Cardiac positron emission tomography imaging with [11c]hydroxyephedrine, a specific tracer for sympathetic nerve endings, and its functional correlates in congestive heart failure

Eisenhofer, 1996, Cardiac sympathetic nerve function in congestive heart failure, Circulation, 93, 1667, 10.1161/01.CIR.93.9.1667 Ungerer, 1998, Regional in vivo and in vitro characterization of autonomic innervation in cardiomyopathic human heart, Circulation, 97, 174, 10.1161/01.CIR.97.2.174 Eckberg, 1971, Defective cardiac parasympathetic control in patients with heart disease, N Engl J Med, 285, 877, 10.1056/NEJM197110142851602 Grassi, 1995, Sympathetic activation and loss of reflex sympathetic control in heart failure, Circulation, 92, 3206, 10.1161/01.CIR.92.11.3206 Ferguson, 1984, Selective impairement of baroreflex-mediated vasoconstrictor responses in patients with ventricular dysfunction, Circulation, 69, 451, 10.1161/01.CIR.69.3.451 DeGrado, 1993, Myocardial kinetics of carbon-11-meta-hydroxyephedrine, J Nucl Med, 34, 1287 Schwaiger, 1990, Noninvasive evaluation of sympathetic nervous system in human heart by positron emission tomography, Circulation, 82, 457, 10.1161/01.CIR.82.2.457 Ukkonen, 1997, Myocardial efficiency during calcium sensitization with levosimendan, Clin Pharmacol Ther, 61, 596, 10.1016/S0009-9236(97)90139-9 Pitkänen, 1996, Coronary flow reserve is impaired in young men with familial hypercholesterolemia, J Am Coll Cardiol, 28, 1705, 10.1016/S0735-1097(96)00376-2 Någren, 1995, Improved synthesis of some commonly used PET radioligands by the use of [11C]methyl triflate, Nucl Med Biol, 22, 235, 10.1016/0969-8051(94)00083-V Hoffman, 1979, Quantitation in positron emission tomography, J Comput Assist Tomogr, 3, 299, 10.1097/00004728-197906000-00001 Henze, 1983, Measurement of regional tissue and blood-pool radiotracer concentrations from serial tomographic images of the heart, J Nucl Med, 24, 987 Iida, 1995, Myocardial blood flow, J Nucl Med, 36, 78 Rosenspire, 1990, Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of carbon-11-meta-hydroxyephedrine, J Nucl Med, 31, 1328 Vesalainen, 1997, Effects of low-dose transdermal scopolamine on autonomic cardiovascular control in healthy young subjects, Clin Physiol, 17, 135, 10.1046/j.1365-2281.1997.t01-1-02020.x van der Borne, 1997, Absence of low-frequency variability of sympathetic nerve activity in severe heart failure, Circulation, 95, 1449, 10.1161/01.CIR.95.6.1449 Ponikowski, 1996, Detection and significance of discrete very low frequency rhythm in RR interval variability in chronic congestive heart failure, Am J Cardiol, 77, 1320, 10.1016/S0002-9149(96)00199-3 Pomeranz, 1985, Assessment of autonomic function in humans by heart rate spectral analysis, Am J Physiol, 248, H151 Koh, 1994, Human autonomic rhythms, J Physiol (Lond), 474, 483, 10.1113/jphysiol.1994.sp020039 Pagani, 1986, Power spectral analysis of heart rate and arterial pressure variabilites as a marker of sympatho-vagal interaction in man and in conscious dog, Circ Res, 59, 178, 10.1161/01.RES.59.2.178 Bristow, 1993, Changes in myocardial and vascular receptores in heart failure, J Am Coll Cardiol, 22, 61A, 10.1016/0735-1097(93)90465-D Ziegler, 1996, Assessment of myocardial reinnervation in cardiac transplants by positron emission tomography, Clin Sci (Colch), 91, 126, 10.1042/cs0910126supp La Rovere, 1998, Baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability in prediction of total cardiac mortality after myocardial infarction. ATRAMI (autonomic tone and reflexes after myocardial infarction) investigators, Lancet, 351, 478, 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)11144-8 Eckberg, 1992, Reflex interactions, 153 Preiss, 1974, Patterns of sympathetic neuron activity associated with mayer waves, Am J Physiol, 226, 724, 10.1152/ajplegacy.1974.226.3.724 Pagani, 1997, Relationship between spectral components of cardiovascular variabilities and direct measures of muscle sympathetic nerve activity in humans, Circulation, 95, 1441, 10.1161/01.CIR.95.6.1441 Rimoldi, 1990, Analysis of short term oscillations of R-R and arterial pressure in conscious dogs, Am J Physiol, 258, H967 Guzzetti, 1995, Sympathetic predominance followed by functional denervation in the progression of chronic heart failure, Eur Heart J, 16, 1100, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a061053 Mulder, 1997, Response of large and small vessels to alpha and beta adrenoceptor stimulation in heart failure, Fundam Clin Pharmacol, 11, 221, 10.1111/j.1472-8206.1997.tb00189.x 1996, Heart rate variability, Circulation, 93, 1043, 10.1161/01.CIR.93.5.1043