The prognosis of untreated and of treated hypertension and advantages of early treatment

American Heart Journal - Tập 83 - Trang 825-840 - 1972
F.Horace Smirk1
1Wellcome Medical Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand

Tài liệu tham khảo

Keith, 1939, Some different types of essential hypertension: Their course and prognosis, Amer. J. Med. Sci., 197, 332, 10.1097/00000441-193903000-00006 Leishman, 1959, Hypertension-treated and untreated, Brit. Med. J., 1, 1361, 10.1136/bmj.1.5134.1361 Schottstaedt, 1953, The natural history and course of hypertension with papilledema (malignant hypertension), Amer. Heart J., 45, 331, 10.1016/0002-8703(53)90147-1 Bjork, 1960, Treatment and prognosis in malignant hypertension: Clinical follow-up study of 93 patients on modern medical treatment, Acta Med. Scand., 166, 175, 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1960.tb17368.x Frant, 1950, Prognosis of vascular hypertension, Arch. Intern. Med., 85, 727, 10.1001/archinte.1950.00230110002001 Hodge, 1961, Results of hypotensive therapy in arterial hypertension, Brit. Med. J., 1, 1, 10.1136/bmj.1.5218.1 Simpson, 1958, Prognosis in untreated hypertensive vascular disease, Scot. Med. J., 3, 1, 10.1177/003693305800300101 Pickering, 1968, High blood pressure, 367 Pickering, 1968, 387 Pickering, 1968, 414 Pickering, 1968, 420 Palmer, 1953, Course and prognosis of essential hypertension. Follow-up of 453 patients ten years after original series was closed, J.A.M.A., 153, 1, 10.1001/jama.1953.02940180003001 Gifford, 1966, Hypertensive cardiovascular disease. Effect of antipressor therapy on the course and prognosis, Amer. J. Cardiol., 17, 656, 10.1016/0002-9149(66)90403-6 Griep, 1951, The prognosis in arterial hypertension, Amer. J. Med. Sci., 221, 239, 10.1097/00000441-195103000-00001 Moyer, 1966, The changing outlook for the patient with hypertension, Amer. J. Cardiol., 17, 673, 10.1016/0002-9149(66)90406-1 Bechgaard, 1946, Arterial hypertension. A follow-up study of one thousand hypertonics, Acta Med. Scand., 172 Smirk, 1959, Basal and supplemental blood pressures in relationship to life expectancy and hypertension symptomatology, New Zeal. Med. J., 58, 711 Simpson, 1962, The treatment of malignant hypertension, Amer. J. Cardiol., 9, 868, 10.1016/0002-9149(62)90212-6 Breslin, 1966, Essential hypertension. A twenty-year follow-up study, Circulation, 33, 87, 10.1161/01.CIR.33.1.87 Leishman, 1953, Observations on prognosis in hypertension, Brit. Med. J., 1, 1131, 10.1136/bmj.1.4820.1131 Harington, 1959, Results of treatment in malignant hypertension, Brit. Med. J., 2, 969, 10.1136/bmj.2.5158.969 Breckenridge, 1970, Prognosis of treated hypertension, Quart. J. Med., 39, 411 Smirk, 1957, High arterial pressure, 104 Smirk, 1957, 378 Smirk, 1957, 401 Smirk, 1957, 430 Pickering, 1971, Reversibility of malignant hypertension, Lancet, 1, 413, 10.1016/S0140-6736(71)92411-1 Dustan, 1958, The effectiveness of long-term treatment of malignant hypertension, Circulation, 18, 644, 10.1161/01.CIR.18.4.644 North, 1961, Severe hypertension treated with ganglion-blocking drugs in a general hospital, Brit. Med. J., 1, 1426, 10.1136/bmj.1.5237.1426 Perry, 1966, Studies on control of hypertension. VIII. Mortality, morbidity and remissions during 12 years of intensive therapy, Circulation, 33, 958, 10.1161/01.CIR.33.6.958 Pickering, 1961 Hood, 1966, Analysis of mortality in hypertensive disease, 370 Hodge, 1967, The effect of drug treatment of hypertension on the distribution of deaths from various causes. A study of 173 deaths among hypertensive patients in the years 1959 to 1964 inclusive, Amer. Heart J., 73, 441, 10.1016/0002-8703(67)90198-6 Newman, 1959, Some aspects of prognosis in treated hypertension, Brit. Med. J., 1, 1368, 10.1136/bmj.1.5134.1368 Page, 1966, Drug treatment of hypertension, 602 Smirk, 1966, Review of article by A. N. Brest, “Advantages and disadvantages of combined drug treatment,”, 311 Page, 1962, Persistence of normal blood pressure after discontinuing treatment in hypertensive patients, Circulation, 25, 433, 10.1161/01.CIR.25.3.433 Smirk, 1964, Observations on the mortality of 270 treated and 199 untreated retinal grade 1 and 2 hypertensive patients followed in all instances for five years, New Zeal. Med. J., 63, 413 Gubner, 1962, Systolic hypertension: A pathogenetic entity. Significance and therapeutic considerations, Amer. J. Cardiol., 9, 773, 10.1016/0002-9149(62)90139-X 1959 Colandrea, 1970, Systolic hypertension in the elderly, Circulation, 61, 239, 10.1161/01.CIR.41.2.239 Bock, 1966, Spontaneous blood pressure variations in hypertention, 224 Perera, 1955, Relation of blood pressure lability to prognosis in hypertensive vascular disease, J. Chronic Dis., 1, 121, 10.1016/0021-9681(55)90203-4 Smirk, 1944, Casual and basal blood pressures. IV. Their relationship to the supplemental pressure with a note on statistical implications, Brit. Heart J., 6, 176, 10.1136/hrt.6.4.176 Simpson, 1966, Discussion of 3 papers on “long term treatment” by Freis, Smirk, and Hood, 390 Hamilton, 1964, The role of blood pressure control in preventing complications of hypertension, Lancet, 1, 235, 10.1016/S0140-6736(64)92344-X 1967, Effects of treatment on morbidity in hypertension: Results in patients with diastolic blood pressures averaging 115 through 129 mm. Hg, J.A.M.A., 202, 1028, 10.1001/jama.1967.03130240070013 1970, Effect of treatment on morbidity in hypertension: Results in patients with diastolic blood pressure averaging 90 through 114 mm. Hg, J.A.M.A., 213, 1143, 10.1001/jama.1970.03170330025003 Smith, 1955, Prevention and treatment of hypertensive heart failure by ganglion blocking agents, Lancet, 1, 417, 10.1016/S0140-6736(55)90209-9 Smirk, 1958, The treatment of hypertensive heart failure and of hypertensive cardiac overload by blood pressure reduction, Amer. J. Cardiol., 1, 143, 10.1016/0002-9149(58)90045-6 Douglas, 1964, Hypertensive cerebrovascular disease considered in relation to treatment with hypotensive drugs, Med. J. Aust., 2, 525, 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1964.tb109464.x Meyer, 1962, Medical treatment of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage by the use of hypotensive drugs, Neurology, 12, 36, 10.1212/WNL.12.1.36 Carter, 1970, Hypotensive therapy in stroke survivors, Lancet, 1, 485, 10.1016/S0140-6736(70)91577-1 Doyle, 1954, Methonium compounds in the angina of hypertension, Lancet, 1, 905, 10.1016/S0140-6736(54)91525-1 Hamilton, 1966, Selection of patients for antihypertensive therapy, 196 Leishman, 1966, Discussion of M. Hamilton's paper (Ref. 49), 208 Mathisen, 1969, The prognosis in long term treated and “untreated” essential hypertension, Acta Med. Scand., 185, 253, 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1969.tb07331.x Smirk, 1964, Prognosis of hypertension and the effects of drug therapy, 375 Smirk, 1965, Prognosis in retinal grade 1 and 2 patients, 355 Marshall, 1961, Survival after nonhemorrhagic cerebrovascular accidents, Brit. Med. J., 2, 73, 10.1136/bmj.2.5244.73 Marshall, 1964, A trial of long-term hypotensive therapy in cerebrovascular diseas, Lancet, 1, 10, 10.1016/S0140-6736(64)92157-9 Bauer, 1966, The changing pattern of hypertensive disease, Med. J. Aust., 1, 698, 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1966.tb72753.x Lee, 1963, Freedom from cerebral vascular accidents during drug-induced blood pressure reduction in “benign” hypertensive disease, Amer. J. Cardiol., 11, 738, 10.1016/0002-9149(63)90101-2 1966, Statist. Bull. Metrop. Life Insur. Co., 47, 8 1970, Statist. Bull. Metrop. Life Insur. Co., 51, 5 Gordon, 1966, The epidemiology of cerebral vascular disease in Canada. An analysis of mortality data, Canad. Med. Ass. J., 95, 1004 Yates, 1964, A change in the pattern of cerebrovascular disease, Lancet, 1, 65, 10.1016/S0140-6736(64)91389-3 Krueger, 1967, Trends in death rates from cerebrovascular disease in Memphis, Tennessee, 1920–1960, J. Chronic Dis., 20, 129, 10.1016/0021-9681(67)90047-1 Wolff, 1966, Effects of treatment in hypertension. Results of a controlled study, J. Chronic Dis., 19, 227, 10.1016/0021-9681(66)90128-7 Smirk, 1963, Causes of death in treated hypertensive patients, Brit. Med. J., 2, 1221, 10.1136/bmj.2.5367.1221 Clark, 1971, Effects of immunosympathectomy on development of high blood pressure in genetically hypertensive rats, Circ. Res., 28, 330, 10.1161/01.RES.28.3.330 Smirk, 1970, The neurogenically maintained component in hypertension, Circ. Res., 26 and 27, 55 Hart, 1970, Semicontinuous screening of a whole community for hypertension, Lancet, 2, 223, 10.1016/S0140-6736(70)92582-1 Levy, 1947, Sustained hypertension: Predisposing factors and causes of disability and death, J.A.M.A., 135, 77, 10.1001/jama.1947.02890020007003 Kimura, 1965, Epidemiologic study of hypertension. Comparative results of hypertensive surveys in two areas in northern Japan, Amer. J. Clin. Nutr., 17, 381, 10.1093/ajcn/17.6.381 Caldwell, 1970, The dropout problem in antihypertensive treatment. A pilot study of social and emotional factors influencing a patient's ability to follow antihypertensive treatment, J. Chronic Dis., 22, 579, 10.1016/0021-9681(70)90034-2 Schweitzer, 1965, The epidemiology of primary hypertension. Present status, J. Chronic Dis., 18, 847, 10.1016/0021-9681(65)90021-4