DNase Expression Allows the Pathogen Group A Streptococcus to Escape Killing in Neutrophil Extracellular Traps

Brinkmann, 2004, Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria, Science, 303, 1532, 10.1126/science.1092385 Ferreira, 1992, Extracellular deoxyribonucleases of streptococci: a comparison of their occurrence and levels of production among beta-hemolytic strains of various serological groups, Zentralbl. Bakteriol., 277, 493, 10.1016/S0934-8840(11)80474-3 McCarty, 1948, The occurrence of nucleases in culture filtrates of group A hemolytic streptococci, J. Exp. Med., 88, 181, 10.1084/jem.88.2.181 Sumby, 2005, Extracellular deoxyribonuclease made by group A Streptococcus assists pathogenesis by enhancing evasion of the innate immune response, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 102, 1679, 10.1073/pnas.0406641102 Aziz, 2004, Post-proteomic identification of a novel phage-encoded streptodornase, Sda1, in invasive M1T1 Streptococcus pyogenes, Mol. Microbiol., 54, 184, 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04255.x Blikstad, 1978, Selective assay of monomeric and filamentous actin in cell extracts, using inhibition of deoxyribonuclease I, Cell, 15, 935, 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90277-5 Lazarides, 1974, Actin is the naturally occurring inhibitor of deoxyribonuclease I, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 71, 4742, 10.1073/pnas.71.12.4742 Segal, 2005, How neutrophils kill microbes, Annu. Rev. Immunol., 23, 197, 10.1146/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115653 Efstratiou, 2000, Group A streptococci in the 1990s, J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 45, 3, 10.1093/jac/45.suppl_1.3 Smith, 2005, Invasive group A streptococcal disease: should close contacts routinely receive antibiotic prophylaxis?, Lancet Infect. Dis., 5, 494, 10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70190-0 Sumby, 2005, Evolutionary origin and emergence of a highly successful clone of serotype M1 group a Streptococcus involved multiple horizontal gene transfer events, J. Infect. Dis., 192, 771, 10.1086/432514 Heins, 1967, Characterization of a nuclease produced by Staphylococcus aureus, J. Biol. Chem., 242, 1016, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)96225-3 Fontaine, 2004, Investigation of a novel DNase of Streptococcus suis serotype 2, Infect. Immun., 72, 774, 10.1128/IAI.72.2.774-781.2004