The need for new paradigms for complex projects

This is a version of a paper which formed the opening session of a workshop on managing and modelling complex projects. In order to introduce the theme, it discusses what constitutes project complexity. It aims to be inclusive rather than exclusive. Highlighted are structural complexity, the number and interdependence of elements (following a paper by Baccarini) and uncertainty in goals and means (following a paper by Turner and Cochrane). The paper considers whether these aspects can be operationalised. It gives some ideas about why project complexity might be considered to be increasing, in particular the increasing complexity of products being developed, and moves towards shorter timescales. Finally, it notes some areas where new methods are needed.