Alebraheem J, Abu-Hasan Y (2011) The effects of capture efficiency on the coexistence of a predator in a two predators–one prey model. J Appl Sci 11:3717–3724
Alebraheem J, Abu-Hasan Y (2012) Persistence of predators in a two predators–one prey model with non-periodic solution. Appl Math Sci 6(19):943–956
Freedman HI, Waltman P (1984) Persistence in models of three interacting predator–prey populations. Math Biosci 68:213–231
Bruce KE (2001) Nonlinear dynamics and chaos. In: Encyclopedia of life sciences, vol 13. Macmillan Publishers Ltd, Nature Publishing Group, New York, pp 255–263
Kuang Y, Beretta E (1998) Global qualitative analysis of a ratio-dependent predator–prey system. J Math Biol 36:389–406
Lv S, Zhao M (2008) The dynamic complexity of a three species food chain model. Chaos Solitons Fractals 37:1469–1480
Murray J (2002) Mathematical biology: I. In: An introduction, 3rd edn. Springer, New York
Naji RK, Balasim AT (2007) Dynamical behavior of a three species food chain model with Beddington–DeAngelis functional response. Chaos Solitons Fractals 32:1853–1866
Shahruz SM (2000) Generation of self-pulsation in passively Q-switched lasers. Phys D 142:291–305
Upadhyay RK, Naji RK (2009) Dynamics of a three species food chain model with Crowley–Martin type functional response. Chaos Solitons Fractals 42:1337–1346
Yu H, Zhao M (2009) Dynamic behavior of a three-species ecological system with the Beddington–DeAngelis functional response. In: Chaos–fractals theories and applications. IWCFTA ’09. International workshop on chaos–fractals theories and applications, Shenyang, pp 346–350