. Energy, 88, 4106, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.03.026 Nash, 2017, Dynamic modeling of a sensible thermal energy storage tank with an immersed coil heat exchanger under three operation modes, Appl. Energy, 195, 877, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.03.092 Rahman, 2016, Performance modeling and parametric study of a stratified water thermal storage tank, Appl. Therm. Eng., 100, 668, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.01.163 Reddy, 2017, Performance investigation of single-tank thermocline storage systems for {CSP} plants, Solar Energy, 144, 740, 10.1016/j.solener.2017.02.012 Saghi, 2017, Optimization of the rectangular storage tanks for the sloshing phenomena based on the entropy generation minimization, Energy, 128, 564, 10.1016/j.energy.2017.04.075 Tay, 2012, Experimental validation of a cfd model for tubes in a phase change thermal energy storage system, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 55, 574, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2011.10.054 Votyakov, 2015, Algebraic model for thermocline thermal storage tank with filler material, Solar Energy, 122, 1154, 10.1016/j.solener.2015.10.047 Wang, 2015, Selection of permeability for optimum performance of a porous tube thermal stratification manifold, Solar Energy, 122, 472, 10.1016/j.solener.2015.09.018 Wang, 2017, Performance of a rigid porous-tube stratification manifold in comparison to an inlet pipe, Solar Energy, 146, 298, 10.1016/j.solener.2017.02.045 Wang, 2017, Experimental and numerical research of thermal stratification with a novel inlet in a dynamic hot water storage tank, Renew. Energy, 111, 353, 10.1016/j.renene.2017.04.007 Wang, 2017, The thermal stratification characteristics affected by a novel equalizer in a dynamic hot water storage tank, Appl. Therm. Eng., 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.06.045 Yee, 2001, Effects of a porous manifold on thermal stratification in a liquid storage tank, Solar Energy, 71, 241, 10.1016/S0038-092X(01)00043-3 Zachár, 2003, Numerical analyses of the impact of plates for thermal stratification inside a storage tank with upper and lower inlet flows, Solar Energy, 74, 287, 10.1016/S0038-092X(03)00188-9