Treatment of obstetric post-dural puncture headache. Part 1: conservative and pharmacological management

Bier, 1899, Versuche ueber cocainisirung des rueckenmarkes, Dtsch Zeitschr Chir, 51, 361, 10.1007/BF02792160 Harrington, 2004, Postdural puncture headache and the development of the epidural blood patch, Reg Anesth Pain Med, 29, 136, 10.1097/00115550-200403000-00014 International Headache Society. IHS Classification ICHD-3 Beta. https://www.ichd-3.org/. Accessed August 20, 2018. Loures, 2014, Atypical headache following dural puncture in obstetrics, Int J Obstet Anesth, 23, 246, 10.1016/j.ijoa.2014.04.005 Choi, 2005, Postdural puncture headache, 192 Stella, 2007, Postpartum headache: is your work-up complete?, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 196, 318.e1, 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.01.034 Klein, 2010, Postpartum headache, Int J Obstet Anesth, 19, 422, 10.1016/j.ijoa.2010.07.009 Okell, 1987, Unintentional dural puncture. A survey of recognition and management, Anaesthesia, 42, 1110, 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1987.tb05181.x Sprigge, 2008, Accidental dural puncture and post dural puncture headache in obstetric anaesthesia: a 23-year survey in a district general hospital, Anaesthesia, 63, 36, 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2007.05285.x Hannerz, 1999, MR imaging with gadolinium in patients with and without post-lumbar puncture headache, Acta Radiol, 40, 135, 10.3109/02841859909177728 Boezaart, 2001, Effects of cerebrospinal fluid loss and epidural blood patch on cerebral blood flow in swine, Reg Anesth Pain Med, 26, 401, 10.1097/00115550-200109000-00003 Knight M, Kenyon S, Brocklehurst P, Neilson J, Shakespeare J, Kurinczuk JJ (eds.) on behalf of MBRRACE-UK. Saving Lives, Improving Mothers’ Care – Lessons learned to inform future maternity care from the UK and Ireland Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths and Morbidity 2009-12. Oxford National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit. University of Oxford 2014. Vandam, 1956, Long-term follow-up of patients who received 10.098 spinal anesthetics, JAMA, 161, 586, 10.1001/jama.1956.02970070018005 Webb, 2012, Unintentional dural puncture with a Tuohy needle increases risk of chronic headache, Anesth Analg, 115, 124, 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182501c06 MacArthur, 1993, Accidental dural puncture in obstetric patients and long term symptoms, BMJ, 306, 883, 10.1136/bmj.306.6882.883 Russell, 2019, Treatment of obstetric post-dural puncture headache. Epidural blood patch, Int J Obstet Anesth, 38, 104, 10.1016/j.ijoa.2018.12.005 PRISMA: transparent reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analysis. http://prisma-statement.org/. Accessed August 20, 2018. Arevalo-Rodriguez, 2016, Posture and fluids for preventing post-dural puncture headache, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 7, CD009199 Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland, 2013, Regional anaesthesia and patients with abnormalities of coagulation, Anaesthesia, 68, 966, 10.1111/anae.12359 Mosavy, 1975, Prevention of headache consequent upon dural puncture in obstetric patient, Anaesthesia, 30, 807, 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1975.tb00961.x Brownridge, 1983, The management of headache following accidental dural puncture in obstetric patients, Anaesth Intensive Care, 11, 4, 10.1177/0310057X8301100102 Sechzer, 1978, Post-spinal anesthesia headache treated with caffeine: evaluation with demand method (part 1), Curr Ther Res, 24, 307 Camann, 1990, Effects of oral caffeine on postdural puncture headache, Anesth Analg, 70, 181, 10.1213/00000539-199002000-00009 Jarvis, 1986, Intravenous caffeine for postdural puncture headache, Anesth Analg, 65, 316, 10.1213/00000539-198603000-00023 Ford, 1989, A simple treatment of post-lumbar-puncture headache, J Emerg Med, 7, 29, 10.1016/0736-4679(89)90406-X Halker, 2007, Caffeine for the prevention and treatment of postdural puncture headache: debunking the myth, Neurologist, 13, 323, 10.1097/NRL.0b013e318145480f NHS Choices. Breastfeeding and diet. https://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/Pages/breastfeeding-diet.aspx. [Accessed August 20, 2018]. Bolton, 1989, Postpartum seizure after epidural blood patch and intravenous caffeine sodium benzoate, Anesthesiology, 70, 146, 10.1097/00000542-198901000-00029 Paech, 1996, Unexpected postpartum seizures associated with post-dural puncture headache treated with caffeine, Int J Obstet Anesth, 5, 43, 10.1016/S0959-289X(96)80073-2 Van de Velde, 1999, Treatment for postdural puncture headache associated with late postpartum eclampsia, Acta Anaesthesiol Belg, 50, 99 Cohen, 1992, Grand mal seizure in a postpartum patient following intravenous infusion of caffeine sodium benzoate to treat persistent headache, J Clin Anesth, 4, 48, 10.1016/0952-8180(92)90121-G Marfurt, 2002, Recurrent post-partum seizures after epidural blood patch, Br J Anaesth, 90, 247, 10.1093/bja/aeg049 Knutti, 1981, Effect of pregnancy on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine, Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 21, 121, 10.1007/BF00637512 Yu, 2016, Pregnancy-induced changes in the pharmacokinetics of caffeine and its metabolites, J Clin Pharmacol, 56, 590, 10.1002/jcph.632 Feurstein, 1986, Theophylline relieves headache following lumbar puncture. Placebo-controlled double blind pilot study, Klin Wochenschr, 64, 216, 10.1007/BF01711650 Mahoori, 2013, Theophylline versus acetaminophen in the treatment of post-dural puncture headache, Middle East J Anesthesiol, 22, 289 Sen, 2014, Non invasive management of post dural puncture headache – a comparison, Bangladesh J Med Sci, 13, 114, 10.3329/bjms.v13i2.18292 Ergun, 2008, Intravenous theophylline decreases post-dural puncture headaches, J Clin Neurosci, 15, 1102, 10.1016/j.jocn.2007.11.001 Ergun, 2016, Intravenous theophylline rapidly decreases post-lumbar puncture headaches, Acts Neurol Belg, 116, 337, 10.1007/s13760-015-0562-5 Wu, 2016, A multicentre clinical study on treating post-dural puncture headache with intravenous injection of aminophylline, Pain Physician, 19, E761 Wu, 2018, Aminophylline for treatment of postdural puncture headache, Neurology, 90, e1523, 10.1212/WNL.0000000000005351 Rucklidge, 2004, Synacthen Depot® for the treatment of postdural puncture headache, Anaesthesia, 59, 138, 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2004.03573.x Zeeger, 2012, Comparison of cosyntropin versus caffeine for post-dural puncture headache: a randomized double-blind trial, World J Emerg Med, 3, 182, 10.5847/wjem.j.issn.1920-8642.2012.03.004 Hanling, 2016, Intravenous cosyntropin versus epidural blood patch for treatment of postdural puncture headache, Pain Med, 17, 1337, 10.1093/pm/pnw014 Oliver, 2002, Unexplained fitting in three parturients suffering from postdural puncture headache, Br J Anaesth, 89, 782, 10.1093/bja/89.5.782 Noyan Ashraf, 2007, Evaluation of intravenous hydrocortisone in reducing headache after spinal anesthesia: a double blind controlled clinical study, Middle East J Anaesthesiol, 19, 415 Alam, 2012, Role of very short-term intravenous hydrocortisone in reducing postdural puncture headache, J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol, 28, 190, 10.4103/0970-9185.94840 Kassim, 2016, Comparative study between hydrocortisone and mannitol in treatment of postdural puncture headache; a randomized double-blind study, Egyptian J Anaesth, 32, 357, 10.1016/j.egja.2016.05.004 Moral Turiel, 2002, Treatment of post-dural puncture headache with intravenous cortisone, Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim, 49, 101 Neves, 2005, Hydrocortisone treatment and prevent post-post-dural puncture headache; case reports, Rev Bras Anestesiol, 55, 343, 10.1590/S0034-70942005000300011 Gherghina, 2013, Effects of intravenous methylprednisolone in the treatment of post-dural puncture headache: a double blind controlled clinical study, Eur J Anaesthesiol, 30, S124, 10.1097/00003643-201306001-00386 Yang, 2015, Effect of dexamethasone in the incidence of post-dural puncture headache after spinal anesthesia: a randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled trial and meta-analysis, Acta Neurol Belg, 115, 59, 10.1007/s13760-014-0307-x Connelly, 2000, Sumatriptan in patients with postdural puncture headache, Headache, 40, 316, 10.1046/j.1526-4610.2000.00047.x Carp, 1994, Effects of the serotonin-receptor agonist sumatriptan on postdural puncture headache; report of six cases, Anesth Analg, 79, 180, 10.1213/00000539-199407000-00034 Riaz, 2014, Zolmitriptan is effective in relieving post-dural puncture headache in young parturients, Anaesth Pain Intensive Care, 18, 147 Stallard, 1995, Another complication of the combined extradural-subarachnoid technique, Br J Anaesth, 75, 370, 10.1093/bja/75.3.370 Hodgson, 1997, The use of sumatriptan in the treatment of postdural puncture headache, Anaesthesia, 52, 808 Sprigge, 1999, The use of sumatriptan in the treatment of postdural puncture headache after accidental lumbar puncture complicated a blood patch procedure, Anaesthesia, 54, 95, 10.1046/j.1365-2044.1999.0759q.x Roberts, 2000, Management of a septic patient with postdural puncture headache, Anaesthesia, 55, 720 Erol, 2006, The effect of oral gabapentin on postdural puncture headache, Acute Pain, 8, 169, 10.1016/j.acpain.2006.08.042 Erol, 2001, The analgesic and antiemetic efficacy of gabapentin or ergotamine/caffeine for the treatment of postdural puncture headache, Adv Med Sci, 56, 25, 10.2478/v10039-011-0009-z Wagner, 2012, Gabapentin in the treatment of post-dural puncture headache: a case series, Anaesth Intensive Care, 40, 714, 10.1177/0310057X1204000420 Mahoori, 2014, Comparing the effect of pregabalin, gabapentin and acetaminophen on post-dural puncture headache, Saudi J Anaesth, 8, 374, 10.4103/1658-354X.136436 Huseyinoglu, 2011, Effect of pregabalin on post-dural puncture headache following spinal anesthesia and lumbar puncture, J Clin Neurosci, 18, 1365, 10.1016/j.jocn.2011.02.029 NHS Special Pharmacy Service. Gabapentin and pregabalin – are they safe whilst breastfeeding? https://www.sps.nhs.uk/articles/gabapentin-and-pregabalin-are-they-safe-whilst-breastfeeding/. Accessed August 20, 2018. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Gabapentin. 2018. https://bnf.nice.org.uk/drug/gabapentin.html. Accessed 13 March 2018. Basurto Ona, 2015, Drug therapy for treating post-dural puncture headache, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 15, CD007887 British National Formulary. Desmopressin: Indication and dose. https://bnf.nice.org.uk/drug/desmopressin.html Accessed 13 March 2018. Hakim, 2005, Methylergonovine maleate (methergine) relieves postdural puncture headache in obstetric patients, Acta Obstet Gynaecol Scand, 84, 100, 10.1111/j.0001-6349.2005.0423a.x Fattahi, 2015, Effect of ondansetron on post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) in parturients undergoing cesarean section: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial, J Anesth, 29, 702, 10.1007/s00540-015-2000-5 Mahmoud, 2018, Addition of neostigmine and atropine to conventional management of postdural puncture headache: a randomized controlled trial, Anesth Analg, 127, 1434, 10.1213/ANE.0000000000003734 Dietzel, 2013, Acupuncture for treatment of therapy resistant post-dural puncture headache: a retrospective case series, Br J Anaesth, 111, 847, 10.1093/bja/aet369 Sharma, 2009, Acupuncture in the management of post-dural puncture headache following neuraxial analgesia, Int J Obstet Anesth, 18, 417, 10.1016/j.ijoa.2009.02.010 Perera, 1998, Acupuncture: an alternative treatment for post-dural puncture headaches following obstetric epidural or spinal, Acup Med, 16, 77, 10.1136/aim.16.2.77 Naja, 2009, Nerve stimulator-guided occipital nerve blockade for postdural puncture headache, Pain Practice, 9, S1, 10.1111/j.1533-2500.2008.00238.x Matute, 2008, Bilateral greater occipital nerve block for post dural puncture headache, Anaesthesia, 63, 557, 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2008.05531.x Niraj, 2014, Greater occipital nerve block for postdural puncture headache (PDPH): a prospective audit of a modified guideline for the management of PDPH and review of the literature, J Clin Anesth, 26, 539, 10.1016/j.jclinane.2014.03.006 Akyol, 2015, Ultrasound-guided bilateral greater occipital nerve block for the treatment of post-dural puncture headache, Pak J Med Sci, 31, 111 Uyar Turkyilmaz, 2016, Bilateral greater occipital nerve block for treatment of post-dural puncture headache after caesarean operations, Braz J Anesthesiol, 66, 445 Cohen, 2018, Topical sphenopalatine ganglion block compared with epidural blood patch for postdural puncture headache management in postpartum patients: a retrospective review, Reg Anesth Pain Med, 43, 880 Kent, 2015, Transnasal sphenopalatine ganglion block for the treatment of postdural puncture headache in the ED, Am J Emerg Med, 33, 1714, 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.03.024 Kent, 2016, Transnasal sphenopalatine ganglion block for the treatment of postdural puncture headache in obstetric patients, J Clin Anesth, 34, 194, 10.1016/j.jclinane.2016.04.009 Cohen, 2001, A new interest in an old remedy for headache and backache for our obstetric patients: a sphenopalatine ganglion block, Anaesthesia, 56, 606, 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2001.2094-34.x Cohen, 2009, Sphenopalatine ganglion block for postdural puncture headache, Anaesthesia, 64, 574, 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2009.05925.x Cohen, 2014, Sphenopalatine ganglion block: a safer alternative to epidural blood patch for postdural puncture headache, Reg Anesth Pain Med, 39, 563, 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000172 Furtado, 2018, Ropivacaine use in transnasal sphenopalatine ganglion block for post dural puncture headache in obstetric patients – case series, Rev Bras Anestesiol, 68, 421, 10.1016/j.bjan.2017.11.007 Goncalves, 2018, Sphenopalatine ganglion block by transnasal approach in postdural puncture headache, J Clin Anesth, 48, 50, 10.1016/j.jclinane.2018.05.006 Dubey, 2018, Intranasal lignocaine spray for sphenopalatine ganglion block for postdural puncture headache, Saudi J Anaesth, 12, 364, 10.4103/sja.SJA_680_17 Al-metwalli, 2008, Epidural morphine injections for prevention of post dural puncture headache, Anaesthesia, 63, 847, 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2008.05494.x Thangathurai, 1988, Epidural morphine and headache secondary to dural puncture, Anaesthesia, 43, 519, 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1988.tb06670.x Eldor, 1990, Epidural morphine injections for the treatment of postspinal headache, Can J Anaesth, 37, 710, 10.1007/BF03006510 Eldor, 1990, Late postspinal headache treated with epidural morphine, Anaesthesia, 45, 1099, 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1990.tb14936.x Stride, 1993, Dural taps revisited. A 20-year review from Birmingham Maternity Hospital, Anaesthesia, 48, 247, 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1993.tb06913.x Baraz, 2005, The management of accidental dural puncture during labour epidural analgesia: a survey of UK practice, Anaesthesia, 60, 673, 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2005.04222.x Che, 2016, Continuous epidural pumping of saline contributes to prevent and treat postdural puncture headache, J Clin Anesth, 34, 154, 10.1016/j.jclinane.2016.03.066 Kakinohana, 2001, Epidural injection with saline for treatment of postspinal headache: comparison with epidural blood patch, J Anesth, 15, 185, 10.1007/s005400170027 Usubiaga, 1967, Effect of saline injections on epidural and subarachnoid space pressures and relation to postspinal anesthesia headache, Anesth Analg, 46, 293 Bart, 1978, Comparison of epidural saline placement and epidural blood placement in the treatment of post-lumbar-puncture headache, Anesthesiology, 48, 221, 10.1097/00000542-197803000-00012 Abdulla, 2011, Caudal normal saline injections for the treatment of post-dural puncture headache, Pain Physician, 14, 271, 10.36076/ppj.2011/14/271 Gill, 2005, Visual impairment following epidural fluid injections and epiduroscopy: a review, Pain Med, 6, 367, 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2005.00062.x Aldrete, 1994, Persistent post-dural puncture headache treated with epidural infusion of dextran, Headache, 34, 265, 10.1111/j.1526-4610.1994.hed3405265.x Barrios-Alarcon, 1989, Relief of post-lumbar puncture headache with epidural dextran 40: a preliminary report, Reg Anesth, 14, 78 Bel, 2006, Epidural dextran-40 and paramethasone injection for treatment of spontaneous intracranial hypotension, Can J Anaesth, 53, 591, 10.1007/BF03021850 Sun, 2015, Epidural injection of hydroxyethyl starch in the management of post-dural puncture headache: a case series, Int J Clin Exp Med, 15, 8254 Vassal, 2013, Epidural injection of hydroxyethyl starch in the management of postdural puncture headache, Int J Obstet Anesth, 22, 153, 10.1016/j.ijoa.2013.01.003 Ambesh, 1991, Epidural gelatin (Gelfoam®) patch treatment for post dural puncture headache, Anaesth Intensive Care, 19, 444, 10.1177/0310057X9101900325 Chiron, 2003, Postdural puncture headache in a parturient with sickle cell disease: use of an epidural colloid patch, Can J Anaesth, 50, 812, 10.1007/BF03019377 Gerritse, 1997, Epidural fibrin glue injection stops persistent cerebrospinal fluid leak during long-term intrathecal catheterisation, Anesth Analg, 84, 1140, 10.1213/00000539-199705000-00035 Franzini, 2013, Treatment of spontaneous intracranial hypotension; evolution of the therapeutic and diagnostic modalities, Neurol Sci, 34, S151, 10.1007/s10072-013-1364-2 Freeman, 2014, Fibrin glue to treat spinal fluid leaks associated with intrathecal drug systems, Pain Practice, 14, 570, 10.1111/papr.12151 Wong, 2017, Successful treatment of postdural puncture headache using epidural fibrin glue patch after persistent failure of epidural blood patches, Pain Pract, 17, 956, 10.1111/papr.12541 Schievink, 2008, Anaphylactic reactions to fibrin sealant injection for spontaneous spinal CSF leaks, Neurology, 70, 885, 10.1212/01.WNL.0000265400.54810.13