Integration of photovoltaic energy supply with membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) for salt removal from brackish waters

AlMarzooqi, 2014, Application of capacitive deionisation in water desalination: a review, Desalination, 342, 3, 10.1016/j.desal.2014.02.031 Bian, 2016 Biesheuvel, 2010, Membrane capacitive deionization, J. Membr. Sci., 346, 256, 10.1016/j.memsci.2009.09.043 Bilton, 2011, On the feasibility of community-scale photovoltaic-powered reverse osmosis desalination systems for remote locations, Renew. Energy, 36, 3246, 10.1016/j.renene.2011.03.040 Bouhadana, 2010, Several basic and practical aspects related to electrochemical deionization of water, AIChE J., 56, 779 Cho, 2017, A novel three-dimensional desalination system utilizing honeycomb-shaped lattice structures for flow-electrode capacitive deionization, Energy Environ. Sci., 10, 1746, 10.1039/C7EE00698E Choi, 2014, Determination of the electrode potential causing Faradaic reactions in membrane capacitive deionization, Desalination, 347, 224, 10.1016/j.desal.2014.06.004 Długołęcki, 2013, Energy recovery in membrane capacitive deionization, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 4904, 10.1021/es3053202 Dykstra, 2016, Resistance identification and rational process design in Capacitive Deionization, Water Res., 88, 358, 10.1016/j.watres.2015.10.006 Elasaad, 2015, Field evaluation of a community scale solar powered water purification technology: a case study of a remote Mexican community application, Desalination, 375, 71, 10.1016/j.desal.2015.08.001 Elimelech, 2011, The future of seawater desalination: energy, technology, and the environment, Science, 333, 712, 10.1126/science.1200488 Fernandez-Gonzalez, 2015, Sustainability assessment of electrodialysis powered by photovoltaic solar energy for freshwater production, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 47, 604, 10.1016/j.rser.2015.03.018 Gao, 2015, Enhanced salt removal in an inverted capacitive deionization cell using amine modified microporous carbon cathodes, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 10920, 10.1021/acs.est.5b02320 Gao, 2016, Complementary surface charge for enhanced capacitive deionization, Water Res., 92, 275, 10.1016/j.watres.2016.01.048 Ghaffour, 2013, Technical review and evaluation of the economics of water desalination: current and future challenges for better water supply sustainability, Desalination, 309, 197, 10.1016/j.desal.2012.10.015 Kang, 2016, Direct energy recovery system for membrane capacitive deionization, Desalination, 398, 144, 10.1016/j.desal.2016.07.025 Kim, 2018, Semi-continuous capacitive deionization using multi-channel flow stream and ion exchange membranes, Desalination, 425, 104, 10.1016/j.desal.2017.10.012 Kim, 2010, Enhanced desalination efficiency in capacitive deionization with an ion-selective membrane, Separ. Purif. Technol., 71, 70, 10.1016/j.seppur.2009.10.026 Lakeh, 2017 Lee, 2014, Hybrid capacitive deionization to enhance the desalination performance of capacitive techniques, Energy Environ. Sci., 7, 3683, 10.1039/C4EE02378A Li, 2018, Design of nitrogen-doped cluster-like porous carbons with hierarchical hollow nanoarchitecture and their enhanced performance in capacitive deionization, Desalination, 430, 45, 10.1016/j.desal.2017.12.040 Oren, 2008, Capacitive deionization (CDI) for desalination and water treatment—past, present and future (a review), Desalination, 228, 10, 10.1016/j.desal.2007.08.005 Pekala, 1998, Carbon aerogels for electrochemical applications, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 225, 74, 10.1016/S0022-3093(98)00011-8 Porada, 2012, Effect of electrode thickness variation on operation of capacitive deionization, Electrochim. Acta, 75, 148, 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.04.083 Porada, 2013, Review on the science and technology of water desalination by capacitive deionization, Prog. Mater. Sci., 58, 1388, 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2013.03.005 Qiu, 2017, Preparation of polyethylene membranes filled with crosslinked sulfonated polystyrene for cation exchange and transport in membrane capacitive deionization process, Desalination, 417, 87, 10.1016/j.desal.2017.05.008 Qu, 2015, Characterization of resistances of a capacitive deionization system, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 9699, 10.1021/acs.est.5b02542 Schäfer, 2007, Renewable energy powered membrane technology. 1. Development and characterization of a photovoltaic hybrid membrane system, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 998, 10.1021/es061166o Suss, 2015, Water desalination via capacitive deionization: what is it and what can we expect from it?, Energy Environ. Sci., 8, 2296, 10.1039/C5EE00519A Wright, 2014, Justification for community-scale photovoltaic-powered electrodialysis desalination systems for inland rural villages in India, Desalination, 352, 82, 10.1016/j.desal.2014.07.035 Wright, 2017 Wu, 2016, Surface-treated carbon electrodes with modified potential of zero charge for capacitive deionization, Water Res., 93, 30, 10.1016/j.watres.2016.02.004 Zhao, 2012, Energy consumption and constant current operation in membrane capacitive deionization, Energy Environ. Sci., 5, 9520, 10.1039/c2ee21737f Zhao, 2013, Energy consumption in membrane capacitive deionization for different water recoveries and flow rates, and comparison with reverse osmosis, Desalination, 330, 35, 10.1016/j.desal.2013.08.017 Zhao, 2013, Optimization of salt adsorption rate in membrane capacitive deionization, Water Res., 47, 1941, 10.1016/j.watres.2013.01.025