Electrical resistivity tomography technique for landslide investigation: A review

Abubakar, 2012, Joint inversion approaches for geophysical electromagnetic and elastic full-waveform data, Inverse Probl., 28, 10.1088/0266-5611/28/5/055016 AGI, 2009, Instruction Manual for EarthImagerTM 2D Version 2.4.0 Archie, 1942, The electrical resistivity log as an aid in determining some reservoir characteristics, Trans. Am. Inst. Min. Metall. Pet. Eng., 146, 54 Ayenew, 2005, Inventory of landslides and susceptibility mapping in the Dessie area, Northern Ethiopia, Eng. Geol., 77, 1, 10.1016/j.enggeo.2004.07.002 Baldi, 2008, Kinematics of a landslide derived from archival photogrammetry and GPS data, Geomorphology, 102, 435, 10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.04.027 Barker, 1981, The offset system of electrical resistivity sounding and its use with a multi-core cable, Geophys. Prospect., 29, 128, 10.1111/j.1365-2478.1981.tb01015.x Barker, 1992, A simple algorithm for electrical imaging of the subsurface, First Break, 10, 53, 10.3997/1365-2397.1992004 Batayneh, 2002, Application of a two-dimensional electrical tomography technique for investigating landslides along the Amman-Dead Sea highway, Jordan, Environ. Geol., 42, 399, 10.1007/s00254-002-0543-x Bekler, 2011, Characterization of a landslide using seismic refraction, electrical resistivity and hydrometer methods, Adatepe – Canakkale, NW Turkey, J. Environ. Eng. Geophys., 16, 115, 10.2113/JEEG16.3.115 Bichler, 2004, Three-dimensional mapping of a landslide using a multi-geophysical approach: the Quesnel Forks landslide, Landslides, 1, 29, 10.1007/s10346-003-0008-7 Bièvre, 2012, Application of geophysical measurements for assessing the role of fissures in water infiltration within a clay landslide (Trieves area, French Alps), Hydrol. Process., 26, 2128, 10.1002/hyp.7986 Bishop, 1960, The principle of effective stress, Norw. Geotech. Inst. Publ., 32, 1 Carpentier, 2012, Geophysical imaging of shallow subsurface topography and its implication for shallow landslide susceptibility in the Urseren Valley, Switzerland, J. Appl. Geophys., 83, 46, 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2012.05.001 Cascini, 2010, Advanced low- and full-resolution DInSAR map generation for slow-moving landslide analysis at different scales, Eng. Geol., 112, 29, 10.1016/j.enggeo.2010.01.003 Catani, 2005, On the application of SAR interferometry to geomorphological studies: estimation of landform attributes and mass movements, Geomorphology, 66, 119, 10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.08.012 Chambers, 2009, Hydrogeophysical Monitoring of Landslide Processes Using Automated Time-Lapse Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ALERT) Chambers, 2011, Three-dimensional geophysical anatomy of an active landslide in Lias Group mudrocks, Cleveland Basin, UK, Geomorphology, 125, 472, 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.09.017 Chang, 2012, An investigation into debris flow induced by Typhoon Morakot in the Siaolin Area, Southern Taiwan, using electrical resistivity imaging method, Geophys. J. Int., 188, 1012, 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05310.x Colangelo, 2008, 2D electrical resistivity tomographies for investigating recent activation landslides in Basilicata Region (Southern Italy), Ann. Geophys., 51, 275 Dahlin, 1993, 187 Dahlin, 1996, 2D resistivity surveying for environmental and engineering applications, First Break, 14, 275, 10.3997/1365-2397.1996014 Dahlin, 2001, The development of DC resistivity imaging techniques, Comput. Geosci., 27, 1019, 10.1016/S0098-3004(00)00160-6 Dahlin, 1997, A roll-along technique for 3D resistivity data acquisition with multi-electrode arrays, 2, 927 Daily, 2004, Remote monitoring of leaks in storage tanks using electrical resistance tomography: application at the Hanford site, J. Environ. Eng., 9, 11 de Bari, 2011, Digital photogrammetric analysis and electrical resistivity tomography for investigating the Picerno landslide (Basilicata region, southern Italy), Geomorphology, 133, 34, 10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.06.013 de Nardis, 2005, Quasi-2D hybrid joint inversion of seismic and geoelectric data, Geophys. Prospect., 53, 705, 10.1111/j.1365-2478.2005.00497.x Demoulin, 2003, On the origin of late Quaternary palaeolandslides in the Liège (E Belgium) area, Int. J. Earth Sci., 92, 795, 10.1007/s00531-003-0354-7 Dey, 1979, Resistivity modeling for arbitrary shaped two-dimensional structures, Geophys. Prospect., 27, 106, 10.1111/j.1365-2478.1979.tb00961.x Di Maio, 2011, Water storage mapping of pyroclastic covers through electrical resistivity measurements, J. Appl. Geophys., 75, 196, 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2011.07.009 Di Maio, 2012, A study of the stability analysis of pyroclastic covers based on electrical resistivity measurements, J. Geophys. Eng., 9, 191, 10.1088/1742-2132/9/2/191 Donohue, 2012, Multi-method geophysical mapping of quick clay, Near Surf. Geophys., 10, 207, 10.3997/1873-0604.2012003 Drahor, 2006, Application of electrical resistivity tomography technique for investigation of landslides: a case from Turkey, Environ. Geol., 50, 147, 10.1007/s00254-006-0194-4 Edwards, 1977, A modified pseudosection for resistivity and IP, Geophysics, 42, 1020, 10.1190/1.1440762 Epada, 2012, Geophysical and geotechnical investigations of a landslide in Kekem area, western Cameroon, Int. J. Geosci., 3, 780, 10.4236/ijg.2012.34079 Erginal, 2009, Investigation of the nature of slip surface using geochemical analyses and 2-D electrical resistivity tomography: a case study from Lapseki area, NW Turkey, Environ. Geol., 58, 1167, 10.1007/s00254-008-1594-4 Farquharson, 2004, A comparison of automatic techniques for estimating the regularization parameter in non-linear inverse problem, Geophys. J. Int., 156, 411, 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02190.x Friedel, 2006, Investigation of a slope endangered by rainfall-induced landslides using 3D resistivity tomography and geotechnical testing, J. Appl. Geophys., 60, 100, 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2006.01.001 Gallardo, 2004, Joint two-dimensional DC resistivity and seismic travel time inversion with cross-gradients constraints, J. Geophys. Res., 109, 10.1029/2003JB002716 Gallardo, 2011, Structure-coupled multiphysics imaging in geophysical sciences, Rev. Geophys., 49, 10.1029/2010RG000330 Gallipoli, 2000, Comparison of geological and geophysical prospecting techniques in the study of a landslide in southern Italy, Eur. J. Environ. Eng. Geophys., 4, 117 Ganerød, 2008, Geological model of the Åknes rockslide, western Norway, Eng. Geol., 102, 1, 10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.01.018 Glenn, 2006, Analysis of LiDAR-derived topographic information for characterizing and differentiating landslide morphology and activity, Geomorphology, 73, 131, 10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.07.006 Godio, 2001, Electrical and electromagnetic investigation for landslide characterisation, Phys. Chem. Earth C, 26, 705 Godio, 2006, Geophysical characterisation of a rockslide in alpine region, Eng. Geol., 83, 273, 10.1016/j.enggeo.2005.06.034 Göktürkler, 2008, Geophysical investigation of a landslide: the Altındağ landslide site, İzmir (western Turkey), J. Appl. Geophys., 65, 84, 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2008.05.008 Grandjean, 2006, Caractérisation de la structure interne et de l'état hydrique de glissements argilo-marneux par tomographie géophysique: l'exemple du glissement-coulée de Super-Sauze (Alpes du Sud, France), Compt. Rendus Geosci., 338, 587, 10.1016/j.crte.2006.03.013 Grandjean, 2011, Structural study of the Ballandaz landslide (French Alps) using geophysical imagery, J. Appl. Geophys., 75, 531, 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2011.07.008 Griffiths, 1985, A multi-electrode array for resistivity surveying, First Break, 3, 16, 10.3997/1365-2397.1985013 Griffiths, 1990, Two dimensional resistivity mapping with a computer-controlled array, First Break, 8, 121, 10.3997/1365-2397.1990008 Günther Günther, 2006, Three-dimensional modelling and inversion of DC resistivity data incorporating topography — II. Inversion, Geophys. J. Int., 166, 506, 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03011.x Guzzetti, 2012, Landslide inventory maps: new tools for an old problem, Earth Sci. Rev., 112, 42, 10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.02.001 Hack, 2000, Geophysics for slope stability, Surv. Geophys., 21, 423, 10.1023/A:1006797126800 Hamdan, 2012, Joint inversion of 2D resistivity and seismic travel time data to image saltwater intrusion over karstic areas, Environ. Earth Sci Havenith, 2000, Geophysical investigations on seismically induced surface effects, case study of a landslide in the Suusamyr valley, Kyrgyzstan, Surv. Geophys., 21, 349 Hayley, 2011, Simultaneous time-lapse electrical resistivity inversion, J. Appl. Geophys., 75, 401, 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2011.06.035 Hee Song Geotek, 2002 Heincke, 2010, Combined three-dimensional electric and seismic tomography study on the Åknes rockslide in western Norway, J. Appl. Geophys., 70, 292, 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2009.12.004 Hibert, 2012, Characterizing landslides through geophysical data fusion: example of the La Valette landslide (France), Eng. Geol., 128, 23, 10.1016/j.enggeo.2011.05.001 Hilbich, 2011, Automated Time-lapse ERT for Improved Process Analysis and Monitoring of Frozen Ground, Permafr. Periglac. Process., 22, 306, 10.1002/ppp.732 Jardani, 2008, Pattern of groundwater flow inferred from the three-dimensional inversion of self potential data and application to geothermal fields, J. Geophys. Res., 113, 10.1029/2007JB005302 Jardani, 2012, Stochastic joint inversion of hydrogeophysical data for salt tracer test monitoring and hydraulic conductivity imaging, Adv. Water Resour Jomard, 2007, Identification of the gravitational boundary in weathered gneiss by geophysical survey: La Clapière landslide (France), J. Appl. Geophys., 62, 47, 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2006.07.003 Jomard, 2007, Characterization of an internal slope movement structure by hydrogeophysical surveying, Terra Nova, 19, 48, 10.1111/j.1365-3121.2006.00712.x Jomard, 2010, Electrical imaging of sliding geometry and fluids associated with a deep seated landslide (La Clapière, France), Earth Surf. Process. Landf., 35, 588 Jongmans, 2000, Application of 2D electrical and seismic tomography techniques for investigating landslides, Eur. J. Environ. Eng. Geophys., 5, 75 Jongmans, 2007, Geophysical investigation of landslides: a review, Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr., 178, 101, 10.2113/gssgfbull.178.2.101 Jongmans, 2009, Geophysical investigation of a large landslide in glaciolacustrine clays in the Trièves area (French Alps), Eng. Geol., 109, 45, 10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.10.005 Karaoulis, 2011, 4D active time constrained resistivity inversion, J. Appl. Geophys., 73, 25, 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2010.11.002 Kerkez, 2012, Design and performance of a wireless sensor network for catchment-scale snow and soil moisture measurements, Water Resour. Res., 48, 10.1029/2011WR011214 Kim, 2009, 4-D inversion of DC resistivity monitoring data acquired over a dynamically changing earth model, J. Appl. Geophys., 68, 522, 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2009.03.002 Kuras, 2009, Monitoring hydraulic processes with Automated time-Lapse Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ALERT), C. R. Geosci., 341, 868, 10.1016/j.crte.2009.07.010 LaBrecque, 1996, The effect of noise on OCCAM's inversion of resistivity tomography data, Geophysics, 61, 538, 10.1190/1.1443980 LaBrecque, 2001, Difference inversion of ERT dat. A fast inversion method for 3-D in situ monitoring, J. Environ. Eng. Geophys., 6, 83, 10.4133/JEEG6.2.83 Lanari, 2007, An overview of the small baseline subset algorithm: a DInSAR technique for surface deformation analysis, Pure Appl. Geophys., 164, 637, 10.1007/s00024-007-0192-9 Langston, 2011, Internal structure and hydrological functions of an alpine proglacial moraine, Hydrol. Process., 25, 2967 Lapenna, 2003, High-resolution geoelectrical tomographies in the study of the Giarrossa landslide (Potenza, Basilicata), Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ., 62, 259, 10.1007/s10064-002-0184-z Lapenna, 2005, 2D electrical resistivity imaging of some complex landslides in Lucanian Apennine chain, southern Italy, Geophysics, 70, B11, 10.1190/1.1926571 Le Roux, 2011, Deep geophysical investigation of the large Séchilienne landslide (Western Alps, France) and calibration with geological data, Eng. Geol., 120, 18, 10.1016/j.enggeo.2011.03.004 Lebourg, 2005, Geophysical survey to estimate the 3D sliding surface and the 4D evolution of the water pressure on part of a deep-seated landslide, Terra Nova, 17, 399, 10.1111/j.1365-3121.2005.00623.x Lebourg, 2010, Landslides triggered factors analysed by time lapse electrical survey and multidimensional statistical approach, Eng. Geol., 114, 238, 10.1016/j.enggeo.2010.05.001 Lee, 2008, A Study of the hydrogeological environment of the Lishan landslide area using resistivity image profiling and borehole data, Eng. Geol., 98, 115, 10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.01.012 Lehmann, 2013, Evolution of soil wetting patterns preceding a hydrologically induced landslide inferred from electrical resistivity survey and point measurements of volumetric water content and pore water pressure, Water Resour. Res., 49, 1, 10.1002/2013WR014560 Li, 1992, Approximate inverse mappings in DC resistivity problems, Geophys. J. Int., 109, 343, 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1992.tb00101.x Loke, 1999, Time lapse resistivity imaging inversion Loke Loke, 1996, Rapid least-squares inversion of apparent resistivity pseudosections by a quasi-Newton method, Geophys. Prospect., 44, 131, 10.1111/j.1365-2478.1996.tb00142.x Loke, 2003, A comparison of smooth and blocky inversion methods in 2D electrical imaging surveys, Explor. Geophys., 34, 182, 10.1071/EG03182 Loke, 2013, Recent developments in the direct-current geoelectrical imaging method, J. Appl. Geophys., 95, 135, 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2013.02.017 Loke, 2014, Smoothness-constrained time-lapse inversion of data from 3D resistivity surveys, Near Surf. Geophys., 12, 5, 10.3997/1873-0604.2013025 Lundstrom, 2009, Mapping of quick clay formations using geotechnical and geophysical methods, Landslides, 6, 1, 10.1007/s10346-009-0144-9 Luongo, 2012, A prototype system for time-lapse electrical resistivity tomographies, Int. J. Geophys, 10.1155/2012/176895 Mainsant, 2012, Ambient seismic noise monitoring of a clay landslide: Toward failure prediction, J. Geophys. Res., 117, 10.1029/2011JF002159 Marcato, 2012, Monitoring, numerical modelling and hazard mitigation of the Moscardo landslide (Eastern Italian Alps), Eng. Geol., 128, 95, 10.1016/j.enggeo.2011.09.014 Marescot, 2008, Resistivity and induced polarization surveys for slope instability studies in the Swiss Alps, Eng. Geol., 98, 18, 10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.01.010 McCann, 1990, Reconnaissance geophysical methods in landslide investigations, Eng. Geol., 29, 59, 10.1016/0013-7952(90)90082-C McClymont, 2010, Groundwater flow and storage within an alpine meadow-talus complex, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 859, 10.5194/hess-14-859-2010 Meric, 2005, Application of geophysical methods for the investigation of the large gravitational mass movement of Séchilienne, France, Can. Geotech. J., 42, 1105, 10.1139/t05-034 Migoń, 2010, Complex landslide terrain in the Kamienne Mountains, Middle Sudetes, SW Poland, Geomorphology, 124, 200, 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.09.024 Mondal, 2008, High resolution 2D electrical resistivity tomography to characterize active Naitwar Bazar landslide, Garhwal Himalaya, India, Curr. Sci., 94, 871 Morgenstern, 1965, The analysis of the stability of general slip surfaces, Geotechnique, 15, 79, 10.1680/geot.1965.15.1.79 Naudet, 2008, Integrated geophysical and geomorphological approach to investigate the snowmelt-triggered landslide of Bosco Piccolo village (Basilicata, southern Italy), Eng. Geol., 98, 156, 10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.02.008 Ogusnsuyi, 2010, Geophysical characterization of Peace River landslide Oldenburg, 1993, Generalized subspace methods for large-scale inverse problems, Geophys. J. Int., 114, 12, 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1993.tb01462.x Oldenburg, 1994, Inversion of induced polarization data, Geophysics, 59, 1327, 10.1190/1.1443692 Oppikofer, 2011, Detailed DEM analysis of a rockslide scar to characterize the basal sliding surface of active rockslides, J. Geophys. Res., 116, 10.1029/2010JF001807 Otto, 2006, Comparing geophysical methods for talus slope investigations in the Turtmann valley (Swiss Alps), Geomorphology, 76, 257, 10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.11.008 Panek, 2008, Application of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) in the study of various types of slope deformations in anisotropic bedrock: case studies from the Flysch Carpathians, Stud. Geomorphol. Carpatho Balc., XLII, 57 Park, 2005, Geological survey by electrical resistivity prospecting in landslide area, Geosyst. Eng., 8, 35, 10.1080/12269328.2005.10541234 Perrone, 2004, High-resolution electrical imaging of the Varco d'Izzo earthflow (southern Italy), J. Appl. Geophys., 56, 17, 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2004.03.004 Perrone, 2006, Joint analysis of SAR interferometry and electrical resistivity tomography surveys for investigating ground deformation: the case-study of Satriano di Lucania (Potenza, Italy), Eng. Geol., 88, 260, 10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.09.016 Perrone, 2008, Pore water pressures and slope stability: a joint geophysical and geotechnical analysis, J. Geophys. Eng., 5, 323, 10.1088/1742-2132/5/3/008 Petley, 2005, The use of surface monitoring data for the interpretation of landslide movement patterns, Geomorphology, 66, 133, 10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.09.011 Piegari, 2009, Electrical resistivity tomography and statistical analysis in landslide modelling: a conceptual approach, J. Appl. Geophys., 68, 151, 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2008.10.014 Ravindran, 2012, Prediction and control of landslide using W-4 system -2D electrical resistivity imaging technique in Padukadu, Ooty, Nilgiri district, Tamilnadu, India, ARPN J. Earth Sci., 1, 42 Ravindran, 2012, Landslide investigation study using seismic refraction and 2D electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) technique in Ooty, Nilgiri District, Tamilnadu, Int. J. Phys. Sci., 7, 6263 Reynolds, 1997 Roering, 2009, Using DInSAR, airborne, LiDAR, and archival air photos to quantify landsliding and sediment transport, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, 10.1029/2009GL040374 Sass, 2008, Comparison of GPR, 2D-resistivity and traditional techniques for the subsurface exploration of the Öschingen landslide, Swabian Alb (Germany), Geomorphology, 93, 89, 10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.12.019 Sastry, 2013, Geophysical Characterization of the Salna Sinking Zone, Garhwal Himalaya, India, Surv. Geophys., 34, 89, 10.1007/s10712-012-9206-y Schmutz, 2009, Determination of the 3D structure of an earthflow by geophysical methods The case of Super Sauze, in the French southern Alps, J. Appl. Geophys., 68, 500, 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2008.12.004 Schrott, 2008, Application of field geophysics in geomorphology: advances and limitations exemplified by case studies, Geomorphology, 93, 55, 10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.12.024 Shan, 2013, Mechanism of permafrost landslide based on GPS and Resistivity Surveying, 349 Socco, 2010, Geophysical investigation of the Sandalp rock avalanche deposits, J. Appl. Geophys., 70, 277, 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2009.12.005 Solberg, 2012, Combined geophysical and geotechnical approach to ground investigations and hazard zonation of a quick clay area, mid Norway, Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ., 71, 119, 10.1007/s10064-011-0363-x Squarzoni, 2005, Differential single-frequency GPS monitoring of the La Valette landslide (French Alps), Eng. Geol., 79, 215, 10.1016/j.enggeo.2005.01.015 Strozzi, 2010, Combined observations of rock mass movements using satellite SAR interferometry, differential GPS, airborne digital photogrammetry, and airborne photography interpretation, J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf., 115, 10.1029/2009JF001311 Stummer, 2002, Optimization of DC resistivity data acquisition: real-time experimental design and a new multielectrode system, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 40, 2727, 10.1109/TGRS.2002.807015 Supper, 2008, A complex geo-scientific strategy for landslide hazard mitigation-from airborne mapping to ground monitoring, Adv. Geosci., 14, 195, 10.5194/adgeo-14-195-2008 Supper, 2012, The GEOMON 4D electrical monitoring system: current state and future developments, 93, 23 Supper, 2012, The TEMPEL geoelectrical monitoring network for landslides: highlights of recent monitoring result, 93, 144 Travelletti, 2012, Hydrological response of weathered clay-shale slopes: water infiltration monitoring with time-lapse electrical resistivity, Hydrol. Process., 26, 2106, 10.1002/hyp.7983 Tric, 2010, Study of large-scale deformation induced by gravity on the La Clapière landslide (Saint-Etienne de Tinée, France) using numerical and geophysical approaches, J. Appl. Geophys., 70, 206, 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2009.12.008 Tsourlos, 1995, Modelling, interpretation and inversion of multielectrode resistivity survey data, 315pp Tsourlos, 2003, Time-lapse monitoring in single boreholes using electrical resistivity tomography, J. Environ. Eng. Geophys., 8, 1, 10.4133/JEEG8.1.1 Udphuay, 2011, Three-dimensional resistivity tomography in extreme coastal terrain amidst dense cultural signals: application to cliff stability assessment at the historic D-Day site, Geophys. J. Int., 185, 201, 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04915.x Van Den Eeckhaut, 2007, Morphology and internal structure of a dormant landslide in a hilly area: the Collinabos landslide (Belgium), Geomorphology, 89, 258, 10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.12.005 Ventura, 2011, Tracking and evolution of complex active landslides by multi-temporal airborne LiDAR data: the Montaguto landslide (Southern Italy), Remote Sens. Environ., 115, 3237, 10.1016/j.rse.2011.07.007 Wannamaker, 1992, IP2DI-v1.00 finite element program for dipole–dipole resistivity/IP forward modeling and parameterized inversion of two-dimensional earth resistivity structure Wilkinson, 2008, Extreme sensitivity of crosshole electrical resistivity tomography measurements to geometric errors, Geophys. J. Int., 173, 49, 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03725.x Wilkinson, 2010, Predicting the movements of permanently installed electrodes on an active landslide using time-lapse geoelectrical resistivity data only, Geophys. J. Int., 183, 543, 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04760.x Wilkinson, 2011, Long-term time-lapse geoelectrical monitoring, First Break, 29, 77, 10.3997/1365-2397.29.8.52134 Wilkinson, 2012, Practical aspects of applied optimized survey design for electrical resistivity tomography, Geophys. J. Int., 189, 428, 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05372.x Wilkinson, 2013, Optimised Sequential Experimental Design for Geoelectrical Resistivity Monitoring Surveys Yilmaz, 2007, Investigation of Gu¨rbulak Landslide Using 2D Electrical Resistivity Image Profiling Method (Trabzon, Northeastern Turkey), J. Environ. Eng. Geophys., 12, 199, 10.2113/JEEG12.2.199 Zerathe, 2012, Evolution stages of large deep-seated landslides at the front of a subalpine meridional chain (Maritime-Alps, France), Geomorphology, 138, 390, 10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.10.006