The role of anxiety and depression in the irritable bowel syndrome

Alexander, 1950 Andrews, 1987, Psychiatric illness in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, Gut, 28, 1600, 10.1136/gut.28.12.1600 Benshoof, 1987 Blanchard, 1987, Psychological assessment and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, Behavior Modification, 12, 31 DiNardo, 1988 DiNardo, 1983, Reliability of DSM-III anxiety disorder categories using a new structured interview, Archives of General Psychiatry, 40, 1070, 10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790090032005 Drossman, 1988, Psychosocial factors in the irritable bowel syndrome: A multivariate study of patients and non-patients with irritable bowel syndrome, Gastroenterology, 95, 701, 10.1016/S0016-5085(88)80017-9 Esler, 1973, Levels of anxiety in colonic disorders, New England Journal of Medicine, 288, 16, 10.1056/NEJM197301042880104 Feighner, 1972, Diagnostic criteria for use in psychiatric research, Archives of General Psychiatry, 26, 57, 10.1001/archpsyc.1972.01750190059011 Hamilton, 1959, The assessment of anxiety states by rating, British Journal of Medical Psychology, 32, 50, 10.1111/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x Hamilton, 1960, A rating scale for depression, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 23, 56, 10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 Hislop, 1971, Psychological significance of the irritable colon syndrome, Gut, 12, 452, 10.1136/gut.12.6.452 Latimer, 1983 Liss, 1973, The irritable colon syndrome and psychiatric illness, Disease of the Nervous System, 34, 151 Sammons, 1987, Psychosocial variables in irritable bowel syndrome: A review and proposal, Clinic Psychology Review, 7, 187, 10.1016/0272-7358(87)90033-X Spitzer, 1983 Tarter, 1987, Inflammatory bowel disease: Psychiatric status of patients before and after disease onset, International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 17, 173, 10.2190/CB02-2V8B-Y624-R781 Wender, 1983, Prevalence of attention deficite disorder, residual type, and other psychiatric disorders in patients with irritable colon syndrome, American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 1579, 10.1176/ajp.140.12.1579 Whitehead, 1985 Whitehead, 1988, Symptoms of psychological distress associated with irritable bowel syndrome: Comparison of community and medical clinic samples, Gastroenterology, 95, 709, 10.1016/S0016-5085(88)80018-0 Young, 1976, Psychiatric illness and the irritable bowel syndrome: Practical implications for the primary physician, Gastroenterology, 70, 162, 10.1016/S0016-5085(76)80002-9