Multi-agent simulation of group foraging in sheep: effects of spatial memory, conspecific attraction and plot size

Bailey, 1989, Characteristics of spatial memory in cattle, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 23, 331, 10.1016/0168-1591(89)90101-9 Bailey, 1996, Mechanisms that result in large herbivore grazing distribution patterns, J. Range Manage., 49, 386, 10.2307/4002919 Beauchamp, 1997, Influence of conspecific attraction on the spatial distribution of learning foragers in a patchy habitat, J. Anim. Ecol., 66, 671, 10.2307/5920 Beecham, 1998, Animal foraging from individual perspective: an object orientated model, Ecol. Model., 113, 141, 10.1016/S0304-3800(98)00139-2 Bell, 1987, Visual Interactive Simulation: history, recent developments and major issues, Simulation, 49, 109, 10.1177/003754978704900304 Belovsky, 1978, Diet optimization in a generalist herbivore: the moose, Theor. Pop. Biol., 14, 105, 10.1016/0040-5809(78)90007-2 Benhamou, 1994, Spatial memory and searching efficiency, Anim. Behav., 47, 1423, 10.1006/anbe.1994.1189 Berger, 1991, Pregnancy incentives, predation constraints and habitat shifts: experimental and field evidence for wild bighorn sheep, Anim. Behav., 41, 61, 10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80503-2 Breckling, 1994, Current trends in ecological modelling and the 8th ISEM conference on the state-of-the-art, Ecol. Model., 75, 667, 10.1016/0304-3800(94)90058-2 Buxton, 1962, Control and simulation language, Comp. J., 5, 194, 10.1093/comjnl/5.3.194 Campos, 1998, An agent-based framework for visual-interactive ecosystem simulations, SCS Trans., 15, 139 Carter, 1999, MOAB: a spatially explicit, individual-based expert system for creating animal foraging models, Ecol. Model., 119, 29, 10.1016/S0304-3800(99)00044-7 Coquillard, 1997, Modélisation et simulation d’écosystèmes-Des modèles déterministes aux simulations à événements discrets, 273 De Angelis, D. and Gross, L.J., 1992. Individual-based models and approaches in ecology: populations, communities, and ecosystems, Chapman and Hall, New York. Doram, 1997, From computer simulation to artificial societies, SCS Trans., 14, 69 Drogoul, 1995, MANTA: new experimental results on the emergence of (artificial) ant societies, 190 Dumont, 1998, Spatial memory of sheep at pasture, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 60, 43, 10.1016/S0168-1591(98)00152-X Dumont, 2000, The effect of the spatial distribution of plant species within the sward on the searching success of sheep when grazing, Grass For. Sci., 55, 138, 10.1046/j.1365-2494.2000.00207.x Edwards, 1996, The use of spatial memory by grazing animals to locate food patches in spatially heterogeneous environments: an example with sheep, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 50, 147, 10.1016/0168-1591(96)01077-5 Ferber, 1999 Fowler, 1997, 183 Gamma, 1995 Gillingham, 1989, Effects of learning on food selection and searching behaviour of deer, Can. J. Zool., 67, 24, 10.1139/z89-005 Grimm, 1999, Ten years of individual-based modelling in ecology: what have we learned and what could we learn in the future?, Ecol. Model., 115, 129, 10.1016/S0304-3800(98)00188-4 Hill, 1996, 291 Hill, 1998, An algorithmic model for invasive species: application to Caulerpa taxifolia (Vahl) C. Agardh development in the North-Western Mediterranean Sea, Ecol. Model., 109, 251, 10.1016/S0304-3800(98)00058-1 Hirvonen, 1999, Significance of memory properties in prey choice decisions, Ecol. Model., 115, 177, 10.1016/S0304-3800(98)00191-4 Howery, 2000, Cattle use visual cues to track food locations, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 67, 1, 10.1016/S0168-1591(99)00118-5 Hurrion, R.D., 1976. The design, use and required facilities of an Interactive Visual Computer Simulation Language to explore production planning problem, PhD Thesis, Univ. of London. Huston, 1988, New computer models unify ecological theory. Computer Simulation shows that many ecological patterns can be explained by interactions among individual organisms, BioScience, 38, 682, 10.2307/1310870 Laca, E.A. and Ortega, I.M., 1996. Integrating foraging mechanisms across spatial and temporal scales. In: West N.E. (Ed.), Rangelands in a Sustainable Biosphere. Proceedings of the Fifth International Rangeland Congress, Salt Lake City UT, vol. II, pp. 129–132. McGregor, 1999, Spatial accuracy in food-storing and nonstoring birds, Anim. Behav., 58, 727, 10.1006/anbe.1999.1190 Olton, 1981, Spatial memory and food searching strategies, 333 Parker, 1996, Foraging efficiency: energy expenditure versus energy gain in free-ranging black-tailed deer, Can. J. Zool., 74, 442, 10.1139/z96-051 Pidd, M., 1992. Object-orientation and three phase simulation. In: Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference, pp. 689–693. Railsback, 1999, Movement rules for individual-based models of stream fish, Ecol. Model., 123, 73, 10.1016/S0304-3800(99)00124-6 Roese, 1991, Habitat heterogeneity and foraging efficiency: an individual-based model, Ecol. Model., 57, 133, 10.1016/0304-3800(91)90058-9 SAS, 1989. SAS/STAT® User's Guide (Release 6.11), SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC. Shiyomi, 1999, Model for the spatial pattern formed by a small herd in grazing cattle, Ecol. Model., 119, 231, 10.1016/S0304-3800(99)00059-9 Töcher, 1963 Tu, 1994, Artificial fishes: physics, locomotion, perception and behaviour, 43 Turner, 1993, A landscape simulation model of winter foraging by large ungulates, Ecol. Model., 69, 163, 10.1016/0304-3800(93)90026-O Uhrmacher, 1997, Concepts of object- and agent-oriented simulation, SCS Trans., 14, 59 Wooldrige, 1995, Intelligent agents: theory and practice, Knowl. Eng. Rev., 10, 115, 10.1017/S0269888900008122 Zeigler, B.P., 1990. Object-oriented simulation with hierarchical, modular models – Intelligent agents and endomorphic systems, Academic Press, San Diego, CA.