Effects of successive subculturing on stability, virulence, conidial yield, germination and shelf-life of entomopathogenic fungi

Ansari, 2006, Field trials against Hoplia philanthus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) with a combination of an entomopathogenic nematode and the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae CLO 53, Biol Control, 39, 453, 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.07.004

Ansari, 2007, Control of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) pupae with Metarhizium anisopliae in peat and peat alternative growing media, Biol Control, 40, 293, 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.12.007

Ansari, 2008, Efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi against soil-dwelling life stages of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in plant growing media, Entomol Exp Appl, 127, 80, 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2008.00674.x

Ansari, 2009, Identification of pathogenic strains of entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi for wireworm control, Crop Prot, 28, 269, 10.1016/j.cropro.2008.11.003

Ansari, 2010, Susceptibility of Culicoides biting midges larvae to the insect pathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae: prospects for bluetongue vector control, Acta Trop, 113, 1, 10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.08.022

Ansari, 2011, Entomopathogenic fungus as a biological control for an important vector of livestock disease: the Culicoides biting midge, PLoS ONE, 6, e16108, 10.1371/journal.pone.0016108

Arcas, 1999, Bioinsecticidal activity of conidia and dry mycelium preparations of two isolates of Beauveria bassiana against the sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis, J Biotechnol, 67, 151, 10.1016/S0168-1656(98)00173-4

Bhanu, 2008, Statistical optimization of process variables for the large-scale production of Metarhizium anisopliae conidiospores in solid-state fermentation, Bioresour Technol, 99, 1530, 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.04.031

Brownbridge, 2001, Effects of in-vitro passage of Beauveria bassiana on virulence to Bemisia argentifolii, J Invertebr Pathol, 77, 280, 10.1006/jipa.2001.5020

Bruck, 2004, Natural occurrences of entomopathogens in pacific northwest nursery soils and their virulence to the black vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Environ Entomol, 33, 1335, 10.1603/0046-225X-33.5.1335

Butt, 2000, Bioassays of Entomopathogenic Microbes and Nematodes, 141, 10.1079/9780851994222.0141

Butt, 1998, Molecular Variation of Fungal Pathogens, 149

Butt, 2006, An Ecological and Societal Approach to Biological Control, 213, 10.1007/978-1-4020-4401-4_10

Faria, 2007, Mycoinsecticides and Mycoacaricides: a comprehensive list with worldwide coverage and international classification of formulation types, Biol Control, 43, 237, 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.08.001

Goettel, 1997, Manual of Techniques in Insect Pathology, 213, 10.1016/B978-012432555-5/50013-0

Hayden, 1992, Pathogenicity of several fungi toward the English grain aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) and enhancement of virulence with host passage of Paecilomyces farinosus, J Econ Entomol, 85, 58, 10.1093/jee/85.1.58

Hutwimmer, 2008, Algorithm-based design of synthetic growth media stimulating virulence properties of Metarhizium anisopliae conidia, J Appl Microbiol, 105, 2026, 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03872.x

Ibrahim, 2002, Effect of artificial culture media on germination, growth, virulence and surface properties of the entomopathogenic hyphomycete Metarhizium anisopliae, Mycol Res, 106, 705, 10.1017/S0953756202006044

Jenkins, 1998, Development of mass production technology for aerial conidia for use as mycopesticides, Biocontrol News Inform, 19, 21N

Leal-Bertioli, 2000, Genetic exchange in Metarhizium anisopliae strains coinfecting Phaedon cochleariae is revealed by molecular markers, Mycol Res, 104, 409, 10.1017/S0953756299001549

LeOra Software POLO-PC, 1987, A User’s Guide to Probit for Logit Analysis

Lösch, 2010, Carbon utilization pattern as a potential quality control criterion for virulence of Beauveria brongniartii, J Invertebr Pathol, 104, 58, 10.1016/j.jip.2010.01.007

Moore, 1997, Viability of stored conidia of Metarhizium flavoviridae Gams and Rozsypal, produced under different culture regimes and stored with clays, Biocontrol Sci Technol, 7, 335, 10.1080/09583159730749

Moore, 1996, Effects of moisture content and temperature on storage of Metarhizium flavoridae conidia, Biocontrol Sci Technol, 6, 51, 10.1080/09583159650039520

Nahar, 2008, Effect of repeated in vitro subculturing on the virulence of Metarhizium anisopliae against Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Biocontrol Sci Technol, 18, 337, 10.1080/09583150801935650

Poprawski, 1985, Comparative susceptibility of Otiorhynchus sulcatus and Sitona lineatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) early stages to five entomopathogenic Hyphomycetes, Environ Entomol, 14, 247, 10.1093/ee/14.3.247

Rangel, 2004, Variations in UV-B tolerance and germination speed of Metarhizium anisopliae conidia produced on insects and artificial substrates, J Invertebr Pathol, 87, 77, 10.1016/j.jip.2004.06.007

Santoro, 2007, Interference of bioassay methods on the results of entomopathogenic fungi selection for insect control, Pesq Agropec Bras, 42, 483, 10.1590/S0100-204X2007000400005

Shah, 2005, Influence of nutrition on the production and physiology of sectors produced by the insect pathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, FEMS Microbiol Lett, 250, 201, 10.1016/j.femsle.2005.07.011

Shah, 2005, Nutrition influences growth and virulence of the insect-pathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, FEMS Microbiol Lett, 251, 259, 10.1016/j.femsle.2005.08.010

Shah, 2007, Repeated in-vitro subculturing alters spore surface properties and virulence of Metarhizium anisopliae, FEMS Microbiol Lett, 276, 60, 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00927.x

Small, 2005, Up-regulation of Pr1, a subtilisin-like protease, during conidiation in the insect pathogen Metarhizium anisopliae, Mycol Res, 109, 307, 10.1017/S0953756204001856

SPSS Inc, 2007, SPSS Statistical Software CD-ROM Version 16.0 for Windows

St Leger, 1987, Characterization of cuticle-degrading proteases produced by the entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae, Arch Biochem Biophys, 253, 221, 10.1016/0003-9861(87)90655-2

St Leger, 1991, Change in translatable mRNA species associated with nutrient deprivation and protease synthesis in Metarhizium anisopliae, J Gen Microbiol, 137, 807, 10.1099/00221287-137-4-807

Vandenberg, 2004, Effect of serial transfer of three strains of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus on growth in-vitro, virulence, and host specificity, J Invertebr Pathol, 85, 40, 10.1016/j.jip.2003.12.004

Wang, 2002, Detection and characterisation of pr1 virulent gene deficiencies in the insect pathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, FEMS Microbiol Lett, 213, 251, 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11314.x

Wraight, 2001, Fungi as Biocontrol Agents: Progress, Problems and Potential, 253, 10.1079/9780851993560.0253

Ye, 2006, New solid-state fermentation chamber for bulk production of aerial conidial of fungal biocontrol agents on rice, Biotechnol Lett, 28, 799, 10.1007/s10529-006-9004-z