A simple and inexpensive chromium-reducible sulfur method for acid-sulfate soils

Ahern, 2004, Soil sampling handling, preparation and storage Åström, 1998, Mobility of Al, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and V in sulphide-bearing sediments exposed to atmospheric O2: an experimental study, Environ. Geol., 36, 219, 10.1007/s002540050338 Åström, 2001, Effect of widespread severely acidic soils on spatial features and abundance of trace elements in streams, J. Geochem. Explor., 73, 181, 10.1016/S0375-6742(01)00196-0 Backlund, 2005, An analytical procedure for determination of sulphur species and isotopes in boreal acid sulphate soils and sediments, Agric. Food Sci., 14, 70, 10.2137/1459606054224147 Burton, 2006, Acid-volatile sulfide oxidation in coastal floodplain drains: iron–sulfur cycling and effects on water quality, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 1217, 10.1021/es0520058 Burton, 2006, Sedimentary iron geochemistry in acidic waterways associated with coastal lowland acid sulfate soils, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 70, 5445, 10.1016/j.gca.2006.08.016 Burton, 2006, Reduced inorganic sulfur speciation in drain sediments from acid-sulfate soil landscapes, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 888, 10.1021/es0516763 Burton, 2006, Elemental sulfur in drain sediments associated with acid sulfate soils, Appl. Geochem., 21, 1240, 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.02.020 Burton, 2006, Fractionation and extractability of sulfur, iron and trace elements in sulfidic sediments, Chemosphere, 64, 1421, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.12.003 Burton, 2007, Reductive transformation of iron and sulfur in schwertmannite-rich accumulations associated with acidified coastal lowlands, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 71, 4456, 10.1016/j.gca.2007.07.007 Burton, 2008, Mobility of arsenic and selected metals during re-flooding of iron- and organic-rich acid sulfate soil, Chem. Geol., 253, 64, 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.04.006 Burton, 2008, Iron–sulfide and trace element behaviour in sediments of Coombabah Lake, Moreton Bay (Australia), Mar. Pollut. Bull., 56, 1353, 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.04.012 Bush, 1997, Morphology and behaviour of greigite from a Holocene sediment in Eastern Australia, Aust. J. Soil Res., 35, 853, 10.1071/S96114 Bush, 1999, Pyrite micromorphology in three Australian Holocene sediments, Aust. J. Soil Res., 37, 637, 10.1071/SR98113 Bush, 2004, Occurrence of marcasite in an organic-rich Holocene estuarine mud, Aust. J. Soil Res., 42, 617, 10.1071/SR03079 Canfield, 1986, The use of chromium reduction in the analysis of reduced inorganic sulfur in sediments and shales, Chem. Geol., 54, 149, 10.1016/0009-2541(86)90078-1 Cornwell, 1987, The characteristics of iron sulphide minerals in anoxic marine sediments, Marine Chem., 22, 193, 10.1016/0304-4203(87)90008-9 Dent, 1995, A world perspective on acid sulfate soils, Geoderma, 67, 263, 10.1016/0016-7061(95)00013-E Fanning, 2002, Sulfides and sulfates, 229 Fossing, 1989, Measurement of bacterial sulphate reduction in sediment: evaluation of a single-step chromium reduction method, Biogeochemistry, 8, 205, 10.1007/BF00002889 Hastings Council, 2004. Partridge Creek acid sulfate soil hot spot remediation program final report. Hastings Council, Port Macquarie, NSW, Australia. Hicks, W.S., Bowman, G.M., Fitzpatrick, R.W., 1999. East Trinity acid sulfate soils. Part 1: Environmental hazards. CSIRO Land and Water Technical Report 14/99. Howarth, 1984, Formation of 35S-labelled elemental sulfur and pyrite in coastal marine sediments (Limfjorden and Kysing Fjord, Denmark) during short-term 35SO42- reduction measurements, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 48, 1807, 10.1016/0016-7037(84)90034-6 Hsieh, 1997, Analysis of reduced inorganic sulfur by diffusion methods: improved apparatus and evaluation for sulfur isotopic studies, Chem. Geol., 137, 255, 10.1016/S0009-2541(96)00159-3 Hsieh, 1989, Diffusion methods for the determination of reduced inorganic sulfur species in sediments, Limnol. Oceanogr., 34, 1126, 10.4319/lo.1989.34.6.1126 Johnston, 2004, The acid flux dynamics of two artificial drains in acid sulfate soil backswamps on the Clarence River floodplain, Australia, Aust. J. Soil Res., 41, 1343, 10.1071/SR03027 Johnston, 2005, Changes in surface water quality after inundation of acid sulfate soils of different vegetation cover, Aust. J. Soil Res., 43, 1, 10.1071/SR04073 Kallmeyer, 2004, A cold chromium distillation procedure for radiolabeled sulfide applied to sulfate reduction measurements, Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods, 2, 171, 10.4319/lom.2004.2.171 Lin, 1993, Control of soil acidification by fluvial sedimentation in an estuarine floodplain, eastern Australia, Sediment. Geol., 85, 271, 10.1016/0037-0738(93)90088-M Lin, 2004, Controls on water acidification and de-oxygenation in an estuarine waterway, eastern Australia, Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 61, 55, 10.1016/j.ecss.2004.04.003 Macdonald, 2004, Impacts of runoff from sulfuric soils on sediment chemistry in an estuarine lake, Sci. Total Environ., 329, 115, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.02.016 Macdonald, 2007, Discharge of weathering products from acid sulfate soils after a rainfall event, Tweed River, eastern Australia, Appl. Geochem., 22, 2695, 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.07.004 McElnea, 2004, KCl extractable pH (pHKCl) and titratable actual acidity (TAA) – method codes 23A and 23F Newton, 1995, An evaluation of the use of the chromous chloride reduction method for isotopic analyses of pyrite in rocks and sediment, Chem. Geol., 125, 317, 10.1016/0009-2541(95)00098-7 Powell, 2005, A review of acid sulfate soil impacts, actions and policies that impact on water quality in Great Barrier Reef catchments, including a case study on remediation at East Trinity, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 51, 149, 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.10.047 Preda, 2001, Trace metals in acid sediments and water, Pimpama catchment, southeast Queensland, Australia, Environ. Geol., 40, 755, 10.1007/s002540100318 Soil Survey Staff, 2006. Keys to Soil Taxonomy, 10th ed. USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington, DC. Sullivan, 1997, Quantitative microanalysis of rough soil surfaces in the scanning electron microscope using a peak-to-background method, Soil Sci., 162, 749, 10.1097/00010694-199710000-00008 Sullivan, 1999, Comparison of peroxide oxidisable sulfur and chromium reducible sulfur methods for determination of reduced inorganic sulfur in soil, Aust. J. Soil Res., 37, 255, 10.1071/S98074 Sullivan, 2000, A modified chromium reducible sulfur method for reduced inorganic: optimum reaction time for acid sulfate soil, Aust. J. Soil Res., 38, 729, 10.1071/SR99088 Sullivan, 2004, Chromium reducible sulfur (SCR) – method code 22B Ulrich, 1997, A rapid and simple method for estimating sulfate reduction activity and quantifying inorganic sulfides, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 63, 1627, 10.1128/AEM.63.4.1627-1630.1997 van Breemen, 1973, Soil forming processes in acid sulfate soils, vol. 1, 66 Zhabina, 1978, A method of determination of various sulfur compounds in sea sediments and rocks, 735