1Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
2Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
3Heart Rhythm Section, Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
4Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Department of Health Sciences Research, Rochester, MN, United States
5Optum Labs, Cambridge, MA, United States