Human exposure modelling for chemical risk assessment: a review of current approaches and research and policy implications

Environmental Science and Policy - Tập 9 - Trang 261-274 - 2006
Michael Fryer1, Chris D. Collins2, Helen Ferrier3, Roy N. Colvile4, Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen1
1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Primary Care and Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
2Department of Soil Science, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6DW, UK
3National Farmers Union, Agriculture House, Stoneleigh Park, Stoneleigh, Warwickshire CV8 2LZ, UK
4Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK

Tài liệu tham khảo

Anon, 1996. The development, maintenance and dissemination of a European predicitive operator exposure model (EUROPOEM) database. AIR CT93-1370. A Concerted Action under the Agriculture and Agro-Industry including Fisheries (AIR) Specific Programme of the Community's Third Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development, Managed by DGVI.FII.3. Draft final report. Barraj, 2000 BIBRA International, 1995. A Critical Review of the Methodology for the Estimation of Dietary Intake of Food Chemicals in the UK. MAFF Report, 1A005. Burns, 1989, The HSE National Exposure Database (NEDB), Ann. Occup. Hyg., 33, 1, 10.1093/annhyg/33.1.1 CERC, 2001. Cambridge Environmental Research Consultants (CERC), 2001. ADMS 3 User Guide, Version 3.1. Cambridge. Colvile, 2001, Atmospheric dispersion modelling for assessment of exposure to arsenic for epidemiological studies in the Nitra Valley, Slovakia J. Geophys. Res., 106, 17421, 10.1029/2000JD900685 Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment (COT), 2002 Cowin, 2000, Diet in a group of 18-month-old children in South West England, and comparison with the results of a national survey, J. Hum. Nutr. Diet., 13, 87, 10.1046/j.1365-277x.2000.00220.x Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and the Environment Agency (DEFRA), 2002. The Contaminated Land Exposure Assessment (CLEA) model: Technical Basis and Algorithms, CLR10. Department of the Environment and Rural Affairs and the Devolved Administrations (DEFRA), 2003. Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETC), 2001. Exposure Factors Sourcebook for European Populations (with Focus on UK Data). Technical Report No. 79, Brussels. Farrier, 2002 Ferrier, 2002, Current knowledge and recent development in consumer exposure assessment of pesticides: a UK perspective, Food Addit. Contam., 19, 837, 10.1080/02652030210156322 Golder Associates, 2001 Golder Associates, 2003 Gregory, 1990 Gregory, 1995 Health and Safety Executive (HSE), 2000. The Assessment of Workplace Exposure to Substances Hazardous to Health: The EASE Model. van Hemmen, 2001, EUROPOEM, a predictive occupational exposure database for registration purposes of pesticides, Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg., 16, 246, 10.1080/104732201460406 Hertwich, 2000, A Systematic uncertainty analysis of an evaluative fate and exposure model, Risk Anal., 20, 439, 10.1111/0272-4332.204043 IGHRC, 2005. http://www.le.ac.uk/ieh/ighrc.html. Accessed on October 28, 2005. LifeLine Group Inc., 2001. Technical Manual: LifeLine™ Version 1.1 Software for Modeling Aggregate and Cumulative Exposure to Pesticides. Lunchick, 2001, Probabilistic exposure assessment of operator and residential non-dietary exposure, Ann. Occup. Hyg., 45, 29, 10.1016/S0003-4878(00)00109-5 Mills, 1992 Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food & Pesticide Safety Directorate (MAFF and PSD), 1996. Consumer Exposure Model: User Manual. National Research Council, (NRC), 1989 National Rivers Authority (NRA), 1990. SIMCAT Consent Setting Model—User Guide. The National Rivers Authority's R&D Programme. Project No. 022, Output Ref P-61, NRA Bristol. 2003 Office of Scientific Affairs, California Department of Toxic Substances Control (OSACDTSC), 1993 Organo Phosphates Case Study Group and infoscientific.com Inc. (OPCSGI), 2000. REx Residential Exposure Model: Technical Guide. Paustenbach, 2000, The practice of exposure assessment: a state-of-the-art review, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part B, 3, 179, 10.1080/10937400050045264 Perry, 1994, AERMOD: a dispersion model for industrial source applications Pilling, M.J. et al., 2004. Oxides of Nitrogen in the United Kingdom. DEFRA and the devolved administrations. Pesticide Safety Directorate (PSD), 1992. Predictive Operator Exposure Model: A User's Guide. Price, 2001 Riboli, 2001, The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC): Plans and Progress, Am. Soc. Nutr. Sci. J. Nutr., 131, 170S Risk Assessment, Toxicology Steering Committee (RATSC), 1999 Risk Assessment, Toxicology Steering Committee (RATSC), 1999 Risk Assessment, Toxicology Steering Committee (RATSC), 1999 Spence, L.R., Walden, T., 2001. Risk Integrated Software for Cleanups: RISC4 User's Manual. BP, October, 2001. United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), 1999 van Veen, M.P., 1995. CONSEXPO: A Program to Estimate Consumer Product Exposure And Uptake. RIVM report 612810 002. RIVM, Bilthoven. Vermeire, 1997, European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances (EUSES): principles and structure, Chemosphere, 34, 1823, 10.1016/S0045-6535(97)00017-9 World Health Organisation (WHO), 2000 Zartarian, 2002