Durability of ultra-high performance concrete – A review

Martın-Pérez, 2000, A study of the effect of chloride binding on service life predictions, Cem. Concr. Res., 30, 1215, 10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00339-2 Richard, 1994, Reactive powder concretes with high ductility and 200–800 MPa compressive strength, ACI Mater. J., 144, 507 Richard, 1995, Composition of reactive powder concretes, Cem. Concr. Res., 25, 1501, 10.1016/0008-8846(95)00144-2 C1856/C1856M − 17 (2017). Standard practice for fabricating and testing specimens of ultra-high performance concrete. Röβler, 1985, Investigations on the relationship between porosity, structure and strength of hydrated portland cement pastes I, Effect of porosity. Cem. Concr. Res., 15, 320, 10.1016/0008-8846(85)90044-4 Odler, 1985, Investigations on the relationship between porosity, structure and strength of hydrated Portland cement pastes. II. Effect of pore structure and of degree of hydration, Cem. Concr. Res., 15, 401, 10.1016/0008-8846(85)90113-9 Granger, 2007, Experimental characterization of the self-healing of cracks in an ultra high performance cementitious material: Mechanical tests and acoustic emission analysis, Cem. Concr. Res., 37, 519, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.12.005 Yu, 2014, Mix design and properties assessment of Ultra-High-Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC), Cem. Concr. Res., 56, 29, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.11.002 Wang, 2012, Preparation of Ultra-High Performance Concrete with common technology and materials, Cem. Concr. Compos., 34, 538, 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.11.005 Yu, 2015, Development of an eco-friendly Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) with efficient cement and mineral admixtures uses, Cem. Concr. Compos., 55, 383, 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.09.024 Lowke, 2012, Control of rheology, strength and fibre bond of UHPC with additions-effect of packing density and addition type. Ultra-High Performance Concrete and Nanotechnology in Construction, Proceedings of Hipermat, 19, 215 Wu, 2019, Changes in rheology and mechanical properties of ultra-high performance concrete with silica fume content, Cem. Concr. Res., 123, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.105786 Wu, 2016, Influence of silica fume content on microstructure development and bond to steel fiber in ultra-high strength cement-based materials (UHSC), Cem. Concr. Compos., 71, 97, 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2016.05.005 Chan, 2004, Effect of silica fume on steel fiber bond characteristics in reactive powder concrete, Cem. Concr. Res., 34, 1167, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2003.12.023 Wu, 2017, Effect of nano-SiO2 particles and curing time on development of fiber-matrix bond properties and microstructure of ultra-high strength concrete, Cem. Concr. Res., 95, 247, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.02.031 Ipek, 2011, Effect of pre-setting pressure applied to mechanical behaviours of reactive powder concrete during setting phase, Constr. Build. Mater., 25, 61, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.06.056 Yazıcı, 2007, The effect of curing conditions on compressive strength of ultra high strength concrete with high volume mineral admixtures, Build. Environ., 42, 2083, 10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.03.013 Prabha, 2010, Study on stress-strain properties of reactive powder concrete under uniaxial compression, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 2, 6408 Dugat, 1996, Mechanical properties of reactive powder concretes, Mater. Struct., 29, 233, 10.1007/BF02485945 Xie, 2018, Characterizations of autogenous and drying shrinkage of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC): An experimental study, Cem. Concr. Compos., 91, 156, 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.05.009 Wu, 2019, Investigation of mechanical properties and shrinkage of ultra-high performance concrete: Influence of steel fiber content and shape, Compos. B Eng., 174, 10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107021 Justs, 2015, Internal curing by superabsorbent polymers in ultra-high performance concrete, Cem. Concr. Res., 76, 82, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2015.05.005 Reda, 1999, Microstructural investigation of innovative UHPC, Cem. Concr. Res., 29, 323, 10.1016/S0008-8846(98)00225-7 Yu, 2014, Effect of nano-silica on the hydration and microstructure development of Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) with a low binder amount, Constr. Build. Mater., 65, 140, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.04.063 Tuan, 2011, Hydration and microstructure of ultra high performance concrete incorporating rice husk ash, Cem. Concr. Res., 41, 1104, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.06.009 Shi, 2015, A review on ultra high performance concrete: Part I. Raw materials and mixture design, Constr. Build. Mater., 101, 741, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.088 Wang, 2015, A review on ultra high performance concrete: Part II. Hydration, microstructure and properties, Constr. Build. Mater., 96, 368, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.08.095 Yoo, 2016, Mechanical properties of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete: A review, Cem. Concr. Compos., 73, 267, 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2016.08.001 Yoo, 2016, A review on structural behavior, design, and application of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete, International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 10, 125, 10.1007/s40069-016-0143-x Tayeh, 2013, Utilization of ultra-high performance fibre concrete (UHPFC) for rehabilitation–a review, Procedia Eng., 54, 525, 10.1016/j.proeng.2013.03.048 Magureanu, 2012, Mechanical properties and durability of ultra-high-performance concrete, ACI Mater J., 109, 177 Alkaysi, 2016, Effects of silica powder and cement type on durability of ultra high performance concrete (UHPC), Cem. Concr. Compos., 66, 47, 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2015.11.005 Roux, 1996, Experimental study of durability of reactive powder concretes, J Mater Civil Eng., 8, 1, 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(1996)8:1(1) Graybeal, 2007, Durability of an ultra high-performance concrete, J Mater Civil Eng., 19, 848, 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2007)19:10(848) Abbas, 2015, Exploring mechanical and durability properties of ultra-high performance concrete incorporating various steel fiber lengths and dosages, Constr. Build. Mater., 75, 429, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.11.017 Tayeh, 2012, Mechanical and permeability properties of the interface between normal concrete substrate and ultra high performance fiber concrete overlay, Constr. Build. Mater, 36, 538, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.06.013 Alonso, 2006, Ground water leaching resistance of high and ultra high performance concretes in relation to the testing convection regime, Cem. Concr. Res., 36, 1583, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.04.004 E. Fehling, M. Schmidt, Teichmann T, et al. Entwicklung, Dauerhaftigkeit und Berechnung Ultra hochfester Betone (UHPC). Kassel: Kassel Universitz Press GmbH, 2005. Poon, 2006, Compressive strength, chloride diffusivity and pore structure of high performance metakaolin and silica fume concrete, Constr. Build. Mater., 20, 858, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.07.001 Mehta, 2013, Concrete: Structure, Properties and Materials., 13, 499 E. Ghafari, H. Costa, E. Júlio, A. Portugal, L. Durães. Enhanced durability of ultra high performance concrete by incorporating supplementary cementitious materials. In The 2nd international conference microdurability Delft, Amsterdam, Netherland (pp 86–94), April 2012. Dobias, 2016, Water Transport Properties and Depth of Chloride Penetration in Ultra High Performance Concrete, Key Eng. Mater., 711, 137, 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.711.137 Li, 2005, Study on durability of fiber-reinforced reactive powder concrete, China Concr. Cement Prod., 23, 42 Tam, 2012, Assessing drying shrinkage and water permeability of reactive powder concrete produced in Hong Kong, Constr. Build. Mater., 26, 79, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.05.006 Ghafari, 2014, The effect of nanosilica addition on flowability, strength and transport properties of ultra high performance concrete, Mater. Des., 59, 1, 10.1016/j.matdes.2014.02.051 Wang, 2014, Durability of an ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) under progressive aging, Cem. Concr. Res., 55, 1, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.09.008 T. Teichmann, M. Schmidt. Influence of the packing density of fine particles on structure, strength and durability of UHPC. In Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on ultra-high performance concrete, Kassel , Germany(pp. 313–23), 2004. Matte, 2000, Simulated microstructure and transport properties of ultra-high performance cement-based materials, Cem. Concr. Res., 30, 1947, 10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00288-X Chia, 2002, Water permeability and chloride penetrability of high-strength lightweight aggregate concrete, Cem. Concr. Res., 32, 639, 10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00738-4 Y.Z. Peng, K. Chen, S.G. Hu. Durability and microstructure of ultra-high performance concrete having high volume of steel slag powder and ultra-fine fly ash. Advanced Mater. Res. 255 (2011) 452-456. Trans Tech Publications. Liu, 2007, The influence of particle distribution to properties and microstructure of reactive power concrete, Journal of Wuhan University of Technology, 29, 26 Rong, 2015, Effects of nano-SiO2 particles on the mechanical and microstructural properties of ultra-high performance cementitious composites, Cem. Concr. Compos., 56, 25, 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.11.001 E. Ghafari, H. Costa, E. Júlio, A. Portugal, L. Durães. March. Optimization of UHPC by adding nanomaterials. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on UHPC and Nanotechnology for High Performance Construction Materials, Kassel, Germany (pp. 71-78), 2012. Yuan, 2009, Chloride binding of cement-based materials subjected to external chloride environment–a review, Constr. Build. Mater., 23, 1, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.02.004 Poupard, 2004, Corrosion by chlorides in reinforced concrete: Determination of chloride concentration threshold by impedance spectroscopy, Cem. Concr. Res., 34, 991, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2003.11.009 Chen, 2018, Evaluation and optimization of Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) subjected to harsh ocean environment: Towards an application of Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs), Constr. Build. Mater., 177, 51, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.210 Angst, 2011, Chloride induced reinforcement corrosion: electrochemical monitoring of initiation stage and chloride threshold values, Corros. Sci., 53, 1451, 10.1016/j.corsci.2011.01.025 Glass, 1997, The presentation of the chloride threshold level for corrosion of steel in concrete, Corros. Sci., 39, 1001, 10.1016/S0010-938X(97)00009-7 ASTM C1202, Electrical indication of concrete's ability to resist chloride ion penetration, Annual Book of American Society for Testing Materials Standards, vol. C04.02, 2000. Nordtest Method NT Build 443. Concrete. Hardened: accelerated chloride penetration. Nordtest, Finland, 1995. Liu, 2009, Durability and micro-structure of reactive powder concrete, J. Wuhan Univ. Technol.-Mater. Sci. Ed., 24, 506, 10.1007/s11595-009-3506-1 Wang Z. Chloride-ion permeability of reactive powder concrete [Maser thesis]. Beijing Jiaotong University, 2011. Chuang, 2013, Durability analysis testing on reactive powder concrete, Adv. Mater. Res., 811, 244, 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.811.244 An, 2007, Research on durability of RPC, Architecture Technol., 38, 367 Voo, 2010, Characteristics of ultra-high performance ‘ductile’ concrete and its impact on sustainable construction, IES J. Part A Civil Struct. Eng., 3, 168, 10.1080/19373260.2010.492588 Wei, 2005, Study on durability of high content fly ash active powder concrete, New Build. Mater., 09, 27 J. Pierard, N. Cauberg, O. Remy. Evaluation of durability and cracking tendency of ultra-high performance concrete. Creep, shrinkage and durability mechanics of concrete and concrete structures, (2009) 695-700. M. Thomas, B. Green, E. O’Neal, V. Perry, S. Hayman, A. Hossack. Marine performance of UHPC at Treat Island. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on UHPC and Nanotechnology for High Performance Construction Materials, Kassel, Germany, (2012) 365-370. J.C. Scheydt, H.S. Muller. Microstructure of ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) and its impact on durability. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on UHPC and Nanotechnology for High Performance Construction Materials, Kassel, Germany (2012) 349-356. J. Piérard, B. Dooms, N. Cauberg. March. Evaluation of durability parameters of UHPC using accelerated lab tests. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on UHPC and Nanotechnology for High Performance Construction Materials, Kassel, Germany (2012) 371-376. Bonneau, 1997, Mechanical properties and durability of two industrial reactive powder concretes, Mater. J., 94, 286 B.A. Graybeal. Material property characterization of ultra-high performance concrete (No. FHWA-HRT-06-103), 2006. Toutanji, 1998, Chloride permeability and impact resistance of polypropylene-fiber-reinforced silica fume concrete, Cem. Concr. Res., 28, 961, 10.1016/S0008-8846(98)00073-8 El-Dieb, 2009, Mechanical, durability and microstructural characteristics of ultra-high-strength self-compacting concrete incorporating steel fibers, Mater. Des., 30, 4286, 10.1016/j.matdes.2009.04.024 T.M. Ahlborn, D.L. Misson, E.J. Peuse, C.G. Gilbertson. Durability and strength characterization of ultra-high performance concrete under variable curing regimes. In Proc. 2nd Int. Symp. on Ultra High Performance Concrete, Fehling, E., Schmidt, M., & Stürwald, S.(Eds.) Kassel, Germany (2008) 197-204. Yu, 2013, Influence of micro-structure on the strength and resistance to chloride ion permeability of reactive powder concrete, Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, 45, 31 Zhang, 2008, Preparation of C200 green reactive powder concrete and its static–dynamic behaviors, Cem. Concr. Compos., 30, 831, 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2008.06.008 Zanni, 1996, Investigation of hydration and pozzolanic reaction in reactive powder concrete (RPC) using 29Si NMR, Cem. Concr. Res., 26, 93, 10.1016/0008-8846(95)00197-2 Ye, 2006, Investigation on durability of reactive powder concrete, New Building Materials, 06, 33 Trinh, 2011, Study on the Properties of Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete, Advanced Materials Research., 383–390, 3305, 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.383-390.3305 Cwirzen, 2007, The effect of the heat-treatment regime on the properties of reactive powder concrete, Adv. Cem. Res., 19, 25, 10.1680/adcr.2007.19.1.25 D. Heinz, H.M. Ludwig. September. Heat treatment and the risk of DEF delayed ettringite formation in UHPC. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on UHPC, Kassel, Germany (2004) 717-730. Yang, 2000, Effect of ground quartz sand on properties of high-strength concrete in the steam-autoclaved curing, Cem. Concr. Res., 30, 1993, 10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00395-1 Liu, 2005, Influence of steam curing on the compressive strength of concrete containing supplementary cementing materials, Cem. Concr. Res., 35, 994, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.05.044 Cheyrezy, 1995, Microstructural analysis of RPC (reactive powder concrete), Cem. Concr. Res., 25, 1491, 10.1016/0008-8846(95)00143-Z Papadakis, 2000, Effect of supplementary cementing materials on concrete resistance against carbonation and chloride ingress, Cem. Concr. Res., 30, 291, 10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00249-5 Wu, 2018, Multi-scale investigation of microstructure, fiber pullout behavior, and mechanical properties of ultra-high performance concrete with nano-CaCO3 particles, Cem. Concr. Compos., 86, 255, 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.11.014 Matte, 1999, Durability of reactive powder composites: influence of silica fume on the leaching properties of very low water/binder pastes, Cem. Concr. Compos., 21, 1, 10.1016/S0958-9465(98)00025-0 Tafraoui, 2016, Durability of the ultra high performances concrete containing metakaolin, Constr. Build. Mater., 112, 980, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.169 Shi, 2011, Preparation of Slag Reactive Powder Concrete and the Research on its Resistance to Chloride Ion Permeability, Advanced Materials Research., 391–392, 1189, 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.391-392.1189 G. Herold, H.S. Müller. Measurement of porosity of ultra high strength fibre reinforced concrete. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ultra-High Performance Concrete, Kassel, Germany (2004) 685-694. Ghafari, 2015, Influence of nano-silica addition on durability of UHPC, Constr. Build. Mater., 94, 181, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.009 Fan, 2019, Effect of steel fibers with galvanized coatings on corrosion of steel bars embedded in UHPC, Compos. B Eng., 177, 10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107445 A. Rafiee, M. Schmidt. Computer modeling and investigation on the chloride induced steel corrosion in cracked uhpc. In Ultra-High Performance Concrete and Nanotechnology in Construction. Proceedings of Hipermat 2012. 3rd International Symposium on UHPC and Nanotechnology for High Performance Construction Materials (No. 19, p. 357). kassel university press GmbH, (2012). M.M. Faizal, M.S. Hamidah, M.M. Norhasri, & I. Noorli. Effect of clay as a nanomaterial on corrosion potential of steel reinforcement embedded in ultra-high performance concrete. In InCIEC 2015 (pp. 679-687). Springer, Singapore, (2016). Bertos, 2004, A review of accelerated carbonation technology in the treatment of cement-based materials and sequestration of CO2, J. Hazard. Mater., 112, 193, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.04.019 El-Turki, 2007, The influence of relative humidity on structural and chemical changes during carbonation of hydraulic lime, Cem. Concr. Res., 8, 1233, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.05.002 Liu, 2003, Preparation and durability of a high performance concrete with natural ultra-fine particles, Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, (Chinese), 31, 1080 Park, 2007, Evaluation on Durability of Ultra-High Strength Cementitious Composites, Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers., 27, 257 Long, 2005, Properties and micro/macrostructure of reactive powder concrete, Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 33, 456 Sun, 2009, Dynamic Mechanical Behaviour and Durability of Ultra-High Performance Cementitious Composite, Key Eng. Mater., 400–402, 3 Perry, 2004, First use of ultra-high performance concrete for an innovative train station canopy, Concrete Technology Today, 25, 1 Schmidt, 2003, Ultra-high performance concrete: Perspective for the precast concrete industry, Concrete Precasting Plant and Technology, 3, 16 M.C. Andrade, M. Frías, B. Aarup. Durability of ultra high strength concrete: compact reinforced composite (CRC). Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on the Utilization of High-Strength/High-Performance Concrete, 29-31 May 1996, Paris, France, Ed., de Larrard, F. and Lacroix, R., Vol. 2, pp. 529–534. Schmidt, 2005, Ultra-high-performance concrete: research, development and application in Europe, ACI Special publication, 228, 51 C. Müller, et al. Durability of Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC),” Proceedings of the Third International fib Congress and Exhibition Incorporating the PCI Annual Convention and National Bridge Conference, Washington, DC, May 29–June 2, 2010, Compact Disc, Paper 135. Mu, 2002, Interaction between loading, freeze–thaw cycles, and chloride salt attack of concrete with and without steel fiber reinforcement, Cem. Concr. Res., 32, 1061, 10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00746-9 D.R. Schwartz. D-cracking of concrete pavements. 134 1987. Bondar, 2015, Sulfate Resistance of Alkali Activated Pozzolans, International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials., 9, 145, 10.1007/s40069-014-0093-0 Peng, 2015, Properties and microstructure of reactive powder concrete having a high content of phosphorous slag powder and silica fume, Constr. Build. Mater., 101, 482, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.046 Dils, 2013, Influence of cement type and mixing pressure on air content, rheology and mechanical properties of UHPC, Constr. Build. Mater., 41, 55, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.12.050 P.C Aı̈tcin. The durability characteristics of high performance concrete: A review. Cem. Concr. Compos. 25(4) (2003) 409-420. Colombo, 2015, Tensile behavior of textile reinforced concrete subjected to freezing–thawing cycles in un-cracked and cracked regimes, Cem. Concr. Res., 73, 169, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2015.03.001 Zhong, 2015, Material design and characterization of high performance pervious concrete, Constr. Build. Mater., 98, 51, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.08.027 Yang, 2003, Study on durability of reactive powder concrete, China Concrete and Cement Products., 1, 19 ASTM C 666, Standard test method for resistance of concrete to rapid freezing and thawing. (2003). Y. Wang, M. Z. An, Z. R. Yu, et al. Durability of reactive powder concrete under chloride-salt freeze–thaw cycling. Materials and Structures. 50 (1) (2017)18. Lee, 2005, The study of bond strength and bond durability of reactive powder concrete, J. ASTM Int., 2, 1, 10.1520/JAI12960 Lee, 2007, A preliminary study of reactive powder concrete as a new repair material, Constr. Build. Mater., 21, 182, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.06.024 Jacobsen, 1996, Self healing of high strength concrete after deterioration by freeze/thaw, Cem. Concr. Res., 26, 55, 10.1016/0008-8846(95)00179-4 Shaheen, 2006, Optimization of mechanical properties and durability of reactive powder concrete, ACI Mater. J., 103, 444 R. Gao, Z.M. Liu, L.Q. Zhang, P. Stroeven. Static properties of plain reactive powder concrete beams. In Key Engineering Materials 302 (2006) 521-527, Trans Tech Publications. Cwirzen, 2008, Reactive powder based concretes: Mechanical properties, durability and hybrid use with OPC, Cem. Concr. Res., 38, 1217, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2008.03.013 Smarzewski, 2017, Effect of Fiber Hybridization on Durability Related Properties of Ultra-High Performance Concrete, International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials., 11, 315, 10.1007/s40069-017-0195-6 A. Cwirzen, V. Penttala, K. Cwirzen. The effect of heat treatment on the salt freeze-thaw durability of UHSC. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Ultra High Performance Concrete, Kassel, Germany (pp. 221-230). 2008, March. Aıtcin, 2003, The durability characteristics of high performance concrete: a review, Cem. Concr. Compos., 25, 409, 10.1016/S0958-9465(02)00081-1 Tang, 2016, Experimental study on performance of imitative RPC for sulphate leaching, J. Asian Ceram. Soc., 4, 143, 10.1016/j.jascer.2016.01.007 L. Franke, H. Schmidt, G. Deckelmann. Behavior of ultra-high performance concrete with respect to chemical attack. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Ultra-High Performance Concrete, Kassel, Germany (pp. 453-460), 2008, March. R. Reju, G. J. Jacob. Investigations on the chemical durability properties of Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete. In Proceedings of International Conference on Green Technologies, New York , USA (pp. 181-185), 2012. B. Graybeal. Material property characterization of ultrahigh performance concrete. In FHWA-HRT-06-103, U.S. Department of Transportation (p. 176), (2006). B. Moser, C. Pfeifer, J. Stark. Durability and microstructural development during hydration in ultrahigh performance concrete (pp. 87–88). London, UK: Taylor and Francis Group, (2009). Soliman, 2017, Using glass sand as an alternative for quartz sand in UHPC, Constr. Build. Mater., 145, 243, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.187 C. Vernet. UHPC microstructure and related durability performance laboratory assessment and field experience examples. Proc., 2003 Int. Symp. on High Performance Concrete, Orlando, Fla. Graybeal, 2007, Durability of an ultrahigh-performance concrete, J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 19, 848, 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2007)19:10(848) ASTM, C.944. Standard test method for abrasion resistance of concrete or mortar surfaces by the rotating-cutter method. In American Society for Testing and Materials (pp. 1-4), 1999. Zhukov, 1976, Reasons for the explosive spalling of heated concrete, Beton I Sjeljesobeton, 3, 26 Abid, 2017, High temperature and residual properties of reactive powder concrete–A review, Constr. Build. Mater., 147, 339, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.083 Chan, 2000, Compressive strength and pore structure of high-performance concrete after exposure to high temperature up to 800°C, Cem. Concr. Res., 30, 247, 10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00240-9 Khoury, 2000, Effect of fire on concrete and concrete structures, Prog. Struct. Mat. Eng., 2, 429, 10.1002/pse.51 Rashad, 2012, Chemical and mechanical stability of sodium sulfate activated slag after exposure to elevated temperature, Cem. Concr. Res., 42, 333, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.10.007 L.T. Phan, Fire Performance of High Strength Concrete. A Report of the State-of-the-art Building and Fire Research Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Maryland, 1996. M.S. Abrams. Compressive strength of concrete at temperatures to 1600 F.American Concrete Institute, Temperature and concrete 1971, ACI SP 25, Detroit (Michigan). Liu, 2009, Fire performance of highly flowable reactive powder concrete, Constr. Build. Mater., 23, 2072, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.08.022 So, 2015, Mechanical properties and microstructure of reactive powder concrete using ternary pozzolanic materials at elevated temperature, KSCE J. Civ. Eng., 19, 1050, 10.1007/s12205-015-0015-y Canbaz, 2014, The effect of high temperature on reactive powder concrete, Constr. Build. Mater., 70, 508, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.07.097 Sobia, 2015, Elevated temperature resistance of ultra-high-performance fibre-reinforced cementitious composites, Mag. Concr. Res., 67, 923, 10.1680/macr.14.00134 Liang, 2018, Development of ultra-high performance concrete with high fire resistance, Constr. Build. Mater., 179, 400, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.241 Tai, 2011, Mechanical properties of steel fiber reinforced reactive powder concrete following exposure to high temperature reaching 800 °C, Nucl. Eng. Des., 241, 2416, 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2011.04.008 Zheng, 2013, Compressive and tensile properties of reactive powder concrete with steel fibres at elevated temperatures, Constr. Build. Mater., 41, 844, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.12.066 Rabehi, 2017, Durability and thermal stability of ultra high-performance fibre-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) incorporating calcined clay, Revue Française de Génie Civil., 21, 18 Sanchayan, 2016, High temperature behaviour of hybrid steel–PVA fibre reinforced reactive powder concrete, Mater. Struct., 49, 769, 10.1617/s11527-015-0537-2 Feylessoufi, 1997, Controlled rate thermal treatment of reactive powder concretes, Adv. Cem. Based Mater., 6, 21, 10.1016/S1065-7355(97)90002-X Zheng, 2012, Compressive behaviour of hybrid fiber-reinforced reactive powder concrete after high temperature, Mater. Des., 41, 403, 10.1016/j.matdes.2012.05.026 Arisoy, 2008, Material characteristics of high performance lightweight concrete reinforced with PVA, Constr. Build. Mater., 22, 635, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.10.010 Qiu, 2016, Fatigue-induced deterioration of the interface between micro-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber and cement matrix, Cem. Concr. Res., 90, 127, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2016.08.021 D. Heinz, F. Dehn, L. Urbonas. September. Fire resistance of ultra high performance concrete (UHPC)-Testing of laboratory samples and columns under load. In International Symposium on Ultra High Performance Concrete, (2004) 703-715. Peng, 2012, Experimental Research on Fire Resistance of Reactive Powder Concrete, Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2012, 7, 10.1155/2012/860303 Zheng, 2012, Compressive stress–strain relationship of steel fiber-reinforced reactive powder concrete after exposure to elevated temperatures, Constr. Build. Mater., 35, 931, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.05.031 Li, 2016, Tensile Properties of Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Reactive Powder Concrete After Exposure to Elevated Temperatures, International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials., 10, 29, 10.1007/s40069-016-0125-z Chen, 2004, Residual strength of hybrid-fiber-reinforced high-strength concrete after exposure to high temperatures, Cem. Concr. Res., 34, 1065, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2003.11.010 Li, 2019, Synergistic effects of hybrid polypropylene and steel fibers on explosive spalling prevention of ultra-high performance concrete at elevated temperature, Cem. Concr. Compos., 96, 174, 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.11.009