Classification of large vessel vasculitis: Can we separate giant cell arteritis from Takayasu arteritis?

Jennette, 2013, 2012 revised International Chapel Hill consensus conference nomenclature of vasculitides, Arthritis Rheum, 65, 1, 10.1002/art.37715 Hall, 1973, Giant cell arteritis – an unholy trinity, Am Heart J, 85, 835, 10.1016/0002-8703(73)90436-5 Grayson, 2012, Distribution of arterial lesions in Takayasu's arteritis and giant cell arteritis, Ann Rheum Dis, 71, 1329, 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200795 Maksimowicz-McKinnon, 2009, Takayasu arteritis and giant cell arteritis: a spectrum within the same disease?, Medicine (Baltimore), 88, 221, 10.1097/MD.0b013e3181af70c1 Polachek, 2015, The fine line between Takayasu arteritis and giant cell arteritis, Clin Rheumatol, 34, 721, 10.1007/s10067-014-2813-x Ostberg, 1972, Morphological changes in the large arteries in polymyalgia arteritica, Acta Med Scand Suppl, 533, 135 Ostberg, 1973, An arteritis with special reference to polymyalgia arteritica, Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand Suppl, 237, 1 Prieto-Gonzalez, 2012, Large vessel involvement in biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis: prospective study in 40 newly diagnosed patients using CT angiography, Ann Rheum Dis, 71, 1170, 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200865 Blockmans, 2006, Repetitive 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in giant cell arteritis: a prospective study of 35 patients, Arthritis Rheum, 55, 131, 10.1002/art.21699 Aggarwal, 2015, Distinctions between diagnostic and classification criteria?, Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 67, 891, 10.1002/acr.22583 Fries, 1994, Criteria for rheumatic disease. Different types and different functions. The American College of Rheumatology Diagnostic and Therapeutic Criteria Committee, Arthritis Rheum, 37, 454, 10.1002/art.1780370403 Ishikawa, 1988, Diagnostic approach and proposed criteria for the clinical diagnosis of Takayasu's arteriopathy, J Am Coll Cardiol, 12, 964, 10.1016/0735-1097(88)90462-7 Sharma, 1996, Diagnostic criteria for Takayasu arteritis, Int J Cardiol, 54, S141, 10.1016/S0167-5273(96)88783-3 Group JCSJW, 2011, Guideline for management of vasculitis syndrome (JCS 2008). Japanese Circulation Society, Circ J, 75, 474, 10.1253/circj.CJ-88-0007 Arend, 1990, The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Takayasu arteritis, Arthritis Rheum, 33, 1129, 10.1002/art.1780330811 Hunder, 1990, The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of giant cell arteritis, Arthritis Rheum, 33, 1122, 10.1002/art.1780330810 Muratore, 2015, Large-vessel giant cell arteritis: a cohort study, Rheumatology (Oxford), 54, 463, 10.1093/rheumatology/keu329 Basu, 2010, EULAR points to consider in the development of classification and diagnostic criteria in systemic vasculitis, Ann Rheum Dis, 69, 1744, 10.1136/ard.2009.119032 Serra, 2016, Updates in pathophysiology. Diagnosis and management of Takayasu arteritis, Ann Vasc Surg, 10.1016/j.avsg.2016.02.011 Furuta, 2015, Clinical features and radiological findings in large vessel vasculitis: are Takayasu arteritis and giant cell arteritis 2 different diseases or a single entity?, J Rheumatol, 42, 300, 10.3899/jrheum.140562 Kermani, 2012, Utility of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis, Semin Arthritis Rheum, 41, 866, 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2011.10.005 Martinez-Taboada, 2000, Giant cell arteritis with an erythrocyte sedimentation rate lower than 50, Clin Rheumatol, 19, 73 de Boysson, 2016, Giant-cell arteritis without cranial manifestations: working diagnosis of a distinct disease pattern, Medicine (Baltimore), 95, e3818, 10.1097/MD.0000000000003818 Kermani, 2015, Extra-cranial giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis: how similar are they?, Semin Arthritis Rheum, 44, 724, 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2015.01.005 Parikh, 2006, Prevalence of a normal C-reactive protein with an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate in biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis, Ophthalmology, 113, 1842, 10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.05.020 Maksimowicz-McKinnon, 2007, Limitations of therapy and a guarded prognosis in an American cohort of Takayasu arteritis patients, Arthritis Rheum, 56, 1000, 10.1002/art.22404 Kerr, 1994, Takayasu arteritis, Ann Intern Med, 120, 919, 10.7326/0003-4819-120-11-199406010-00004 Garcia-Martinez, 2014, Prospective long term follow-up of a cohort of patients with giant cell arteritis screened for aortic structural damage (aneurysm or dilatation), Ann Rheum Dis, 73, 1826, 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203322 Yoshida, 2016, Retrospective analysis of 95 patients with large vessel vasculitis: a single center experience, Int J Rheum Dis, 19, 87, 10.1111/1756-185X.12777 Homme, 2006, Surgical pathology of the ascending aorta: a clinicopathologic study of 513 cases, Am J Surg Pathol, 30, 1159, 10.1097/01.pas.0000213270.38091.69 Lensen, 2016, Extracranial giant cell arteritis: a narrative review, Neth J Med, 74, 182 Miller, 2011, The pathology of large-vessel vasculitides, Clin Exp Rheumatol, 29, S92 Gravanis, 2000, Giant cell arteritis and Takayasu aortitis: morphologic, pathogenetic and etiologic factors, Int J Cardiol, 75, S21, 10.1016/S0167-5273(00)00184-4 Lie, 1995, Aortic and extracranial large vessel giant cell arteritis: a review of 72 cases with histopathologic documentation, Semin Arthritis Rheum, 24, 422, 10.1016/S0049-0172(95)80010-7 Weyand, 2013, Immune mechanisms in medium and large-vessel vasculitis, Nat Rev Rheumatol, 9, 731, 10.1038/nrrheum.2013.161 Deng, 2010, Th17 and Th1 T-cell responses in giant cell arteritis, Circulation, 121, 906, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.872903 Saadoun, 2015, Th1 and Th17 cytokines drive inflammation in Takayasu arteritis, Arthritis Rheumatol, 67, 1353, 10.1002/art.39037 Unizony, 2013, Design of the tocilizumab in giant cell arteritis trial, Int J Rheumatol, 2013, 912562, 10.1155/2013/912562 Craven, 2013, ACR/EULAR-endorsed study to develop Diagnostic and Classification Criteria for Vasculitis (DCVAS), Clin Exp Nephrol, 17, 619, 10.1007/s10157-013-0854-0