Resurrecting the ghost of green revolutions past: The brown planthopper as a recurring threat to high-yielding rice production in tropical Asia

Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology - Tập 15 - Trang 122-140 - 2012
Dale G. Bottrell1, Kenneth G. Schoenly2
1Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
2Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Stanislaus, Turlock, CA 95382, USA

Tài liệu tham khảo

Alam, 1998, Durability of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, resistance in rice variety IR64 in greenhouse selection studies, Entomol. Exp. Appl., 89, 71, 10.1046/j.1570-7458.1998.00383.x Almazan, 1992, Fall-off rates of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and efficiency of the predator Limnogonus fossarum (F.), Int. Rice Res. Notes., 17, 17 Andow, 1991, Vegetational diversity and arthropod population response, Annu. Rev. Entomol., 36, 561, 10.1146/annurev.en.36.010191.003021 Arida, 1994, Sampling spiders during the rice fallow period, Int. Rice Res. Notes., 19, 20 Athwal, 1971, Genetics of resistance to brown planthoppers and green leafhoppers in Oryza sativa L, Crop Sci., 11, 747, 10.2135/cropsci1971.0011183X001100050043x Atsatt, 1976, Plant defense guilds, Science, 193, 24, 10.1126/science.193.4247.24 Awmack, 2002, Host plant quality and fecundity in herbivorous insects, Annu. Rev. Entomol., 47, 817, 10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145300 Bae, S.D., 1995. Effect of temperature on the biology of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), and its symbiote population. Ph.D. Thesis, Entomol., Gyeong-Sang Natl. Univ., Chinju, South Korea. Bae, 1970, Life history of Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae) and susceptibility of rice cultivars to its attacks, Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am., 63, 149, 10.1093/aesa/63.1.149 Bae, 1987, Effects of temperature conditions on the growth and oviposition of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål, Korean J. Plant Prot., 26, 13 Bambaradeniya, 2004, Biodiversity associated with an irrigated rice agro-ecosystem in Sri Lanka, Biodivers. Conserv., 13, 1715, 10.1023/B:BIOC.0000029331.92656.de Bandong, 2002, Insecticide decision protocols: a case study of untrained Filipino rice farmers, Crop Prot., 21, 803, 10.1016/S0261-2194(02)00043-1 Barbosa, 2009, Associational resistance and associational susceptibility: having right or wrong neighbors, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst., 40, 1, 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120242 Beevi, 2000, Hymenopteran diversity in single- and double-cropped rice ecosystems in Kerala, India. Int. Rice Res. Notes., 25, 20 Bonman, 1992, Breeding rice for resistance to pests, Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 30, 507, 10.1146/annurev.py.30.090192.002451 Bosque-Pérez, 1992, The development of host-plant resistance to insect pests: outlook for the tropics, 235 Bottrell, 1998, Manipulating natural enemies by plant variety selection and modification: a realistic strategy?, Annu. Rev. Entomol., 43, 347, 10.1146/annurev.ento.43.1.347 Bouldin, 1986, The chemistry and biology of flooded soils in relation to the nitrogen economy in rice fields, 1 Bouman, 2001, Water-efficient management strategies in rice production, Int. Rice Res. Notes, 26, 17 Bouman, 2007 Brar, 2009, Breeding for resistance to planthoppers in rice, 401 1993 Cabauatan, 2009, Rice viruses transmitted by the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens Stål, 357 Cabunagan, 2001, Synchrony of planting and proportions of susceptible varieties affect rice tungro disease epidemics in the Philippines, Crop Prot., 20, 499, 10.1016/S0261-2194(01)00017-5 Cappuccino, 1998, Spruce budworm impact, abundance and parasitism rate in a patchy landscape, Oecologia, 114, 236, 10.1007/s004420050441 Catindig, 2009, Situation of planthoppers in Asia, 191 CEQ, 1972, Integrated Pest Management Chandler, 1975, The succession of mosquito species (Diptera, Culicidae) in rice fields in the Kisumu area of Kenya, and their possible control, Bull. Entomol. Res., 65, 295, 10.1017/S0007485300005988 Chelliah, 1980, Effect of sub-lethal doses of three insecticides on the reproductive rate of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, on rice, Environ. Entomol., 9, 778, 10.1093/ee/9.6.778 Chelliah, 1980, Factors affecting insecticide-induced resurgence of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens on rice, Environ. Entomol., 9, 773, 10.1093/ee/9.6.773 Chen, 2009, Variation in planthopper–rice interactions: possible interactions among three species?, 315 Chen, 1981, Studies on the intracellular yeast-like symbiote in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål. I. Histological observations and population changes of the symbiote, Z. Ang. Entomol., 91, 321, 10.1111/j.1439-0418.1981.tb04487.x Chen, 2005, Resistance screening and evaluation of newly-bred rice varieties (lines) to the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, Chinese J. Rice Sci., 19, 573 Cheng, 1971, Effect of nitrogen application on the susceptibly in rice to brown planthopper attack, J. Taiwan Agric. Res., 20, 21 Cheng, 2009, Rice planthopper problems and relevant causes in China, 157 Cheng, 1979, Studies on the migrations of brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens Stål, Acta Entomol. Sin., 22, 21 Cheng, 2001, Intra- and inter-specific effects of the brown planthopper and white backed planthopper on their population performance, J. Asia-Pacific Entomol., 4, 85, 10.1016/S1226-8615(08)60108-9 Chiu, 1979 Claridge, 1980, The “biotypes” of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, Entomol. Exp. Appl., 27, 23, 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1980.tb02942.x Claridge, 1983, The biotype concept and its application to insect pests of agriculture, Crop Prot., 2, 85, 10.1016/0261-2194(83)90028-5 Claridge, 1982, Adaptations of brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) populations to rice varieties in Sri Lanka, Entomol. Exp. Appl., 32, 222, 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1982.tb03209.x Claridge, 1984, The significance of morphometric and fecundity differences between the “biotypes” of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, Entomol. Exp. Appl., 36, 107, 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1984.tb03415.x Claridge, 1985, The status of weed-associated populations of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)—host race or biological species?, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 84, 77, 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1985.tb01717.x Claridge, 2001, Seasonal patterns of egg parasitism and natural biological control of rice brown planthopper in Indonesia, Agric. Forest Entomol., 1, 297, 10.1046/j.1461-9563.1999.00040.x Claridge, 2002, Experimental field studies on predation and egg parasitism of rice brown planthopper in Indonesia, Agric. Forest Entomol., 4, 203, 10.1046/j.1461-9563.2002.00141.x Cohen, 2006, Pesticide-mediated homeostatic modulation in arthropods, Pesticide Biochem. Physiol., 85, 21, 10.1016/j.pestbp.2005.09.002 Cohen, 1997, Brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, resistance in rice cultivar IR64: mechanism and role in successful N. lugens management in Central Luzon, Philippines. Entomol. Exp. Appl., 85, 221, 10.1046/j.1570-7458.1997.00252.x Cohen, 2003, Do rice hybrids have heterosis for insect resistance? A study with Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) and Marasmia patnalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), J. Econ. Entomol., 96, 1935, 10.1603/0022-0493-96.6.1935 Cohen, 1994, A food web approach to evaluating the effect of insecticide spraying on insect pest population dynamics in a Philippine irrigated rice ecosystem, J. Appl. Ecol., 31, 747, 10.2307/2404165 Conway, 1999, Feeding the world in the twenty-first century, Nature, 402, C55, 10.1038/35011545 Cook, 1994, Planthopper/plant interactions: feeding behavior, plant nutrition, plant defense, and host plant specialization, 114 Cuong, 1997, Effect of host plant resistance and insecticide on brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and predator population development in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Crop Prot., 16, 707, 10.1016/S0261-2194(97)00068-9 Dawe, 2000, How widespread are yield declines in long-term rice experiments in Asia?, Field Crops Res., 66, 175, 10.1016/S0378-4290(00)00075-7 De Datta, 1981 De Datta, 1968, Effect of plant type and nitrogen level on the growth characteristics and grain yield of indica rice in the tropics, Agron. J., 60, 643, 10.2134/agronj1968.00021962006000060017x De Kraker, J., 1996. The potential of natural enemies to suppress rice leaffolder populations. Ph.D. Thesis. Wageningen Univ., Wageningen, The Netherlands. Denholm, 1992, Tactics for managing pesticide resistance in arthropods: theory and practice, Annu. Rev. Entomol., 37, 91, 10.1146/annurev.en.37.010192.000515 Denno, 1994, Density-related effects on the components of fitness and population dynamics of planthoppers, 257 Denno, 1990, Population biology of planthoppers, Annu. Rev. Entomol., 35, 489, 10.1146/annurev.en.35.010190.002421 Döbel, 1994, Predator–planthopper interactions, 325 Du, 2009, Identification and characterization of Bph14, a gene conferring resistance to brown planthopper in rice, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 22163, 10.1073/pnas.0912139106 Dupo, 2009, Taxonomy and general biology of delphacid planthoppers in rice agroecosytems, 3 Dutcher, 2007, A review of resurgence and replacement causing pest outbreaks in IPM, 27 Dyck, 1979, Ecology of the brown planthopper in the tropics, 61 Dyck, 1979, The brown planthopper problem, 3 Escalada, 2009, Changes in rice farmers' pest management beliefs and practices in Vietnam: an analytical review of survey data from 1992 to 2007, 447 Escalada, 1999, Communications and behavior change in rice farmers’ pest management: the case of using mass media in Vietnam, J. Appl. Commun., 83, 7, 10.4148/1051-0834.2132 Eveleigh, 2007, Fluctuations in density of an outbreak species drive diversity cascades in food webs, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104, 16976, 10.1073/pnas.0704301104 Fagan, 1998, Interactions between biological control efforts and insecticide applications in tropical rice agroecosystems: the potential role of intraguild predation, Biol. Contr., 13, 121, 10.1006/bcon.1998.0655 Fischer, 1998, Toward increasing nutrient-use efficiency in rice cropping systems: the next generation of technology, Field Crops Res., 56, 1, 10.1016/S0378-4290(97)00139-1 Fisk, 1980, Effects of HCN, phenolic acids and related compounds in Sorghum bicolor on the feeding behaviour of the planthopper Peregrinus maidis, Entomol. Exp. Appl., 27, 211, 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1980.tb02968.x Foggo, 2007, Tri-trophic consequences of UV-B exposure: plants, herbivores and parasitoids, Oecologia, 154, 505, 10.1007/s00442-007-0857-1 Fowler, 1991, Egg mortality of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae) and green leafhoppers, Nephotettix spp. (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), on rice in Sri Lanka, Bull. Entomol. Res., 81, 161, 10.1017/S0007485300051233 Fujita, 2009, The genetics of host-plant resistance to rice planthopper and leafhopper, 389 Gallagher, 1994 Gallagher, 2009, Impact of IPM programs in Asian agriculture, 347 Gao, 2008, Insecticide resistance in field populations of Laodelphax striatellus Fallén (Homoptera: Delphacidae) in China and its possible mechanisms, Int. J. Pest Manage., 54, 13, 10.1080/09670870701553303 Gorman, 2008, Neonicotinoid resistance in rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, Pestic. Manage. Sci., 64, 1122, 10.1002/ps.1635 Gould, 1986, Simulation models for predicting durability of insect-resistant germ plasm: Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyidae)-resistant winter wheat, Environ. Entomol., 15, 11, 10.1093/ee/15.1.11 Gould, 1988, Genetic engineering, integrated pest management and the evolution of pests, Trends Biotech., 6, S15, 10.1016/0167-7799(88)90007-8 Gould, 1991, The evolutionary potential of crop pests, Am. Sci., 79, 496 Gould, 1991, Effects of natural enemies on the rate of herbivore adaptation to resistant host plants, Entomol. Exp. Appl., 58, 1, 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1991.tb01445.x Graf, 1992, A simulation model for the population dynamics of rice leaf-folders (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and their interactions with rice, J. Appl. Ecol., 29, 558, 10.2307/2404463 Gramene, 2011. Oryza sativa. <http://www.gramene.org/Oryza_sativa/Info/Index> (accessed 30.05.2011). Greathead, 1983, Natural enemies of Nilaparvata lugens and other leaf- and plant-hoppers in the tropical agroecosystems and their impact on pest populations, 371 Grist, 1969 Guerra, 1998, Producing more rice with less water from irrigated systems Gurr, 2009, Prospects for ecological engineering for planthoppers and other arthropod pests in rice, 371 Gurr, 2011, Parasitoids of Asian rice planthopper (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) pests and prospects for enhancing biological control by ecological engineering, Ann. Appl. Biol., 158, 149, 10.1111/j.1744-7348.2010.00455.x Gurr, 2004 Hanski, 1991, Single-species metapopulation dynamics: concepts, models and observations, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 42, 17, 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1991.tb00549.x Hanski, 1999 Hardin, 1995, Arthropod pest resurgence: an overview of potential mechanisms, Crop Prot., 14, 3, 10.1016/0261-2194(95)91106-P Hare, 1992, Effects of plant variation on herbivore-natural enemy interactions, 278 Hare, 1994, Status and prospects for an integrated approach to the control of rice planthoppers, 615 Heathcote, 1970, Japanese encephalitis in Sarawak: studies on the juvenile mosquito populations, Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 64, 483, 10.1016/0035-9203(70)90067-2 Heinrichs, 1979, Chemical control of the brown planthopper, 145 Heinrichs, 1986, Perspectives and directions for the continued development of insect-resistant rice varieties, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 18, 9, 10.1016/0167-8809(86)90172-6 Heinrichs, 1988, Variable resistance to homopterans in rice cultivars. ISI Atlas Sci.: Animal, Plant Sci., 1, 213 Heinrichs, 1992, Rice insects: the role of host plant resistance in integrated management systems, Korean J. Appl. Entomol., 31, 256 Heinrichs, 1994, Impact of insecticides on the resistance and resurgence of rice planthoppers, 571 Heinrichs, 1982, Resurgence of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) populations as influenced by method and timing of insecticide applications in lowland rice, Environ. Entomol., 11, 78, 10.1093/ee/11.1.78 Heinrichs, 1984, Leersia hexandra, a weed host of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), Crop Prot., 3, 77, 10.1016/0261-2194(84)90009-7 Heinrichs, 1985, Influence of N fertilizer on the population development of brown planthopper (BPH), Int. Rice Res. Notes, 10, 20 Heinrichs, 1985 Heinrichs, 1984, From secondary to major pest status: the case of insecticide-induced rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, resurgence, Prot. Ecol., 7, 201 Heinrichs, 1982, Rates and effect of resurgence-inducing insecticides on populations of Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae) and its predators, Environ. Entomol., 11, 1269, 10.1093/ee/11.6.1269 Heong, 2009, Are planthopper problems caused by a breakdown in ecosystem services?, 221 1997 Heong, 1995, Misuse of pesticides among rice farmers in Leyte, Philippines, 97 Heong, 1994, An analysis of insecticide use in rice: case studies in the Philippines and Vietnam, Int. J. Pest Manage., 40, 173, 10.1080/09670879409371878 2009 Heong, 1998, Impact of insecticides on herbivore-natural enemy communities in tropical rice ecosystems, 381 Heong, 1995, Global warming and rice arthropod communities, 320 Heong, 2011 Hibino, 1985, Rice grassy stunt virus: a planthopper-borne circular filament, Phytopathology, 75, 894, 10.1094/Phyto-75-894 Hirai, 1993, Recent trends of insecticide susceptibility in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), in Japan, Appl. Entomol. Zool., 28, 339, 10.1303/aez.28.339 Horgan, 2009, Mechanisms of resistance: a major gap in understanding planthopper-rice interactions, 281 Huan, 1999, Changes in rice farmers’ pest management in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Crop Prot., 18, 557, 10.1016/S0261-2194(99)00059-9 Huke, 1990 IPCC. 2007. AR4 – Climate change 2007. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. <http://www.ipcc.ch/index.htm> (accessed 10.06.2011). IRRI, 1979 IRRI, 1983 IRRI, 1996 IRRI, 2006, Bringing Hope, Improving Lives IRRI, 2011 IRRI, 2011, World Rice Statistics (WRS). Area planted (or harvested) to modern varieties, selected Asian countries: China, 1965–2004 IRRI, 2011 IRRI-ADB, 2011. Ricehoppers: A Blog on the Latest Information and Issues Relevant to Managing Rice Planthopper Problems. Int. Rice Res. Inst., Los Baños, Philippines and Asian Dev. Bank, Manila, Philippines. ≤http://ricehoppers.net/≥ (accessed 30.05.2011). Ives, 1997, Metapopulation dynamics and pest control in agricultural systems, Am. Natl., 149, 220, 10.1086/285988 Jackson, 1997, Conservation of rice genetic resources: the role of the International Rice Genebank at IRRI, Plant Mol. Biol., 35, 61, 10.1023/A:1005709332130 Jactel, 2002, Habitat diversity in forest plantations reduces infestations of the pine stem borer Dioryctria sylvestrella, J. Appl. Ecol., 39, 618, 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00742.x Jena, 2008, Molecular markers and their use in marker-assisted selection in rice, Crop Sci., 48, 1266, 10.2135/cropsci2008.02.0082 Jennings, 1974, Rice breeding and world food production, Science, 186, 1085, 10.1126/science.186.4169.1085 Jervis, 1997, Metapopulation dynamics and the control of mobile agricultural pests: fresh insights (commentary), Int. J. Pest Manage., 43, 251, 10.1080/096708797228537 Johnson, 1992, Interaction of genetically engineered host plant resistance and natural enemies of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in tobacco, Environ. Entomol., 21, 587, 10.1093/ee/21.3.586 Jones, 2006, The plant immune system, Nature, 444, 323, 10.1038/nature05286 Jung-Tsung, 1986, Resistance of wild rices, Oryza spp., to the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae), Environ. Entomol., 15, 648, 10.1093/ee/15.3.648 Kaneda, 1981, Screening of rice cultivars for resistance to the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål., by three biotypes, Japan. J. Breed., 31, 141, 10.1270/jsbbs1951.31.141 Kartohardjono, 1984, Populations of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Homoptera: Delphacidae), and its predators on rice varieties with different levels of resistance, Environ. Entomol., 13, 359, 10.1093/ee/13.2.359 Kenmore, 1980 Kenmore, 1991, How Rice Farmers Clean Up the Environment, Conserve Biodiversity, Raise More Food, Make Higher Profits: Indonesia's IPM Model for Asia Kenmore, 1984, Population regulation of the rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) within rice fields in the Philippines, J. Plant Prot. Trop., 1, 19 Kenmore, 1987, Philippine rice farmers and insecticides: thirty years of growing dependency and new options for change, 98 Khush, 1971, Rice breeding for disease and insect resistance at IRRI, Oryza, 8, 111 Khush, 1979 Khush, 1984, Breeding rice for resistance to insects, Prot. Ecol., 7, 147 Kilin, 1981, Development of carbamate resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Homoptera: Delphacidae), Appl. Entomol. Zool., 16, 1, 10.1303/aez.16.1 Kiritani, 1979, Pest management in rice, Annu. Rev. Entomol., 24, 279, 10.1146/annurev.en.24.010179.001431 Kiritani, 2006, Predicting impacts of global warming on population dynamics and distribution of arthropods in Japan, Pop. Ecol., 48, 5, 10.1007/s10144-005-0225-0 Kisimoto, 1965, Studies on polymorphism and its role playing in the population growth of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), Bull. Shikoku Agric. Exp. Stn., 13, 1 Kisimoto, 1976, Synoptic weather conditions inducing long-distance immigration of planthoppers, Sogatella furcifera Horváth and Nilaparvata lugens Stål, Ecol. Entomol., 1, 95, 10.1111/j.1365-2311.1976.tb01210.x Kisimoto, 1979, Brown planthopper migration, 113 Kisimoto, 1994, Long-distance migration in delphacid planthoppers, 302 Koenig, 2002, Global patterns of environmental synchrony and the Moran effect, Ecography, 25, 283, 10.1034/j.1600-0587.2002.250304.x Kondoh, 2003, Foraging adaptation and the relationship between food-web complexity and stability, Science, 299, 1388, 10.1126/science.1079154 Konishi, 1973, Early entomology in East Asia, 1 Kundu, 1995, Efficient management of soil and biologically fixed N2 in intensively-cultivated rice fields, Soil Biol. Biochem., 27, 431, 10.1016/0038-0717(95)98615-U Kuno, 1979, Ecology of the brown planthopper in temperate regions, 45 Ladha, 1993, Prospects and problems of biological nitrogen fixation in rice production: a critical assessment, 677 Lam, 1983, Reproduction in the rice field rat, Rattus argentiventer, Malay. Natl. J., 36, 249 Landis, 2000, Habitat management to conserve natural enemies of arthropod pests in agriculture, Annu. Rev. Entomol., 45, 175, 10.1146/annurev.ento.45.1.175 Latif, 2008, Evidence of sibling species in the brown planthopper complex (Nilaparvata lugens) detected from short and long primer random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprints, Biochem. Genet., 46, 520, 10.1007/s10528-008-9167-5 Levins, 1969, Some demographic and genetic consequences of environmental heterogeneity for biological control, Bull. Entomol. Soc. Am., 15, 237 Lin, 2011, Can polycultural manipulation effectively control rice planthoppers in rice-based ecosystems?, Crop Prot., 30, 279, 10.1016/j.cropro.2010.11.013 Ling, 1972 Litsinger, 1994, Cultural, mechanical, and physical control of rice insects, 549 Litsinger, 2008, Areawide rice insect pest management: a perspective of experiences in Asia, 351 Litsinger, 2009, When is a rice insect a pest: yield loss and the green revolution, 391 Liu, 2003, Selection for imidacloprid resistance in Nilaparvata lugens (Stål): cross-resistance patterns and possible mechanisms, Pest Manage. Sci., 59, 1355, 10.1002/ps.768 Loevinsohn, 1993, Asynchrony in cultivation among Philippine rice farmers: causes and prospects for change, Agric. Systems, 41, 419, 10.1016/0308-521X(93)90043-2 Lu, 2009, Effects of nitrogen-enriched rice plants on ecological fitness of planthoppers, 247 Lu, 2005, Effects of nitrogen on the tolerance of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata Lugens, to adverse environmental factors, Insect Sci., 12, 121, 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2005.00014.x Lu, 2004, Dynamics of yeast-like symbiote and its relationship with the virulence of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål, to resistant rice varieties, J. Asia-Pacific Entomol., 7, 1, 10.1016/S1226-8615(08)60233-2 Lu, 2007, Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on herbivores and its stimulation to major pests in rice, Rice Sci., 14, 56, 10.1016/S1672-6308(07)60009-2 Luo, 2006, Differences in induced volatile emissions among rice varieties result in differential attraction and parasitism of Nilaparvata lugens eggs by the parasitoid Anagrus nilaparvatae in the field, J. Chem. Ecol., 32, 2375, 10.1007/s10886-006-9151-7 Malone, 2008, Beyond Bt: alternative strategies for insect-resistant genetically modified crops, 357 Matsumura, 2009, Current status of insecticide resistance in rice planthoppers in Asia, 233 Matteson, 2000, Insect pest management in tropical Asian irrigated rice, Annu. Rev. Entomol., 45, 549, 10.1146/annurev.ento.45.1.549 Matteson, 1994, Extension of integrated pest management in Asian irrigated rice: empowering the user, 656 McCann, 2005, The dynamics of spatially coupled food webs, Ecol. Letters, 8, 513, 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00742.x Meffe, 1994 Mew, 1988, Disease and insect resistance in hybrid rice, 189 Miyashita, 1963, Outbreaks and population fluctuations of Insects, with special reference to agricultural insect pests in Japan, Bull. Natl. Inst. Agric. Sci., Japan. Ser. C, 15, 99 Miyata, 1989, Problems in the control of insecticide-resistant rice plant- and leafhoppers, Pesticide Sci., 26, 261, 10.1002/ps.2780260306 Mochida, 1977, Bionomics of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, 192 Mochida, 1979, Taxonomy and biology of Nilaparvata lugens (Hom., Delphacidae), 21 Mogi, 1990, Colonization of rice fields by mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and larvivorous predators in asynchronous rice cultivation areas in the Philippines, J. Med. Entomol., 27, 530, 10.1093/jmedent/27.4.530 Moran, 1953, The statistical analysis of the Canadian lynx cycle, II. Synchronization and meteorology, Austral. J. Zool., 1, 291, 10.1071/ZO9530291 Moran, 2008, Genomics and evolution of heritable bacterial symbionts, Annu. Rev. Genetics., 42, 165, 10.1146/annurev.genet.41.110306.130119 Mun, 1999, Genetic variation among Asian populations of rice planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera (Hemiptera: Delphacidae): mitochondrial DNA sequences, Bull. Entomol. Res., 89, 245, 10.1017/S000748539900036X Mundt, 2002, Use of multiline cultivars and cultivar mixtures for disease management, Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 40, 381, 10.1146/annurev.phyto.40.011402.113723 Nagadhara, 2003, Transgenic indica rice plants resistant to sap-sucking insects, Plant Biotech. J., 1, 231, 10.1046/j.1467-7652.2003.00022.x Nagadhara, 2004, Transgenic rice plants expressing the snowdrop lectin gene (gna) exhibit high-level resistance to the whitebacked planthopper (Sogatella furcifera), Theor. Appl. Genet., 109, 1399, 10.1007/s00122-004-1750-5 Nagata, 1979, Development of insecticide resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), Appl. Entomol. Zool., 14, 264, 10.1303/aez.14.264 Nakasuji, 1984, Evaluation of the role of Microvelia douglasi atrolineata (Bergroth) (Heteroptera: Veliidae) as predator of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Homoptera: Delphacidae), Res. Pop. Ecol., 26, 134, 10.1007/BF02515513 New, 2005 Noda, 2009, How can planthopper genomics be useful for planthopper management?, 429 Oka, 1988, Role of cultural techniques in rice IPM systems, 83 Oka, 2003, Integrated pest management in Indonesia: IPM by farmers, 223 Okamoto, 1967, Studies on the smaller brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus Fallén, as a vector of rice stripe virus. 1. On the life cycle of the smaller brown planthopper. Bull. Chugoku Agric. Exp. Stn. Ser, E, 1, 89 Otuka, 2009, Migration of rice planthoppers and simulation techniques, 343 Paik, 1977, Study on the long-term forecasting of brown planthopper outbreaks, Kor. J. Plant Prot., 16, 171 Pao-Ling, 1984, The wet irrigation method of mosquito control in ricefields: an experience of intermittent irrigation in China, 133 Park, 2007, The identification of candidate rice genes that confer resistance to the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) through representational difference analysis, Theor. Appl. Genet., 115, 537, 10.1007/s00122-007-0587-0 Pathak, 1969, Resistance to Nephotettix impicticeps and Nilaparvata lugens in varieties of rice, Nature, 223, 502, 10.1038/223502a0 Pathak, 1982, Selection of biotype populations 2 and 3 of Nilaparvata lugens by exposure to resistant rice varieties, Environ. Entomol., 11, 85, 10.1093/ee/11.1.85 Pathak, 1980, Breeding approaches in rice, 421 Perfect, 1994, Rice planthopper dynamics: a comparison between temperate and tropical regions, 282 Peters, 1991, Consequences of global warming for biological diversity, 99 1998 Pimentel, 1961, Species diversity and insect population outbreaks, Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am., 54, 76, 10.1093/aesa/54.1.76 1995 2011 Rapusas, 1996, Intraspecific variation in chemical attraction of rice to insect predators, Biol. Contr., 6, 394, 10.1006/bcon.1996.0050 Reissig, 1986 Reissig, 1982, Insecticide-induced resurgence of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, on rice varieties with different levels of resistance, Environ. Entomol., 11, 165, 10.1093/ee/11.1.165 Riley, 1995, Long-distance migration of aphids and other small insects in northeast India, Eur. J. Entomol., 92, 639 Riley, 1991, The long-distance migration of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Delphacidae) in China: radar observations of mass return flight in the autumn, Ecol. Entomol., 16, 471, 10.1111/j.1365-2311.1991.tb00240.x Roderick, 1994, Genetics of host plant adaptation in delphacid planthoppers, 551 Roger, 1996, Biology and Management of the Floodwater Ecosystem in Ricefields Roger, 1990, Ricefield ecosystem management and its impact on disease vectors, 6, 2 Romena, 1989, Wild Species of rice Oryza spp. as sources of resistance to rice insects, J. Plant Prot. Tropics, 6, 213 Root, 1973, Organization of a plant-arthropod association in simple and diverse habitats: the fauna of collards (Brassica oleracea), Ecol. Monogr., 43, 95, 10.2307/1942161 Sahad, 1984, Biology of Anagrus optabilis (Perkins) (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae), an egg parasitoid of delphacid planthoppers, Esakia, 22, 129, 10.5109/2459 Sahu, 1996, Host preference and feeding potential of spiders predaceous on insect pests of rice, J. Entomol. Res., 20, 145 Saleque, 2004, Variety-specific nitrogen fertilizer recommendation for lowland rice, Commun. Soil Sci. & Plant Anal., 35, 1891, 10.1081/CSS-200026811 Sasaki, 1996, Nitrogen recycling in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens: involvement of yeast-like endosymbionts in uric acid metabolism, J. Insect Physiol., 42, 125, 10.1016/0022-1910(95)00086-0 Sawada, 1992, Population dynamics of the brown planthopper in the coastal lowland of West Java, Indonesia. Japan Ag. Res. Quart., 26, 88 Schoenly, 1996, Quantifying the impact of insecticides on food web structure of rice-arthropod populations in a Philippine farmer's irrigated field: a case study, 343 Schoenly, 2010, Fallowing did not disrupt invertebrate fauna in Philippine low-pesticide irrigated rice fields, J. Appl. Ecol., 47, 593, 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01799.x Schoenly, 1998, Analysis of invertebrate biodiversity in a Philippine farmer's irrigated rice field, Environ. Entomol., 27, 1125, 10.1093/ee/27.5.1125 Sebastian, 2005, The spider fauna of the irrigated rice ecosystem in central Kerala, India across different elevational ranges, J. Arachnol., 33, 247, 10.1636/05-08.1 Senguttuvan, 1990, Predator efficiency of mirid bug (Crytorhinus lividpennis) on eggs and nymphs of brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) in resistant and susceptible varieties of rice (Oryza sativa), Indian J. Agric. Sci., 60, 285 Seo, 2009, Resistance-breaking ability and feeding behavior of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, recently collected in Korea, 303 Service, M.W., 1989, Rice, a challenge to health, Parasitol. Today, 5, 162, 10.1016/0169-4758(89)90083-5 Settle, 1996, Managing tropical rice pests through conservation of generalist natural enemies and alternate prey, Ecology, 77, 1975, 10.2307/2265694 Sezer, 1998, The genetic basis of host plant adaptation in the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), Heredity, 80, 499, 10.1046/j.1365-2540.1998.00316.x Shepard, 1991, Management of insect pests of rice in Asia, Vol. III, 255 Shigematsu, 1982, Sterols and asparagine in the rice plant, endogenous factors related to resistance against the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), Agric. Biol. Chem., 46, 2877, 10.1271/bbb1961.46.2877 Shu, 2011, A study on relationship between ENSO event, activity of sunspot and outbreak of Nilaparvata lugens in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis, 33, 258 Sigsgaard, 2007, Early season natural control of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens: the contribution and interaction of two spider species and a predatory bug, Bull. Entomol. Res., 97, 533, 10.1017/S0007485307005196 Sigsgaard, 1999, Directional movement of predators between the irrigated rice field and its surroundings, 43 Singh, 1996, Effect of transplanting date and irrigation regime on growth, yield and water use in rice (Oryza sativa) in northern India, Indian J. Agric. Sci., 66, 137 Smith, 1970, Pesticides: their use and limitations in pest management, 103 Smith, 1967, Integrated control, 295 Sōgawa, 1970, Studies on the feeding habits of the brown planthopper, I. Effects of nitrogen-deficiency of host plant on insect feeding, J. Appl. Entomol. Zool., 14, 101, 10.1303/jjaez.14.101 Sōgawa, 1981, Hybridization experiments on three biotypes of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae) at the IRRI, the Philippines, Appl. Entomol. Zool., 16, 193, 10.1303/aez.16.193 Sōgawa, 1982, The rice brown planthopper: feeding physiology and host plant interactions, Annu. Rev. Entomol., 27, 49, 10.1146/annurev.en.27.010182.000405 Sōgawa, 2009, Prevalence of whitebacked planthoppers in Chinese hybrid rice and whitebacked planthopper resistance in Chinese japonica rice, 257 Sōgawa, 2003, A review on the hyper-susceptibility of Chinese hybrid rice to insect pests, Chinese J. Rice Sci., 17, 23 Song, 1995, The predatory behavior of green mired bug, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter, on brown planthopper eggs in different temperature conditions, Korean J. Appl. Entomol., 34, 234 Song, 1997, Changes in searching responses with temperature of Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae) on the eggs of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål.) (Homoptera: Delphacidae), Res. Pop. Ecol., 39, 201, 10.1007/BF02765266 Song, 1984, Studies on the insecticide-induced resurgence of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), on rice, J. Gyeong-Sang Natl. Univ., 23, 121 Stapely, 1979, Varietal resistance to the brown planthopper in the Solomon Islands, 233 Stenseth, 2003, Mice, rats, and people: the bio-economics of agricultural rodent pests, Front. Ecol. Environ., 1, 367, 10.1890/1540-9295(2003)001[0367:MRAPTB]2.0.CO;2 Stern, 1959, The integrated control concept, Hilgardia, 29, 81, 10.3733/hilg.v29n02p081 Su, 1996, The influence of hardwood content on balsam fir defoliation by spruce budworm, Can. J. For. Res., 26, 1620, 10.1139/x26-182 Tahvanainen, 1972, The influence of vegetational diversity on the population ecology of a specialized herbivore, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Oecologia, 10, 321, 10.1007/BF00345736 Takken, 2009, To nibble at plant resistance proteins, Science, 324, 744, 10.1126/science.1171666 Tang, 2010, Bacterial symbionts of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae), Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 76, 1740, 10.1128/AEM.02240-09 Tanksley, 1997, Seed banks and molecular maps: unlocking genetic potential from the wild, Science, 277, 1063, 10.1126/science.277.5329.1063 Turner, 1999, Numerical model simulations of brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens and white-backed planthopper Sogatella furcifera (Homoptera: Delphacidae) migration, Bull. Entomol. Res., 89, 557, 10.1017/S0007485399000711 Uhm, 1985, Effects of the different levels of nitrogen fertilizer and planting space on the population growth of the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)), Res. Rep. RDA (P M & U), 27, 79 van den Berg, 2007, Investing in farmers—the impacts of farmer field schools in relation to integrated pest management, World Develop., 35, 663, 10.1016/j.worlddev.2006.05.004 Velusamy, 1986, Greenhouse techniques to identify field resistance to the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Homoptera: Delphacidae), in rice cultivars, Crop Prot., 5, 328, 10.1016/0261-2194(86)90112-2 Virmani, 1994, Heterosis and hybrid rice breeding, 1, 10.1007/978-3-642-85115-5_1 Visarto, 2001, Effect of fertilizer, pesticide treatment, and plant variety on the realized fecundity and survival rates of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Homoptera: Delphacidae)—generating outbreaks in Cambodia, J. Asia-Pacific Entomol., 4, 75, 10.1016/S1226-8615(08)60107-7 Wada, 1992, Population growth pattern of the rice planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera, in the Muda Area, West Malaysia. Japan Agric. Res. Quart., 26, 105 Waibel, 1986, The Economics of Integrated Pest Control in Irrigated Rice, 10.1007/978-3-642-71319-4 Wang, 2008, Recent rice stripe virus epidemics in Zhejiang province, China, and experiments on sowing date, disease–yield loss relationships, and seedling susceptibility, Plant Dis., 92, 1190, 10.1094/PDIS-92-8-1190 Wang, 2008, Imidacloprid susceptibility survey and selection risk assessment in field populations of Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae), J. Econ. Entomol., 101, 515, 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[515:ISSASR]2.0.CO;2 Wang, 2004, OsBi1, a rice gene, encodes a novel protein with a CBS-like domain and its expression is induced in responses to herbivore feeding, Plant Sci., 166, 1581, 10.1016/j.plantsci.2004.02.011 Wassmann, 2009, Climate change affecting rice production: the physiological and agronomic basis for possible adaptation strategies, Adv. Agron., 101, 59, 10.1016/S0065-2113(08)00802-X Watanabe, 2009, Recent occurrences of long-distance migratory planthoppers and factors causing outbreaks in Japan, 179 Way, 1994, The role of biodiversity in the dynamics and management of insect pests of tropical irrigated rice—a review, Bull. Entomol. Res., 84, 567, 10.1017/S000748530003282X Way, 2009, Significance of the tropical fire ant Solenopsis geminata (hymenoptera: formicidae) as part of the natural enemy complex responsible for successful biological control of many tropical irrigated rice pests, Bull. Entomol. Res., 99, 503, 10.1017/S0007485308006524 Way, 1998, Ants in tropical irrigated rice: distribution and abundance, especially of Solenopsis geminata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Bull. Entomol. Res., 88, 467, 10.1017/S0007485300042218 Weerapat, 1977, Mixing rice varieties to combat brown planthopper, Int. Rice Res. Notes, 2, 3 Wetzel, 1992, Diversity in steroidogenesis of symbiotic microorganisms from planthoppers, J. Chem. Ecol., 18, 2083, 10.1007/BF00981929 Widiarta, 1990, Population dynamics of the green leafhopper, Nephotettix virescens distant (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in synchronized and staggered transplanting areas of paddy fields in Indonesia, Res. Pop. Ecol., 32, 319, 10.1007/BF02512566 Wiens, 1985, Boundary dynamics: a conceptual framework for studying landscape ecosystems, Oikos, 45, 421, 10.2307/3565577 Wilby, 2006, Arthropod diversity and community structure in relation to land use in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, Ecosystems, 9, 538, 10.1007/s10021-006-0131-0 Wu, 2003, Impacts of pesticides on physiology and biochemistry of rice, Sci. Agric. Sinica, 36, 536 Wu, 2001, Pesticide-induced susceptibility of rice to brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens, Entomol. Exp. Appl., 100, 119, 10.1046/j.1570-7458.2001.00854.x Xu, 2002, RFLP-facilitated investigation of the quantitative resistance of rice to brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), Theor. Appl. Genet., 104, 248, 10.1007/s00122-001-0777-0 Yang, 1999, Characteristics of nitrogen nutrition in hybrid rice, Int. Rice Res. Notes, 24, 5 Yin, 2008, Cultivar and insecticide applications affect the physiological development of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), Environ. Entomol., 37, 206, 10.1603/0046-225X(2008)37[206:CAIAAT]2.0.CO;2 Yoshihara, 1979, Soluble silicic acid as a sucking inhibitory substance in rice against the brown planthopper (Delphacidae, Homoptera), Entomol. Exp. Appl., 26, 314, 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1979.tb02932.x Yoshihara, 1980, Oxalic acid as a sucking inhibitor of the brown planthopper in rice (Delphacidae, Homoptera), Entomol. Exp. Appl., 27, 149, 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1980.tb02959.x Yoshihara, 1979, Comparison of oxalic acid concentration in rice varieties resistant and susceptible to the brown planthopper, Int. Rice Res. Notes, 4, 10 Yu, 1996, Role of non-rice habitats for conserving egg parasitoids of rice planthoppers and leafhoppers, 63 Zhang, 2008, A black-streaked dwarf disease on rice in China is caused by a novel fijivirus, Arch. Virol., 153, 1893, 10.1007/s00705-008-0209-4 Zhou, 2008, Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus: a new proposed Fijivirus species in the family Reoviridae, Chinese Sci. Bull., 53, 3677, 10.1007/s11434-008-0467-2 Zhu, 2000, Genetic diversity and disease control in rice, Nature, 406, 718, 10.1038/35021046 Zhu, 2000, Simulation of the long range migration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), by using boundary layer atmospheric model and the geographic information system, J. Asia-Pacific Entomol., 3, 25, 10.1016/S1226-8615(08)60051-5 Zhuang, 2004, Genetic analysis of resistance to buprofezin in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Homoptera: Delphacidae), Acta Entomol. Sin., 47, 749