Guía de práctica clínica en los tumores estromales gastrointestinales

Mazur, 1983, Gastric stromal tumors. Reappraisal of histogenesis, Am J Surg Pathol, 7, 507, 10.1097/00000478-198309000-00001 Thomas, 1995, Gastrointestinal cancer: incidence and prognosis by histologic type. SEER population-based data: 1978- 1987, Cancer, 75, 154, 10.1002/1097-0142(19950101)75:1+<154::AID-CNCR2820751305>3.0.CO;2-Z Miettinen, 2002, Pathology and diagnostic criteria of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs): a review, Eur J Cancer, 38, S39, 10.1016/S0959-8049(02)80602-5 Nilsson, 2005, Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: the incidence, prevalence, clinical course, and prognostication in the pre imatinib mesylate era, Cancer, 103, 821, 10.1002/cncr.20862 Tran, 2005, The epidemilogy of malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors: an análisis of 1,458 cases from 1992 to 2000, Am J Gastrotenterol, 100, 162, 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.40709.x DeMatteo, 2000, Two hundred gastrointestinal stromal tumors: Recurrence patterns and prognostic factors for survival, Ann Surg, 231, 51, 10.1097/00000658-200001000-00008 Ng, 1992, Prognostic factors influencing survival in gastrointestinal leiomyosarcomas. Implications for surgical management and staging, Ann Surg, 215, 68, 10.1097/00000658-199201000-00010 Eisenberg, 2004, Surgey and imatinib in the management of GIST: emerging approaches to adjuvant and neoadyuvant therapy, Ann Surg Oncol, 11, 465, 10.1245/ASO.2004.09.011 Kindblom, 1998, Gastrointestinal pacemaker cell tumor (GIPACT): gastrointestinal stromal tumors show phenotypic characteristics of the interstitial cells of Cajal, Am J Pathol, 152, 1259 Sircar, 1999, Interstitial cells of Cajal as precursors of gastrointestinal stromal tumors, Am J Surg Pathol, 23, 377, 10.1097/00000478-199904000-00002 Fletcher, 2002, Diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: A consensus approach, Hum Pathol, 33, 459, 10.1053/hupa.2002.123545 Hirota, 1998, Gain of function mutations of c-kit in human gastrointestinal stromal tumors, Science, 279, 577, 10.1126/science.279.5350.577 Heinrich, 2002, Biology and genetic aspects of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: KIT activation and cytogenetic alterations, Hum Pathol, 33, 484, 10.1053/hupa.2002.124124 Miettinen, 2001, Gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Definition, clinical, histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic features and differential diagnosis, Virchows Arch, 438, 1, 10.1007/s004280000338 Miettinen, 2005, Gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the stomach. A clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic study of 1765 cases with lomg-term follow-up, Am J Surg Pathol, 29, 52, 10.1097/01.pas.0000146010.92933.de Kim, 2001, Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: analysis of clinical and pathologic factors, Am Surg, 67, 135, 10.1177/000313480106700208 Lin, 2003, Clinical manifestations and prognostic factors in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors, World J Gastroenterol, 9, 2809, 10.3748/wjg.v9.i12.2809 Sakurai, 2004, Myxoid epithelioid gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) with mast cell infiltrations: a subtype of GIST with mutations of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha gene, Hum Pathol, 35, 1223, 10.1016/j.humpath.2004.07.008 Erlandson, 1996, Subclassification of gastrointestinal stromal tumors based on evaluation by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry, Ultrastruct Pathol, 20, 373, 10.3109/01913129609016340 Blay, 2004, Protein kinase C theta is highly expressed in gastrointestinal stromal tumors but not in other mesenchymal neoplasias, Clin Cancer Res, 10, 4089, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-0630 Duensing, 2004, Protein Kinase C theta (PKCtheta) expression and constitutive activation in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), Cancer Res, 64, 5127, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-0559 Tsujimura, 2001, Expression of the intermediate filament nestin in gastrointestinal stromal tumors and interstitial cells of Cajal, Am J Pathol, 158, 817, 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64029-1 Sakurai, 1999, Embryonic form of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SMemb/MHC-B) in gastrointestinal stromal tumor and interstitial cells of Cajal, Am J Pathol, 154, 23, 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65246-7 West, 2004, The novel marker, DOG1, is expressed ubiquitously in gastrointestinal stromal tumors irrespective of KIT or PDGFRA mutation status, Am J Pathol, 165, 107, 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63279-8 Shidham, 2002, Immunohistochemical comparison of gastrointestinal stromal tumor and solitary fibrous tumor, Arch Pathol Lab Med, 126, 1189, 10.5858/2002-126-1189-ICOGST Pylkkanen, 2003, Chromosome 22q alterations and expression of the NF2 gene product, merlin, in gastrointestinal stromal tumors, Hum Pathol, 34, 872, 10.1016/S0046-8177(03)00349-6 Corless, 2004, Biology of gastrointestinal tumors, J Clin Oncol, 22, 3813, 10.1200/JCO.2004.05.140 Heinrich, 2003, PDGFRA activating mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors, Science, 299, 708, 10.1126/science.1079666 Medeiros, 2004, KIT-negative gastrointestinal stromal tumors: proof of concept and therapeutic implications, Am J Surg Pathol, 28, 889, 10.1097/00000478-200407000-00007 De Saint Aubain Somerhausen, 1998, Gastrointestinal stromal tumors. An update, Sarcoma, 2, 133, 10.1080/13577149877885 Emory, 1999, Prognosis of gastrointestinal smooth muscle (stromal) tumors: Dependence on anatomic site, Am J Surg Pathol, 23, 82, 10.1097/00000478-199901000-00009 Howe, 2001, Small bowel sarcoma: analysis of survival from the national cancer data base, Ann Surg Oncol, 6, 496, 10.1007/s10434-001-0496-4 Martín, 2004, Prognostic value of pathologic variables and mutations type in patients with complete surgical resection of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). A GEIS study, Proceed Am Soc Clin Oncol, 22, 9029, 10.1200/jco.2004.22.14_suppl.9029 Joensuu, 2001, Effect of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 in a patient with a metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor, N Engl J Med, 344, 1052, 10.1056/NEJM200104053441404 Singer, 2002, Prognostic value of KIT mutation type, mitotic activity, and histologic subtype in gastrointestinal stromal tumors, J Clin Oncol, 20, 3898, 10.1200/JCO.2002.03.095 Emile, 2004, Clinicopathologic, phenotypic, and genotypic characteristics of gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors, Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2, 597, 10.1016/S1542-3565(04)00243-5 Aparicio, 2004, Prognostic factors after surgery of primary resectable gastrointestinal stromal tumours, Eur J Surg Oncol, 30, 1098, 10.1016/j.ejso.2004.06.016 Fujijmoto, 2003, Clinicopathologic study of primary malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the stomach, with special reference to prognostic factors: analysis of results in 140 surgically resected patients, Gastric Cancer, 6, 39, 10.1007/s101200300005 Trupiano, 2002, Trupia Gastric stromal tumors: a clinicopathologic study of 77 cases with correlation of features with nonaggressive and aggressive clinical behaviors, Am J Surg Pathol, 26, 705, 10.1097/00000478-200206000-00003 Goldblum, 1995, Stromal tumors of the duodenum. A histologic and immunohistochemical study of 20 cases, Am J Surg Pathol, 19, 71, 10.1097/00000478-199501000-00009 Toquet, 2002, Elevated (> or = 10%) MIB-1 proliferative index correlates with poor outcome in gastric stromal tumor patients: a study of 35 cases, Dig Dis Sci, 47, 2247, 10.1023/A:1020187211376 Mochizuki, 2004, Treatment and risk factors for recurrence after curative resection of gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the stomach, World J Surg, 28, 870, 10.1007/s00268-004-7418-0 Ernst, 1998, KIT mutation portends poor prognosis in gastrointestinal stromal/smooth muscle tumors, Lab Invest, 78, 1633 Taniguchi, 1999, Effect of c-kit mutation on prognosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors, Cancer Res, 59, 4297 Kim, 2004, Prognostic significance of c-kit mutation in localized gastrointestinal stromal tumors, Clin Cancer Res, 10, 3076, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-03-0581 Lasota, 1999, Mutations in exon 11 of c-kit occur preferentially in malignant versus benign gastrointestinal stromal tumors and do not occur in leiomyomas or leiomyosarcomas, Am J Pathol, 154, 53, 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65250-9 Corless, 2002, KIT mutations are common in incidental gastrointestinal stromal tumors one centimeter or less in size, Am J Pathol, 160, 1567, 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)61103-0 Wardelmann, 2003, Deletion of Trp-557 and Lys-558 in the juxtamembrane domain of the c-kit protooncogene is associated with metastatic behavior of gastrointestinal stromal tumors, Int J Cancer, 106, 887, 10.1002/ijc.11323 Martín J, Poveda A, Llombart-Bosch A, et al. Deletions affecting codons 557-558 of the c-kit gene indicate a poor prognosis in patients with completely resected gastrointestinal stromal tumors. A study by the spanish group for sarcoma research (GEIS). J Clin Oncol. 2005. En prensa. Lau, 2004, Imaging of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), Clinical Radiology, 59, 487, 10.1016/j.crad.2003.10.018 Chat, 1997, Endosonographic differentiation of benign and malignant stromal cell tumors, Gastrointest Endosc, 45, 468, 10.1016/S0016-5107(97)70175-5 Okubo, 2004, Endoscopic ultrasoundguided fine-needle aspiration biopsy for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors in the stomach, J Gastroenterol, 39, 747, 10.1007/s00535-004-1383-0 Arantes, 2004, Endoscopic sonographically guided fine-needle aspiration yield in submucosal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, J Ultrasound Med, 23, 1141, 10.7863/jum.2004.23.9.1141 Demetri, 2004, Optimal management of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Expansion and update of NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines, JNCCN, 2 Lee, 2004, Gastrointestinal stromal tumor: Computed tomographic featrures, World J Gastroenterol, 10, 2417, 10.3748/wjg.v10.i16.2417 Levy, 2003, Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: radiologic features with pathologic correlation, Radiographics, 23, 283, 10.1148/rg.232025146 Kim, 2004, Gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the stomach: CT findings and prediction of malignancy, AJR Am J Roentgenol, 183, 893, 10.2214/ajr.183.4.1830893 Hasegawa, 1998, Gastric stromal sarcomas correlation of MR imaging and histopatologic findings in nine patients, Radiology, 208, 591, 10.1148/radiology.208.3.9722833 Choi, 2004, CT evaluation of the response of gastrointestinal stromal tumors after imatinib mesylate treatment: a quantitative analysis correlated with FDG PET findings, AJR Am J Roentgenol, 183, 1619, 10.2214/ajr.183.6.01831619 Gayed, 2004, The role of 18F-FDG PET in staging and early prediction of response to therapy of recurrent gastrointestinal stromal tumors, J Nucl Med, 45, 17 Goerres GW, Stupp R, Barghouth G, et al. The value of PET, CT and in-line PET/CT in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumours: long-term outcome of treatment with imatinib mesylate [online]. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imag. 2004;Sep 4. Antoch, 2004, Comparison of PET, CT and dual-modality PET/CT imaging for monitoring of Imatinib (STI571) therapy in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumours, J Nucl Med, 45, 357 Casali, 2003, Tumor response to imatinib mesylate in advanced GIST, Proc Ann Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol, 22, 821 Kristensen CA. FDG-PET versus spiral CT for evaluation of STI-571 treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors [abstract 3311]. ASCO; 2003. Gelibter, 2004, PET scanning evaluation of response to imatinib mesylate therapy in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) patients, Anticancer Res, 24, 3147 Benjamin RS, Choi H, Charnsangavej Ch, et al. We should desist using RECIST, at least in GIST [resumen 195]. 9th Ann Meet of the Connective Tissue Oncology Society. 2003;6-8:40. Chen, 2002, Cystic changes in hepatic metastases from gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) treated with Gleevec (Imatinib mesylate), AJR Am J Roentgenol, 179, 1059, 10.2214/ajr.179.4.1791059 Demetri, 2002, Efficacy and safety of imatinib mesylate in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors, N Engl J Med, 22, 472, 10.1056/NEJMoa020461 Blay, 2005, Consensus meeting for the management of gastro intestinal stromal tumors. Report of the GIST consensus conference of March 20-21st, 2004, under the auspices of ESMO, Ann Oncol, 16, 566, 10.1093/annonc/mdi127 Joensuu, 2002, Management of malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumours, Lancet Oncol, 3, 655, 10.1016/S1470-2045(02)00899-9 Van den Abbeele, 2002, Use of positron emission tomography in oncology and its potential role to assess response to imatinib mesylate therapy in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), Eur J Cancer, 38, S60, 10.1016/S0959-8049(02)80604-9 Carson, 1994, Results of an aggressive treatment of gastric sarcoma, Ann Surg Oncol, 1, 244, 10.1007/BF02303530 Roberts, 2002, Clinical presentation of gastrointestinal stromal tumors and treatment of operable disease, Eur J Cancer, 38, 537 Blanke, 2001, Gastrointestinal stromal tumors, Current Treat Options Oncol, 6, 1 Patel, 2000, Management of peritoneal and hepatic metastases from gastrointestinal stromal tumors, Surg Oncol, 9, 67, 10.1016/S0960-7404(00)00027-X Miettinen, 2002, Evaluation of malignancy and prognosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a review, Hum Pathol, 33, 478, 10.1053/hupa.2002.124123 Hohenberger, 2003, Tumor resection following imatinib pretreatment in GI stromal tumors, Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol, 22, 818 Van Coeverden, 2003, Is there a role for post imatinib (salvage) surgery in gastrointestinal stromal tumors?, Proc Ann Meet Connective Tissue Oncology Society (CTOS), 40 Scaife, 2003, Is there a role for surgery in patients with “unresectable” c-KIT+ gastrointestinal stromal tumors treated with imatinib mesylate?, Am J Surg, 186, 665, 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2003.08.023 Chen, 1998, Complete hepatic resection of metastases from leiomyosarcoma prolongs survival, J Gastrointest Surg, 2, 151, 10.1016/S1091-255X(98)80006-1 Lang, 2000, Hepatic metastases from leiomyosarcoma, Ann Surg, 231, 500, 10.1097/00000658-200004000-00007 Mudan, 2000, Salvage surgery for patients with recurrent gastrointestinal sarcomas: prognostic factors to guide patient selection, Cancer, 88, 66, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(20000101)88:1<66::AID-CNCR10>3.0.CO;2-0 DeMatteo, 2001, Results of hepatic resection for sarcomas metastatic to liver, Ann Surg, 234, 540, 10.1097/00000658-200110000-00013 Demetri GD, Baker LH, Beech D, et al. NCCN Soft Tissue Sarcomas Practice Guidelines in Oncology [online]. V1.2005. Disponible en: www.nccn.org. Kindblom, 2003, Incidence, prevalence, phenotype and biologic spectrum of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST): a population based study of 600 cases, Ann Oncol, 13, 157 Rubin, 2000, Molecular insights into the histogenesis and pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tumors, Int J Surg Pathol, 8, 5, 10.1177/106689690000800105 Dagher, 2002, Report from the FDA. Approval summary: imatinib mesylate in the treatment of metastatic and/or unresectable malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors, Clin Cancer Res, 8, 3034 De Pas, 2003, Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: should they be treated with the same systemic chemotherapy as other soft tissue sarcomas?, Oncology, 64, 186, 10.1159/000067773 Trent, 2003, A two arm phase II study of temozolamide in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors and other soft tissue sarcomas, Cancer, 15, 2693, 10.1002/cncr.11875 García del Muro, 2001, Temozolomide as a 6-week continuous oral schedule in advanced soft tissue sarcomas (STS): a phase II trial of the Spanish Group for Research on Sarcomas (GEIS), Proc Ann Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol, 20, A354 Ryan, 2002, A phase II and pharmacokinetics study of ecteinascidin 743 in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumours, Oncologist, 7, 531, 10.1634/theoncologist.7-6-531 Blay, 2004, A phase II study of ET- 743/trabectedin (“Yondelis”) for patients with advanced gastrointestinal tumours, Eur J Cancer, 40, 1327, 10.1016/j.ejca.2004.02.005 Patel, 2001, Phase II clinical investigation of gemcitabine in advanced soft tissue sarcomas and window evaluation of dose rate on gemcitabine triphosphate accumulation, J Clin Oncol, 19, 3483, 10.1200/JCO.2001.19.15.3483 Plaat, 2000, Soft tissue leiomyosarcomas and malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumours: differences in clinical outcome and expression of multidrug resistance proteins, J Clin Oncol, 18, 3211, 10.1200/JCO.2000.18.18.3211 Druker, 1996, Effects of a selective inhibitor of the Abl tyrosine kinase on the growth of Bcr-Abl positive cells, Nat Med, 2, 561, 10.1038/nm0596-561 Druker, 2001, Efficacy and safety of an specific inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase in chronic myeloid leukemia, N Engl J Med, 344, 1031, 10.1056/NEJM200104053441401 Druker, 2001, Activity of an specific inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase in the blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia with the Philadelpia chromosome, N Engl J Med, 344, 1038, 10.1056/NEJM200104053441402 Tuveson, 2001, STI571 inactivation of the gastrointestinal estromal tumor c-KIT oncoprotein: biological and clinical implications, Oncogene, 20, 5054, 10.1038/sj.onc.1204704 Benjamin, 2003, Phase III dose-randomized study of imatinib mesylate (STI571) for GIST: Intergroup S0033 early results, Proc Ann Meet Am Assoc Clin Oncol, 22, A3271 Verweij, 2004, Progression-free survival in gastrointestinal stromal tumors with high-dose imatinib: randomized trial, Lancet, 364, 1127, 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17098-0 Bauer, 2003, Response to imatinib mesylate of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor with very low expression of KIT, Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 51, 261, 10.1007/s00280-002-0564-x Rankin, 2004, Dose effect of imatinib in patients with metastatic GIST- Phase III Sarcoma Group Study S0033 [abstract 9005], Proc Ann Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol, 22, A9005, 10.1200/jco.2004.22.14_suppl.9005 Blay, 2004, Continuous vs intermittent imatinib treatment in advanced GIST after one year: a prospective randomized phase III trial of the French Sarcoma Group, Proc Ann Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol, 23, 815 Judson, 2005, Imatinib pharmacokinetics in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumour: a retrospective population pharmacokinetic study over time. EORTC Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group, Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 55, 379, 10.1007/s00280-004-0876-0 Heinrich, 2003, Kinase mutations and imatinib response in patients with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor, J Clin Oncol, 21, 4342, 10.1200/JCO.2003.04.190 Debiec-Rychter, 2004, Use of c-KIT/PDGFRA mutational analysis to predict the clinical response to imatinib in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors entered on phase I and II studies of the EORTC Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group, Eur J Cancer, 40, 689, 10.1016/j.ejca.2003.11.025 Tamborini, 2004, A new mutation in the KIT ATP pocket causes acquired resistance to imatinib in a gastrointestinal stromal tumour patient, Gastroenterology, 127, 294, 10.1053/j.gastro.2004.02.021 Chen, 2004, A misense mutation in KIT kinase domain 1 correlates with imatinib resistance in gastrointestinal stroma tumors, Cancer Res, 64, 5913, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-0085 Fletcher, 2003, Mechanisms of resistance to imatinib mesylate (IM) in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), Proc Ann Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol, 22, A3275 Debiec-Rychter, 2005, Mechanisms of resistance to imatinib mesylate in gastrointestinal stromal tumors andactivity of the PKC412 inhibitor against imatinib-resistant mutants, Gastroenterology, 128, 270, 10.1053/j.gastro.2004.11.020 Sattler, 2004, Targeting c-kit mutations: basic science to novel therapies, Leukemia Research, 28S1, S11, 10.1016/j.leukres.2003.10.004 Van Oosterom, 2004, Combination signal transduction inhibition: A phase I/II trial of the oral mTOR-inhibitor everolimus (E, RAD001) and imatinib mesylate (IM) in patients (pts) with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) refractory to IM, Proc Ann Meet Am Soc Clin, 23, A3002 Demetri, 2003, Decreases in circulating levels of soluble KIT in patients with Imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) receiving the novel kinase inhibitor SU11248: correlative analysis of blood and plasma biomarkers, Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res, 94, A2970 Demetri, 2004, SU11248, a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, can overcome imatinib (IM) resistance caused by diverse genomic mechanisms in patients (pts) with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) [abstract 3001], Proc Ann Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol, 23, 195 Sakamoto, 2004, SU-11248 SUGEN, Curr Opin Investig Drugs, 5, 1329 Pietras, 2004, Increasing tumour uptake of anticancer drugs with imatinib, Sem Oncol, 31, 18, 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.03.036 Scotlandi, 2003, C-kit receptor expression in Ewinǵs sarcoma: lack of prognostic value but therapeutic targeting opportunities in appropiate conditions, J Clin Oncol, 21, 1952, 10.1200/JCO.2003.11.111