ESMO consensus guidelines for the management of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer
Tài liệu tham khảo
Ferlay, 2013, Cancer incidence and mortality patterns in Europe: estimates for 40 countries in 2012, Eur J Cancer, 49, 1374, 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.12.027
Ferlay, 2015, Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012, Int J Cancer, 136, E359, 10.1002/ijc.29210
Schmoll, 2012, ESMO consensus guidelines for management of patients with colon and rectal cancer. A personalized approach to clinical decision making, Ann Oncol, 23, 2479, 10.1093/annonc/mds236
Dykewicz, 2001, Summary of the guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections among hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, Clin Infect Dis, 33, 139, 10.1086/321805
Van Cutsem, 2014, Metastatic colorectal cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up, Ann Oncol, 25, iii1, 10.1093/annonc/mdu260
Neumeister, 2012, Quantitative assessment of effect of preanalytic cold ischemic time on protein expression in breast cancer tissues, J Natl Cancer Inst, 104, 1815, 10.1093/jnci/djs438
Portier, 2013, Delay to formalin fixation ‘cold ischemia time’: effect on ERBB2 detection by in-situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, Mod Pathol, 26, 1, 10.1038/modpathol.2012.123
Engel, 2011, Effects of preanalytical variables on the detection of proteins by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue, Arch Pathol Lab Med, 135, 537, 10.5858/2010-0702-RAIR.1
Arber, 2002, Effect of prolonged formalin fixation on the immunohistochemical reactivity of breast markers, Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol, 10, 183, 10.1097/00129039-200206000-00015
Babic, 2010, The impact of pre-analytical processing on staining quality for H&E, dual hapten, dual color in situ hybridization and fluorescent in situ hybridization assays, Methods, 52, 287, 10.1016/j.ymeth.2010.08.012
Chafin, 2013, Rapid two-temperature formalin fixation, PLoS One, 8, e54138, 10.1371/journal.pone.0054138
Kerr, 2014, Second ESMO consensus conference on lung cancer: pathology and molecular biomarkers for non-small-cell lung cancer, Ann Oncol, 25, 1681, 10.1093/annonc/mdu145
van Krieken, 2008, KRAS mutation testing for predicting response to anti-EGFR therapy for colorectal carcinoma: proposal for an European quality assurance program, Virchows Arch, 453, 417, 10.1007/s00428-008-0665-y
Dijkstra, 2013, KRAS mutation analysis on low percentage of colon cancer cells: the importance of quality assurance, Virchows Arch, 462, 39, 10.1007/s00428-012-1356-2
Tsiatis, 2010, Comparison of Sanger sequencing, pyrosequencing, and melting curve analysis for the detection of KRAS mutations: diagnostic and clinical implications, J Mol Diagn, 12, 425, 10.2353/jmoldx.2010.090188
Carotenuto, 2010, Detection of KRAS mutations in colorectal carcinoma patients with an integrated PCR/sequencing and real-time PCR approach, Pharmacogenomics, 11, 1169, 10.2217/pgs.10.86
Tol, 2010, High sensitivity of both sequencing and real-time PCR analysis of KRAS mutations in colorectal cancer tissue, J Cell Mol Med, 14, 2122, 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00788.x
Etienne-Grimaldi, 2008, K-Ras mutations and treatment outcome in colorectal cancer patients receiving exclusive fluoropyrimidine therapy, Clin Cancer Res, 14, 4830, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-4906
Losi, 1992, Stability of K-ras mutations throughout the natural history of human colorectal cancer, Eur J Cancer, 28A, 1115, 10.1016/0959-8049(92)90468-H
Suchy, 1992, K-ras point mutations in human colorectal carcinomas: relation to aneuploidy and metastasis, Int J Cancer, 52, 30, 10.1002/ijc.2910520107
Weber, 2007, Allelotyping analyses of synchronous primary and metastasis CIN colon cancers identified different subtypes, Int J Cancer, 120, 524, 10.1002/ijc.22343
Zauber, 2003, Molecular changes in the Ki-ras and APC genes in primary colorectal carcinoma and synchronous metastases compared with the findings in accompanying adenomas, Mol Pathol, 56, 137, 10.1136/mp.56.3.137
Oudejans, 1991, Differential activation of ras genes by point mutation in human colon cancer with metastases to either lung or liver, Int J Cancer, 49, 875, 10.1002/ijc.2910490613
Al-Mulla, 1998, Heterogeneity of mutant versus wild-type Ki-ras in primary and metastatic colorectal carcinomas, and association of codon-12 valine with early mortality, J Pathol, 185, 130, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9896(199806)185:2<130::AID-PATH85>3.0.CO;2-M
Albanese, 2004, Heterogeneity within and between primary colorectal carcinomas and matched metastases as revealed by analysis of Ki-ras and p53 mutations, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 325, 784, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.10.111
Oliveira, 2007, KRAS and BRAF oncogenic mutations in MSS colorectal carcinoma progression, Oncogene, 26, 158, 10.1038/sj.onc.1209758
Artale, 2008, Mutations of KRAS and BRAF in primary and matched metastatic sites of colorectal cancer, J Clin Oncol, 26, 4217, 10.1200/JCO.2008.18.7286
Santini, 2008, High concordance of KRAS status between primary colorectal tumors and related metastatic sites: implications for clinical practice, Oncologist, 13, 1270, 10.1634/theoncologist.2008-0181
Cejas, 2009, KRAS mutations in primary colorectal cancer tumors and related metastases: a potential role in prediction of lung metastasis, PLoS One, 4, e8199, 10.1371/journal.pone.0008199
Garm Spindler, 2009, The importance of KRAS mutations and EGF61A>G polymorphism to the effect of cetuximab and irinotecan in metastatic colorectal cancer, Ann Oncol, 20, 879, 10.1093/annonc/mdn712
Loupakis, 2009, PTEN expression and KRAS mutations on primary tumors and metastases in the prediction of benefit from cetuximab plus irinotecan for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, J Clin Oncol, 27, 2622, 10.1200/JCO.2008.20.2796
Molinari, 2009, Differing deregulation of EGFR and downstream proteins in primary colorectal cancer and related metastatic sites may be clinically relevant, Br J Cancer, 100, 1087, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604848
Perrone, 2009, PI3KCA/PTEN deregulation contributes to impaired responses to cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer patients, Ann Oncol, 20, 84, 10.1093/annonc/mdn541
Baldus, 2010, Prevalence and heterogeneity of KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations in primary colorectal adenocarcinomas and their corresponding metastases, Clin Cancer Res, 16, 790, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-2446
Italiano, 2010, KRAS and BRAF mutational status in primary colorectal tumors and related metastatic sites: biological and clinical implications, Ann Surg Oncol, 17, 1429, 10.1245/s10434-009-0864-z
Knijn, 2011, KRAS mutation analysis: a comparison between primary tumours and matched liver metastases in 305 colorectal cancer patients, Br J Cancer, 104, 1020, 10.1038/bjc.2011.26
Corcoran, 2012, EGFR-mediated re-activation of MAPK signaling contributes to insensitivity of BRAF mutant colorectal cancers to RAF inhibition with vemurafenib, Cancer Discov, 2, 227, 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-11-0341
Maughan, 2011, Addition of cetuximab to oxaliplatin-based first-line combination chemotherapy for treatment of advanced colorectal cancer: results of the randomised phase 3 MRC COIN trial, Lancet, 377, 2103, 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60613-2
Swain, 2015, Pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and docetaxel in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer, N Engl J Med, 372, 724, 10.1056/NEJMoa1413513
Dancey, 2010, Guidelines for the development and incorporation of biomarker studies in early clinical trials of novel agents, Clin Cancer Res, 16, 1745, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-2167
Amado, 2008, Wild-type KRAS is required for panitumumab efficacy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, J Clin Oncol, 26, 1626, 10.1200/JCO.2007.14.7116
Karapetis, 2008, K-ras mutations and benefit from cetuximab in advanced colorectal cancer, N Engl J Med, 359, 1757, 10.1056/NEJMoa0804385
Van Cutsem, 2009, Cetuximab and chemotherapy as initial treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer, N Engl J Med, 360, 1408, 10.1056/NEJMoa0805019
Van Cutsem, 2011, Cetuximab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: updated analysis of overall survival according to tumor KRAS and BRAF mutation status, J Clin Oncol, 29, 2011, 10.1200/JCO.2010.33.5091
Bokemeyer, 2009, Fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin with and without cetuximab in the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer, J Clin Oncol, 27, 663, 10.1200/JCO.2008.20.8397
Bokemeyer, 2011, Efficacy according to biomarker status of cetuximab plus FOLFOX-4 as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: the OPUS study, Ann Oncol, 22, 1535, 10.1093/annonc/mdq632
Peeters, 2010, Randomized phase III study of panitumumab with fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) compared with FOLFIRI alone as second-line treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, J Clin Oncol, 28, 4706, 10.1200/JCO.2009.27.6055
Douillard, 2013, Panitumumab-FOLFOX4 treatment and RAS mutations in colorectal cancer, N Engl J Med, 369, 1023, 10.1056/NEJMoa1305275
Van Cutsem, 2015, Fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan plus cetuximab treatment and RAS mutations in colorectal cancer, J Clin Oncol, 33, 692, 10.1200/JCO.2014.59.4812
Bokemeyer, 2015, FOLFOX4 plus cetuximab treatment and RAS mutations in colorectal cancer, Eur J Cancer, 51, 1243, 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.04.007
Peeters, 2015, Analysis of KRAS/NRAS mutations in a Phase III Study of panitumumab with FOLFIRI compared with FOLFIRI alone as second-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer, Clin Cancer Res, 21, 5469, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-0526
Poulin-Costello, 2013, An analysis of the treatment effect of panitumumab on overall survival from a phase 3, randomized, controlled, multicenter trial (20020408) in patients with chemotherapy refractory metastatic colorectal cancer, Target Oncol, 8, 127, 10.1007/s11523-013-0271-z
Schwartzberg, 2014, J Clin Oncol, 32, 2240, 10.1200/JCO.2013.53.2473
Stintzing, 2014, Mutations within the EGFR signaling pathway: influence on efficacy in FIRE-3—a randomized phase III study of FOLFIRI plus cetuximab or bevacizumab as first-line treatment for wild-type (WT) KRAS (exon 2) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients, J Clin Oncol, 32
Heinemann, 2014, FOLFIRI plus cetuximab versus FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (FIRE-3): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial, Lancet Oncol, 15, 1065, 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70330-4
Sorich, 2015, Extended RAS mutations and anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody survival benefit in metastatic colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials, Ann Oncol, 26, 13, 10.1093/annonc/mdu378
Wong, 2014, RAS testing of colorectal carcinoma—a guidance document from the Association of Clinical Pathologists Molecular Pathology and Diagnostics Group, J Clin Pathol, 67, 751, 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202467
Tack, 2015, External quality assessment unravels interlaboratory differences in quality of RAS testing for anti-EGFR therapy in colorectal cancer, Oncologist, 20, 257, 10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0382
Kircher, 2015, Cost estimates and economic implications of expanded RAS testing in metastatic colorectal cancer, Oncologist, 20, 14, 10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0252
Tran, 2011, Impact of BRAF mutation and microsatellite instability on the pattern of metastatic spread and prognosis in metastatic colorectal cancer, Cancer, 117, 4623, 10.1002/cncr.26086
Tveit, 2012, Phase III trial of cetuximab with continuous or intermittent fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (Nordic FLOX) versus FLOX alone in first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: the NORDIC-VII study, J Clin Oncol, 30, 1755, 10.1200/JCO.2011.38.0915
Venderbosch, 2014, Mismatch repair status and BRAF mutation status in metastatic colorectal cancer patients: a pooled analysis of the CAIRO, CAIRO2, COIN, and FOCUS studies, Clin Cancer Res, 20, 5322, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-0332
Tol, 2009, BRAF mutation in metastatic colorectal cancer, N Engl J Med, 361, 98, 10.1056/NEJMc0904160
Peeters, 2013, Massively parallel tumor multigene sequencing to evaluate response to panitumumab in a randomized phase III study of metastatic colorectal cancer, Clin Cancer Res, 19, 1902, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-1913
Seymour, 2013, Panitumumab and irinotecan versus irinotecan alone for patients with KRAS wild-type, fluorouracil-resistant advanced colorectal cancer (PICCOLO): a prospectively stratified randomised trial, Lancet Oncol, 14, 749, 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70163-3
Pietrantonio, 2015, Predictive role of BRAF mutations in patients with advanced colorectal cancer receiving cetuximab and panitumumab: a meta-analysis, Eur J Cancer, 51, 587, 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.01.054
Rowland, 2015, Meta-analysis of BRAF mutation as a predictive biomarker of benefit from anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody therapy for RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer, Br J Cancer, 112, 1888, 10.1038/bjc.2015.173
Cremolini, 2015, FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab versus FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: updated overall survival and molecular subgroup analyses of the open-label, phase 3 TRIBE study, Lancet Oncol, 16, 1306, 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00122-9
Sosman, 2012, Survival in BRAF V600-mutant advanced melanoma treated with vemurafenib, N Engl J Med, 366, 707, 10.1056/NEJMoa1112302
Kopetz, 2015, Phase II pilot study of vemurafenib in patients with metastatic BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer, J Clin Oncol, 33, 4032, 10.1200/JCO.2015.63.2497
Prahallad, 2012, Unresponsiveness of colon cancer to BRAF(V600E) inhibition through feedback activation of EGFR, Nature, 483, 100, 10.1038/nature10868
Corcoran, 2015, Combined BRAF and MEK inhibition with dabrafenib and trametinib in BRAF V600-mutant colorectal cancer, J Clin Oncol, 33, 4023, 10.1200/JCO.2015.63.2471
Hyman, 2015, Vemurafenib in multiple nonmelanoma cancers with BRAF V600 mutations, N Engl J Med, 373, 726, 10.1056/NEJMoa1502309
Bettstetter, 2007, Distinction of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer and sporadic microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancer through quantification of MLH1 methylation by real-time PCR, Clin Cancer Res, 13, 3221, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-3064
Domingo, 2005, BRAF-V600E is not involved in the colorectal tumorigenesis of HNPCC in patients with functional MLH1 and MSH2 genes, Oncogene, 24, 3995, 10.1038/sj.onc.1208569
Loughrey, 2007, Incorporation of somatic BRAF mutation testing into an algorithm for the investigation of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, Fam Cancer, 6, 301, 10.1007/s10689-007-9124-1
Cremolini, 2015, BRAF codons 594 and 596 mutations identify a new molecular subtype of metastatic colorectal cancer at favorable prognosis, Ann Oncol, 26, 2092, 10.1093/annonc/mdv290
Des Guetz, 2009, Microsatellite instability: a predictive marker in metastatic colorectal cancer?, Target Oncol, 4, 57, 10.1007/s11523-008-0103-8
Goldstein, 2014, Multicenter retrospective analysis of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) with high-level microsatellite instability (MSI-H), Ann Oncol, 25, 1032, 10.1093/annonc/mdu100
Muller, 2008, Predictive and prognostic value of microsatellite instability in patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated with a fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin containing first-line chemotherapy. A report of the AIO Colorectal Study Group, Int J Colorectal Dis, 23, 1033, 10.1007/s00384-008-0504-2
Nopel-Dunnebacke, 2014, Prognostic value of microsatellite instability and p53 expression in metastatic colorectal cancer treated with oxaliplatin and fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy, Z Gastroenterol, 52, 1394, 10.1055/s-0034-1366781
des Guetz, 2007, Microsatellite instability and sensitivitiy to FOLFOX treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer, Anticancer Res, 27, 2715
Kim, 2011, Association between deficient mismatch repair system and efficacy to irinotecan-containing chemotherapy in metastatic colon cancer, Cancer Sci, 102, 1706, 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.02009.x
Le, 2015, PD-1 blockade in tumors with mismatch-repair deficiency, N Engl J Med, 372, 2509, 10.1056/NEJMoa1500596
Sanoff, 2008, Predictive factors for response and toxicity in chemotherapy: pharmacogenomics, Semin Colon Rectal Surg, 19, 226, 10.1053/j.scrs.2008.09.007
Meulendijks, 2015, Clinical relevance of DPYD variants c.1679T>G, c.1236G>A/HapB3, and c.1601G>A as predictors of severe fluoropyrimidine-associated toxicity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data, Lancet Oncol, 16, 1639, 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00286-7
Marsh, 2010, Irinotecan pharmacogenomics, Pharmacogenomics, 11, 1003, 10.2217/pgs.10.95
Barbarino, 2014, PharmGKB summary: very important pharmacogene information for UGT1A1, Pharmacogenet Genomics, 24, 177, 10.1097/FPC.0000000000000024
2014
Olaussen, 2007, ERCC1 as a risk stratifier in platinum-based chemotherapy for nonsmall-cell lung cancer, Curr Opin Pulm Med, 13, 284, 10.1097/MCP.0b013e32816b5c63
Soria, 2007, ERCC1-tailored chemotherapy in lung cancer: the first prospective randomized trial, J Clin Oncol, 25, 2648, 10.1200/JCO.2007.11.3167
Qian, 2014, The ERCC1 C118T polymorphism predicts clinical outcomes of colorectal cancer patients receiving oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy: a meta-analysis based on 22 studies, Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15, 8383, 10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.19.8383
Orlandi, 2015, ERCC1 induction after oxaliplatin exposure may depend on KRAS mutational status in colorectal cancer cell line: in vitro veritas, J Cancer, 6, 70, 10.7150/jca.10478
Peters, 2002, Induction of thymidylate synthase as a 5-fluorouracil resistance mechanism, Biochim Biophys Acta, 1587, 194, 10.1016/S0925-4439(02)00082-0
Hoskins, 2007, UGT1A1*28 genotype and irinotecan-induced neutropenia: dose matters, J Natl Cancer Inst, 99, 1290, 10.1093/jnci/djm115
Misale, 2014, Resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in colorectal cancer: from heterogeneity to convergent evolution, Cancer Discov, 4, 1269, 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-14-0462
Bardelli, 2010, Molecular mechanisms of resistance to cetuximab and panitumumab in colorectal cancer, J Clin Oncol, 28, 1254, 10.1200/JCO.2009.24.6116
Mohan, 2014, Changes in colorectal carcinoma genomes under anti-EGFR therapy identified by whole-genome plasma DNA sequencing, PLoS Genet, 10, e1004271, 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004271
Yonesaka, 2011, Activation of ERBB2 signaling causes resistance to the EGFR-directed therapeutic antibody cetuximab, Sci Transl Med, 3, 10.1126/scitranslmed.3002442
Bertotti, 2011, A molecularly annotated platform of patient-derived xenografts (‘xenopatients’) identifies HER2 as an effective therapeutic target in cetuximab-resistant colorectal cancer, Cancer Discov, 1, 508, 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-11-0109
Douillard, 2010, Randomized, phase III trial of panitumumab with infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX4) versus FOLFOX4 alone as first-line treatment in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer: the PRIME study, J Clin Oncol, 28, 4697, 10.1200/JCO.2009.27.4860
Stintzing, 2013, Analysis of KRAS/NRAS and BRAF mutations in FIRE-3, Eur J Cancer, 49
Valtorta, 2013, KRAS gene amplification in colorectal cancer and impact on response to EGFR-targeted therapy, Int J Cancer, 133, 1259, 10.1002/ijc.28106
Vaughn, 2011, Frequency of KRAS, BRAF, and NRAS mutations in colorectal cancer, Genes Chromosomes Cancer, 50, 307, 10.1002/gcc.20854
Ogino, 2014, Discovery of colorectal cancer PIK3CA mutation as potential predictive biomarker: power and promise of molecular pathological epidemiology, Oncogene, 33, 2949, 10.1038/onc.2013.244
Jhawer, 2008, PIK3CA mutation/PTEN expression status predicts response of colon cancer cells to the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor cetuximab, Cancer Res, 68, 1953, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-5659
Karapetis, 2014, PIK3CA, BRAF, and PTEN status and benefit from cetuximab in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer—results from NCIC CTG/AGITG CO.17, Clin Cancer Res, 20, 744, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-0606
Prenen, 2009, PIK3CA mutations are not a major determinant of resistance to the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer, Clin Cancer Res, 15, 3184, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-2961
Sartore-Bianchi, 2009, PIK3CA mutations in colorectal cancer are associated with clinical resistance to EGFR-targeted monoclonal antibodies, Cancer Res, 69, 1851, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-2466
Tian, 2013, A combined oncogenic pathway signature of BRAF, KRAS and PI3KCA mutation improves colorectal cancer classification and cetuximab treatment prediction, Gut, 62, 540, 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302423
Misale, 2012, Emergence of KRAS mutations and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in colorectal cancer, Nature, 486, 532, 10.1038/nature11156
Laurent-Puig, 2009, Analysis of PTEN, BRAF, and EGFR status in determining benefit from cetuximab therapy in wild-type KRAS metastatic colon cancer, J Clin Oncol, 27, 5924, 10.1200/JCO.2008.21.6796
Kavuri, 2015, HER2 activating mutations are targets for colorectal cancer treatment, Cancer Discov, 5, 832, 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-14-1211
Siena, 2015, Trastuzumab and lapatinib in HER2-amplified metastatic colorectal cancer patients (mCRC): the HERACLES trial, J Clin Oncol, 33
Juo, 2014, Prognostic value of CpG island methylator phenotype among colorectal cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Ann Oncol, 25, 2314, 10.1093/annonc/mdu149
Moutinho, 2014, Epigenetic inactivation of the BRCA1 interactor SRBC and resistance to oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer, J Natl Cancer Inst, 106, djt322, 10.1093/jnci/djt322
Cohen, 2008, Relationship of circulating tumor cells to tumor response, progression-free survival, and overall survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, J Clin Oncol, 26, 3213, 10.1200/JCO.2007.15.8923
Diaz, 2014, Liquid biopsies: genotyping circulating tumor DNA, J Clin Oncol, 32, 579, 10.1200/JCO.2012.45.2011
Siravegna, 2014, Genotyping cell-free tumor DNA in the blood to detect residual disease and drug resistance, Genome Biol, 15, 449, 10.1186/s13059-014-0449-4
Montagut, 2012, Identification of a mutation in the extracellular domain of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor conferring cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer, Nat Med, 18, 221, 10.1038/nm.2609
Aung, 2010, Current status and future potential of somatic mutation testing from circulating free DNA in patients with solid tumours, Hugo J, 4, 11, 10.1007/s11568-011-9149-2
Bettegowda, 2014, Detection of circulating tumor DNA in early- and late-stage human malignancies, Sci Transl Med, 6, 224ra224, 10.1126/scitranslmed.3007094
Dawson, 2013, Analysis of circulating tumor DNA to monitor metastatic breast cancer, N Engl J Med, 368, 1199, 10.1056/NEJMoa1213261
De Mattos-Arruda, 2014, Capturing intra-tumor genetic heterogeneity by de novo mutation profiling of circulating cell-free tumor DNA: a proof-of-principle, Ann Oncol, 25, 1729, 10.1093/annonc/mdu239
Diaz, 2012, The molecular evolution of acquired resistance to targeted EGFR blockade in colorectal cancers, Nature, 486, 537, 10.1038/nature11219
Forshew, 2012, Noninvasive identification and monitoring of cancer mutations by targeted deep sequencing of plasma DNA, Sci Transl Med, 4, 136ra168, 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003726
Gormally, 2007, Circulating free DNA in plasma or serum as biomarker of carcinogenesis: practical aspects and biological significance, Mutat Res, 635, 105, 10.1016/j.mrrev.2006.11.002
Higgins, 2012, Detection of tumor PIK3CA status in metastatic breast cancer using peripheral blood, Clin Cancer Res, 18, 3462, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-2696
Murtaza, 2013, Non-invasive analysis of acquired resistance to cancer therapy by sequencing of plasma DNA, Nature, 497, 108, 10.1038/nature12065
Newman, 2014, An ultrasensitive method for quantitating circulating tumor DNA with broad patient coverage, Nat Med, 20, 548, 10.1038/nm.3519
Punnoose, 2012, Evaluation of circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA in non-small cell lung cancer: association with clinical endpoints in a phase II clinical trial of pertuzumab and erlotinib, Clin Cancer Res, 18, 2391, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-3148
Schwarzenbach, 2011, Cell-free nucleic acids as biomarkers in cancer patients, Nat Rev Cancer, 11, 426, 10.1038/nrc3066
Taly, 2013, Multiplex picodroplet digital PCR to detect KRAS mutations in circulating DNA from the plasma of colorectal cancer patients, Clin Chem, 59, 1722, 10.1373/clinchem.2013.206359
Taniguchi, 2011, Quantitative detection of EGFR mutations in circulating tumor DNA derived from lung adenocarcinomas, Clin Cancer Res, 17, 7808, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-1712
Thierry, 2014, Clinical validation of the detection of KRAS and BRAF mutations from circulating tumor DNA, Nat Med, 20, 430, 10.1038/nm.3511
Li, 2015, A microRNA molecular modeling extension for prediction of colorectal cancer treatment, BMC Cancer, 15, 472, 10.1186/s12885-015-1437-0
Ciardiello, 2014, Clinical activity of FOLFIRI plus cetuximab according to extended gene mutation status by next-generation sequencing: findings from the CAPRI-GOIM trial, Ann Oncol, 25, 1756, 10.1093/annonc/mdu230
Marisa, 2013, Gene expression classification of colon cancer into molecular subtypes: characterization, validation, and prognostic value, PLoS Med, 10, e1001453, 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001453
Guinney, 2015, The consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer, Nat Med, 21, 1350, 10.1038/nm.3967
Prades, 2014, Shifting sands: adapting the multidisciplinary team model to technological and organizational innovations in cancer care, Future Oncol, 10, 1995, 10.2217/fon.14.125
Shah, 2014, Decision-making in Colorectal Cancer Tumor Board meetings: results of a prospective observational assessment, Surg Endosc, 28, 2783, 10.1007/s00464-014-3545-3
Prades, 2015, Is it worth reorganising cancer services on the basis of multidisciplinary teams (MDTs)? A systematic review of the objectives and organisation of MDTs and their impact on patient outcomes, Health Policy, 119, 464, 10.1016/j.healthpol.2014.09.006
Weiser, 2013, Colorectal cancer patients with oligometastatic liver disease: what is the optimal approach?, Oncology (Williston Park), 27, 1074
Khattak, 2012, Survival differences in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and with single site metastatic disease at initial presentation: results from South Australian clinical registry for advanced colorectal cancer, Clin Colorectal Cancer, 11, 247, 10.1016/j.clcc.2012.06.004
Price, 2012, Watchful waiting’ for metastatic colorectal cancer, antediluvian or an option to be considered again?, Asia Pac J Clin Oncol, 8, 10, 10.1111/j.1743-7563.2011.01458.x
Yaeger, 2014, BRAF mutation predicts for poor outcomes after metastasectomy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, Cancer, 120, 2316, 10.1002/cncr.28729
Ohrling, 2008, Expression of thymidylate synthase in liver and lung metastases of colorectal cancer and their matched primary tumours, Anticancer Res, 28, 1741
Adam, 2012, The oncosurgery approach to managing liver metastases from colorectal cancer: a multidisciplinary international consensus, Oncologist, 17, 1225, 10.1634/theoncologist.2012-0121
Clavien, 2007, Strategies for safer liver surgery and partial liver transplantation, N Engl J Med, 356, 1545, 10.1056/NEJMra065156
Zorzi, 2007, Chemotherapy-associated hepatotoxicity and surgery for colorectal liver metastases, Br J Surg, 94, 274, 10.1002/bjs.5719
Jones, 2014, Controversies in the oncosurgical management of liver limited stage IV colorectal cancer, Surg Oncol, 23, 53, 10.1016/j.suronc.2014.02.002
Kanas, 2012, Survival after liver resection in metastatic colorectal cancer: review and meta-analysis of prognostic factors, Clin Epidemiol, 4, 283
Fong, 1999, Clinical score for predicting recurrence after hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer: analysis of 1001 consecutive cases, Ann Surg, 230, 309, 10.1097/00000658-199909000-00004
Floriani, 2010, Performance of imaging modalities in diagnosis of liver metastases from colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis, J Magn Reson Imaging, 31, 19, 10.1002/jmri.22010
Bartolotta, 2010, Characterisation of focal liver lesions undetermined at grey-scale US: contrast-enhanced US versus 64-row MDCT and MRI with liver-specific contrast agent, Radiol Med, 115, 714, 10.1007/s11547-010-0506-3
Niekel, 2010, Diagnostic imaging of colorectal liver metastases with CT, MR imaging, FDG PET, and/or FDG PET/CT: a meta-analysis of prospective studies including patients who have not previously undergone treatment, Radiology, 257, 674, 10.1148/radiol.10100729
Zech, 2014, Randomized multicentre trial of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI versus conventional MRI or CT in the staging of colorectal cancer liver metastases, Br J Surg, 101, 613, 10.1002/bjs.9465
Hendlisz, 2012, Serial FDG-PET/CT for early outcome prediction in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer undergoing chemotherapy, Ann Oncol, 23, 1687, 10.1093/annonc/mdr554
Moulton, 2011, An Ontario Clinical Oncology Group (OCOG) randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessing FDG PET/CT in resectable liver colorectal adenocarcinoma metastases (CAM), J Clin Oncol, 29
Petersen, 2014, Clinical impact of FDG-PET/CT on colorectal cancer staging and treatment strategy, Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 4, 471
Maffione, 2015, Diagnostic accuracy and impact on management of (18)F-FDG PET and PET/CT in colorectal liver metastasis: a meta-analysis and systematic review, Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 42, 152, 10.1007/s00259-014-2930-4
Tomlinson, 2007, Actual 10-year survival after resection of colorectal liver metastases defines cure, J Clin Oncol, 25, 4575, 10.1200/JCO.2007.11.0833
Nordlinger, 2013, Perioperative FOLFOX4 chemotherapy and surgery versus surgery alone for resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer (EORTC 40983): long-term results of a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, Lancet Oncol, 14, 1208, 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70447-9
Nordlinger, 2008, Perioperative chemotherapy with FOLFOX4 and surgery versus surgery alone for resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer (EORTC Intergroup trial 40983): a randomised controlled trial, Lancet, 371, 1007, 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60455-9
Primrose, 2014, Systemic chemotherapy with or without cetuximab in patients with resectable colorectal liver metastasis: the New EPOC randomised controlled trial, Lancet Oncol, 15, 601, 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70105-6
Mitry, 2008, Adjuvant chemotherapy after potentially curative resection of metastases from colorectal cancer: a pooled analysis of two randomized trials, J Clin Oncol, 26, 4906, 10.1200/JCO.2008.17.3781
Kemeny, 2009, Phase I trial of adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) with floxuridine (FUDR) and dexamethasone plus systemic oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin in patients with resected liver metastases from colorectal cancer, Ann Oncol, 20, 1236, 10.1093/annonc/mdn769
Adam, 2004, Rescue surgery for unresectable colorectal liver metastases downstaged by chemotherapy: a model to predict long-term survival, Ann Surg, 240, 644, 10.1097/01.sla.0000141198.92114.f6
Adam, 2011, Impact of the type and modalities of preoperative chemotherapy on the outcome of liver resection for colorectal metastases, J Clin Oncol, 29
Chun, 2009, Association of computed tomography morphologic criteria with pathologic response and survival in patients treated with bevacizumab for colorectal liver metastases, JAMA, 302, 2338, 10.1001/jama.2009.1755
Adam, 2010, Is perioperative chemotherapy useful for solitary, metachronous, colorectal liver metastases?, Ann Surg, 252, 774, 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181fcf3e3
Nordlinger, 2009, Combination of surgery and chemotherapy and the role of targeted agents in the treatment of patients with colorectal liver metastases: recommendations from an expert panel, Ann Oncol, 20, 985, 10.1093/annonc/mdn735
Nordlinger, 2007, Does chemotherapy prior to liver resection increase the potential for cure in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer? A report from the European Colorectal Metastases Treatment Group, Eur J Cancer, 43, 2037, 10.1016/j.ejca.2007.07.017
Van Cutsem, 2006, Towards a pan-European consensus on the treatment of patients with colorectal liver metastases, Eur J Cancer, 42, 2212, 10.1016/j.ejca.2006.04.012
Folprecht, 2005, Neoadjuvant treatment of unresectable colorectal liver metastases: correlation between tumour response and resection rates, Ann Oncol, 16, 1311, 10.1093/annonc/mdi246
Folprecht, 2010, Tumour response and secondary resectability of colorectal liver metastases following neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cetuximab: the CELIM randomised phase 2 trial, Lancet Oncol, 11, 38, 10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70330-4
Ye, 2013, Randomized controlled trial of cetuximab plus chemotherapy for patients with KRAS wild-type unresectable colorectal liver-limited metastases, J Clin Oncol, 31, 1931, 10.1200/JCO.2012.44.8308
Gruenberger, 2014, Bevacizumab plus mFOLFOX-6 or FOLFOXIRI in patients with initially unresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer: the OLIVIA multinational randomised phase II trial, Ann Oncol, 26, 702, 10.1093/annonc/mdu580
Masi, 2010, Bevacizumab with FOLFOXIRI (irinotecan, oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and folinate) as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: a phase 2 trial, Lancet Oncol, 11, 845, 10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70175-3
Folprecht, 2014, Survival of patients with initially unresectable colorectal liver metastases treated with FOLFOX/cetuximab or FOLFIRI/cetuximab in a multidisciplinary concept (CELIM study), Ann Oncol, 25, 1018, 10.1093/annonc/mdu088
Falcone, 2007, J Clin Oncol, 25, 1670, 10.1200/JCO.2006.09.0928
Loupakis, 2014, Initial therapy with FOLFOXIRI and bevacizumab for metastatic colorectal cancer, N Engl J Med, 371, 1609, 10.1056/NEJMoa1403108
Douillard, 2014, Final results from PRIME: randomized phase III study of panitumumab with FOLFOX4 for first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer, Ann Oncol, 25, 1346, 10.1093/annonc/mdu141
Okines, 2009, Surgery with curative-intent in patients treated with first-line chemotherapy plus bevacizumab for metastatic colorectal cancer First BEAT and the randomised phase-III NO16966 trial, Br J Cancer, 101, 1033, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605259
Venook, 2014, J Clin Oncol, 32
Piessevaux, 2013, Use of early tumor shrinkage to predict long-term outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab, J Clin Oncol, 31, 3764, 10.1200/JCO.2012.42.8532
Mansmann, 2012, Validating the prognostic relevance of initial change in tumor size using a series of therapeutic regimens for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), J Clin Oncol, 30
Mansmann, 2012, Improved early prediction of individual prognosis for patients with mCRC: joint modeling of tumor shrinkage with volume data for PFS and OS, J Clin Oncol, 30
Piessevaux, 2009, Radiological tumor size decrease at week 6 is a potent predictor of outcome in chemorefractory metastatic colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab (BOND trial), Ann Oncol, 20, 1375, 10.1093/annonc/mdp011
Cremolini, 2015, Early tumor shrinkage and depth of response predict long-term outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with first-line chemotherapy plus bevacizumab: results from phase III TRIBE trial by the Gruppo Oncologico del Nord Ovest, Ann Oncol, 26, 1188, 10.1093/annonc/mdv112
Cremolini, 2015, FOLFOXIRI and bevacizumab for metastatic colorectal cancer, N Engl J Med, 372, 291
Cremolini, 2014, FOLFOXIRI/bevacizumab versus FOLFIRI/bevacizumab as first-line treatment in unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer: results of phase III TRIBE trial by GONO Group, Ann Oncol, 24
Stintzing, 2014, Independent radiological evaluation of objective response, early tumor shrinkage, and depth of response in FIRE-3 (AIO KRK-0306) in the final RAS evaluable population, Ann Oncol, 25
Rivera, 2015, First-line treatment with modified FOLFOX6 (mFOLFOX6) + panitumumab or bevacizumab in patients with RAS/BRAF wild-type (WT) metastatic colorectal carcinoma (mCRC), Ann Oncol, 26
Bhutiani, 2015, Efficacy and toxicity of hepatic intra-arterial drug-eluting (irinotecan) bead (DEBIRI) therapy in irinotecan-refractory unresectable colorectal liver metastases, World J Surg
Liu, 2015, A review of conventional and drug-eluting chemoembolization in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases: principles and proof, Future Oncol, 11, 1421, 10.2217/fon.15.3
Martin, 2015, Randomized controlled trial of irinotecan drug-eluting beads with simultaneous FOLFOX and bevacizumab for patients with unresectable colorectal liver-limited metastasis, Cancer, 121, 3649, 10.1002/cncr.29534
Ruers, 2015, Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) combined with chemotherapy for unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRC LM): long-term survival results of a randomized phase II study of the EORTC-NCRI CCSG-ALM Intergroup 40004 (CLOCC), J Clin Oncol, 33
Tanis, 2014, Local recurrence rates after radiofrequency ablation or resection of colorectal liver metastases. Analysis of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer #40004 and #40983, Eur J Cancer, 50, 912, 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.12.008
Ruers, 2012, Radiofrequency ablation combined with systemic treatment versus systemic treatment alone in patients with non-resectable colorectal liver metastases: a randomized EORTC Intergroup phase II study (EORTC 40004), Ann Oncol, 23, 2619, 10.1093/annonc/mds053
Evrard, 2014, Combined ablation and resection (CARe) as an effective parenchymal sparing treatment for extensive colorectal liver metastases, PLoS One, 9, e114404, 10.1371/journal.pone.0114404
Lencioni, 2008, Response to radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary tumours: a prospective, intention-to-treat, multicentre clinical trial (the RAPTURE study), Lancet Oncol, 9, 621, 10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70155-4
Petre, 2013, Treatment of pulmonary colorectal metastases by radiofrequency ablation, Clin Colorectal Cancer, 12, 37, 10.1016/j.clcc.2012.07.003
Kashima, 2011, Complications after 1000 lung radiofrequency ablation sessions in 420 patients: a single center's experiences, Am J Roentgenol, 197, W576, 10.2214/AJR.11.6408
Schlijper, 2014, What to choose as radical local treatment for lung metastases from colo-rectal cancer: surgery or radiofrequency ablation?, Cancer Treat Rev, 40, 60, 10.1016/j.ctrv.2013.05.004
Ricke, 2010, Local response and impact on survival after local ablation of liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma by computed tomography-guided high-dose-rate brachytherapy, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 78, 479, 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.09.026
Sterzing, 2014, Stereotactic body radiotherapy for liver tumors: principles and practical guidelines of the DEGRO Working Group on Stereotactic Radiotherapy, Strahlenther Onkol, 190, 872, 10.1007/s00066-014-0714-1
Collettini, 2012, Percutaneous CT-guided high-dose brachytherapy (CT-HDRBT) ablation of primary and metastatic lung tumors in nonsurgical candidates, Rofo, 184, 316
Comito, 2014, Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR) in inoperable oligometastatic disease from colorectal cancer: a safe and effective approach, BMC Cancer, 14, 619, 10.1186/1471-2407-14-619
Filippi, 2014, Outcomes of single fraction stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for lung metastases, Technol Cancer Res Treat, 13, 37, 10.7785/tcrt.2012.500355
Tselis, 2011, Computed tomography-guided interstitial high-dose-rate brachytherapy in the local treatment of primary and secondary intrathoracic malignancies, J Thorac Oncol, 6, 545, 10.1097/JTO.0b013e318208c7a3
Peters, 2008, CT-guided interstitial brachytherapy of primary and secondary lung malignancies: results of a prospective phase II trial, Strahlenther Onkol, 184, 296, 10.1007/s00066-008-1718-5
Blomgren, 1995, Stereotactic high dose fraction radiation therapy of extracranial tumors using an accelerator. Clinical experience of the first thirty-one patients, Acta Oncol, 34, 861, 10.3109/02841869509127197
Wada, 2004, Univariate analysis of factors correlated with tumor control probability of three-dimensional conformal hypofractionated high-dose radiotherapy for small pulmonary or hepatic tumors, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 58, 1114, 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2003.08.012
Wulf, 2006, Stereotactic radiotherapy of primary liver cancer and hepatic metastases, Acta Oncol, 45, 838, 10.1080/02841860600904821
Ambrosino, 2009, Image-guided robotic stereotactic radiosurgery for unresectable liver metastases: preliminary results, Anticancer Res, 29, 3381
Goodman, 2010, Dose-escalation study of single-fraction stereotactic body radiotherapy for liver malignancies, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 78, 486, 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.08.020
Hoyer, 2006, Phase II study on stereotactic body radiotherapy of colorectal metastases, Acta Oncol, 45, 823, 10.1080/02841860600904854
Lee, 2009, Phase I study of individualized stereotactic body radiotherapy of liver metastases, J Clin Oncol, 27, 1585, 10.1200/JCO.2008.20.0600
Mendez Romero, 2006, Stereotactic body radiation therapy for primary and metastatic liver tumors: a single institution phase i-ii study, Acta Oncol, 45, 831, 10.1080/02841860600897934
Rusthoven, 2009, Multi-institutional phase I/II trial of stereotactic body radiation therapy for liver metastases, J Clin Oncol, 27, 1572, 10.1200/JCO.2008.19.6329
Scorsetti, 2013, Is stereotactic body radiation therapy an attractive option for unresectable liver metastases? A preliminary report from a phase 2 trial, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 86, 336, 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.12.021
Fumagalli, 2012, A single-institution study of stereotactic body radiotherapy for patients with unresectable visceral pulmonary or hepatic oligometastases, Radiat Oncol, 7, 164, 10.1186/1748-717X-7-164
Fiorentini, 2012, Intra-arterial infusion of irinotecan-loaded drug-eluting beads (DEBIRI) versus intravenous therapy (FOLFIRI) for hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer: final results of a phase III study, Anticancer Res, 32, 1387
Hendlisz, 2010, Phase III trial comparing protracted intravenous fluorouracil infusion alone or with yttrium-90 resin microspheres radioembolization for liver-limited metastatic colorectal cancer refractory to standard chemotherapy, J Clin Oncol, 28, 3687, 10.1200/JCO.2010.28.5643
van Hazel, 2016, SIRFLOX: randomized phase iii trial comparing first-line mFOLFOX6 (plus or minus bevacizumab) versus mFOLFOX6 (plus or minus bevacizumab) plus selective internal radiation therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, J Clin Oncol, 34, 1723, 10.1200/JCO.2015.66.1181
Garlipp, 2014, Left-liver hypertrophy after therapeutic right-liver radioembolization is substantial but less than after portal vein embolization, Hepatology, 59, 1864, 10.1002/hep.26947
Cao, 2009, A systematic review and meta-analysis of cytoreductive surgery with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin, Ann Surg Oncol, 16, 2152, 10.1245/s10434-009-0487-4
Cotte, 2009, Management of peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer: current state of practice, Cancer J, 15, 243, 10.1097/PPO.0b013e3181a58d67
Elias, 2009, Complete cytoreductive surgery plus intraperitoneal chemohyperthermia with oxaliplatin for peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin, J Clin Oncol, 27, 681, 10.1200/JCO.2008.19.7160
Elias, 2014, Modified selection criteria for complete cytoreductive surgery plus HIPEC based on peritoneal cancer index and small bowel involvement for peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin, Eur J Surg Oncol, 40, 1467, 10.1016/j.ejso.2014.06.006
Turaga, 2014, Consensus guidelines from The American Society of Peritoneal Surface Malignancies on standardizing the delivery of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in colorectal cancer patients in the United States, Ann Surg Oncol, 21, 1501, 10.1245/s10434-013-3061-z
Prada-Villaverde, 2014, The American Society of Peritoneal Surface Malignancies evaluation of HIPEC with mitomycin C versus oxaliplatin in 539 patients with colon cancer undergoing a complete cytoreductive surgery, J Surg Oncol, 110, 779, 10.1002/jso.23728
de Gramont, 2000, Leucovorin and fluorouracil with or without oxaliplatin as first-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer, J Clin Oncol, 18, 2938, 10.1200/JCO.2000.18.16.2938
Douillard, 2000, Irinotecan and high-dose fluorouracil/leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer, Oncology (Williston Park), 14, 51
de Gramont, 1997, Randomized trial comparing monthly low-dose leucovorin and fluorouracil bolus with bimonthly high-dose leucovorin and fluorouracil bolus plus continuous infusion for advanced colorectal cancer: a French intergroup study, J Clin Oncol, 15, 808, 10.1200/JCO.1997.15.2.808
Levy, 1998, Toxicity of fluorouracil in patients with advanced colorectal cancer: effect of administration schedule and prognostic factors, J Clin Oncol, 16, 3537, 10.1200/JCO.1998.16.11.3537
Van Cutsem, 2004, Oral capecitabine vs intravenous 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin: integrated efficacy data and novel analyses from two large, randomised, phase III trials, Br J Cancer, 90, 1190, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601676
Cassidy, 2008, Randomized phase III study of capecitabine plus oxaliplatin compared with fluorouracil/folinic acid plus oxaliplatin as first-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer, J Clin Oncol, 26, 2006, 10.1200/JCO.2007.14.9898
Fuchs, 2007, Randomized, controlled trial of irinotecan plus infusional, bolus, or oral fluoropyrimidines in first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: results from the BICC-C Study, J Clin Oncol, 25, 4779, 10.1200/JCO.2007.11.3357
Kohne, 2008, Irinotecan combined with infusional 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid or capecitabine plus celecoxib or placebo in the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. EORTC study 40015, Ann Oncol, 19, 920, 10.1093/annonc/mdm544
Schmiegel, 2013, Capecitabine/irinotecan or capecitabine/oxaliplatin in combination with bevacizumab is effective and safe as first-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer: a randomized phase II study of the AIO colorectal study group, Ann Oncol, 24, 1580, 10.1093/annonc/mdt028
Moosmann, 2011, Cetuximab plus capecitabine and irinotecan compared with cetuximab plus capecitabine and oxaliplatin as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: AIO KRK-0104—a randomized trial of the German AIO CRC study group, J Clin Oncol, 29, 1050, 10.1200/JCO.2010.31.1936
Hurwitz, 2004, Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer, N Engl J Med, 350, 2335, 10.1056/NEJMoa032691
Saltz, 2008, Bevacizumab in combination with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy as first-line therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: a randomized phase III study, J Clin Oncol, 26, 2013, 10.1200/JCO.2007.14.9930
Souglakos, 2006, Br J Cancer, 94, 798, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603011
Cunningham, 2013, Bevacizumab plus capecitabine versus capecitabine alone in elderly patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer (AVEX): an open-label, randomised phase 3 trial, Lancet Oncol, 14, 1077, 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70154-2
Kabbinavar, 2008, Bevacizumab improves the overall and progression-free survival of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with 5-fluorouracil-based regimens irrespective of baseline risk, Oncology, 75, 215, 10.1159/000163850
Tebbutt, 2010, Capecitabine, bevacizumab, and mitomycin in first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: results of the Australasian Gastrointestinal Trials Group Randomized Phase III MAX Study, J Clin Oncol, 28, 3191, 10.1200/JCO.2009.27.7723
Passardi, 2015, Effectiveness of bevacizumab added to standard chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: final results for first-line treatment from the ITACa randomized clinical trial, Ann Oncol, 26, 1201, 10.1093/annonc/mdv130
Souglakos, 2012, Randomised phase-II trial of CAPIRI (capecitabine, irinotecan) plus bevacizumab vs FOLFIRI (folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan) plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment of patients with unresectable/metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), Br J Cancer, 106, 453, 10.1038/bjc.2011.594
Yamazaki, 2014, A randomized phase III trial of mFOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab versus FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: West Japan Oncology Group study 4407G (WJOG4407G), J Clin Oncol, 32
Kozloff, 2009, Clinical outcomes associated with bevacizumab-containing treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: the BRiTE observational cohort study, Oncologist, 14, 862, 10.1634/theoncologist.2009-0071
Van Cutsem, 2009, Safety and efficacy of first-line bevacizumab with FOLFOX, XELOX, FOLFIRI and fluoropyrimidines in metastatic colorectal cancer: the BEAT study, Ann Oncol, 20, 1842, 10.1093/annonc/mdp233
European Medicines Agency. CHMP summary of opinion—erbitux. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Summary_of_opinion/human/000558/WC500155463.pdf (6 January 2015, date last accessed).
European Medicines Agency. CHMP summary of opinion—vectibix. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Summary_of_opinion/human/000741/WC500144827.pdf (6 January 2015, date last accessed).
Grothey, 2004, Survival of patients with advanced colorectal cancer improves with the availability of fluorouracil-leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin in the course of treatment, J Clin Oncol, 22, 1209, 10.1200/JCO.2004.11.037
Grothey, 2005, Overall survival of patients with advanced colorectal cancer correlates with availability of fluorouracil, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin regardless of whether doublet or single-agent therapy is used first line, J Clin Oncol, 23, 9441, 10.1200/JCO.2005.04.4792
Heinemann, 2014, Independent radiological evaluation of objective response, early tumor shrinkage, and depth of response in FIRE-3 (AIO KRK-0306), Ann Oncol, 25
Lenz, 2014, Ann Oncol, 25
Maughan, 2003, Comparison of intermittent and continuous palliative chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer: a multicentre randomised trial, Lancet, 361, 457, 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12461-0
Labianca, 2011, Intermittent versus continuous chemotherapy in advanced colorectal cancer: a randomised ‘GISCAD’ trial, Ann Oncol, 22, 1236, 10.1093/annonc/mdq580
Tournigand, 2006, OPTIMOX1: a randomized study of FOLFOX4 or FOLFOX7 with oxaliplatin in a stop-and-go fashion in advanced colorectal cancer—a GERCOR study, J Clin Oncol, 24, 394, 10.1200/JCO.2005.03.0106
Adams, 2011, Intermittent versus continuous oxaliplatin and fluoropyrimidine combination chemotherapy for first-line treatment of advanced colorectal cancer: results of the randomised phase 3 MRC COIN trial, Lancet Oncol, 12, 642, 10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70102-4
Chibaudel, 2009, Can chemotherapy be discontinued in unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer? The GERCOR OPTIMOX2 Study, J Clin Oncol, 27, 5727, 10.1200/JCO.2009.23.4344
Tournigand, 2015, Bevacizumab with or without erlotinib as maintenance therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (GERCOR DREAM; OPTIMOX3): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial, Lancet Oncol, 16, 1493, 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00216-8
Diaz-Rubio, 2012, First-line XELOX plus bevacizumab followed by XELOX plus bevacizumab or single-agent bevacizumab as maintenance therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: the phase III MACRO TTD study, Oncologist, 17, 15, 10.1634/theoncologist.2011-0249
Hegewisch-Becker, 2015, Maintenance strategies after first-line oxaliplatin plus fluoropyrimidine plus bevacizumab for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (AIO 0207): a randomised, non-inferiority, open-label, phase 3 trial, Lancet Oncol, 16, 1355, 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00042-X
Koeberle, 2015, Bevacizumab continuation versus no continuation after first-line chemotherapy plus bevacizumab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a randomized phase III non-inferiority trial (SAKK 41/06), Ann Oncol, 26, 709, 10.1093/annonc/mdv011
Simkens, 2015, Maintenance treatment with capecitabine and bevacizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer (CAIRO3): a phase 3 randomised controlled trial of the Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group, Lancet, 385, 1843, 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62004-3
Wasan, 2014, Intermittent chemotherapy plus either intermittent or continuous cetuximab for first-line treatment of patients with KRAS wild-type advanced colorectal cancer (COIN-B): a randomised phase 2 trial, Lancet Oncol, 15, 631, 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70106-8
Johnsson, 2013, A randomized phase III trial on maintenance treatment with bevacizumab alone or in combination with erlotinib after chemotherapy and bevacizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer: the Nordic ACT Trial, Ann Oncol, 24, 2335, 10.1093/annonc/mdt236
Stein, 2015, Upfront FOLFOXIRI+bevacizumab followed by fluoropyrimidin and bevacizumab maintenance in patients with molecularly unselected metastatic colorectal cancer, Br J Cancer, 113, 872, 10.1038/bjc.2015.299
Garcia Alfonso, 2014, Ann Oncol, 25
Cunningham, 1998, Randomised trial of irinotecan plus supportive care versus supportive care alone after fluorouracil failure for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, Lancet, 352, 1413, 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)02309-5
Rougier, 2002, Antitumour activity of three second-line treatment combinations in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer after optimal 5-FU regimen failure: a randomised, multicentre phase II study, Ann Oncol, 13, 1558, 10.1093/annonc/mdf259
Rougier, 1998, Randomised trial of irinotecan versus fluorouracil by continuous infusion after fluorouracil failure in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, Lancet, 352, 1407, 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)03085-2
Haller, 2008, Oxaliplatin plus irinotecan compared with irinotecan alone as second-line treatment after single-agent fluoropyrimidine therapy for metastatic colorectal carcinoma, J Clin Oncol, 26, 4544, 10.1200/JCO.2008.17.1249
Koopman, 2007, Sequential versus combination chemotherapy with capecitabine, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin in advanced colorectal cancer (CAIRO): a phase III randomised controlled trial, Lancet, 370, 135, 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61086-1
Seymour, 2007, Different strategies of sequential and combination chemotherapy for patients with poor prognosis advanced colorectal cancer (MRC FOCUS): a randomised controlled trial, Lancet, 370, 143, 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61087-3
Tournigand, 2004, FOLFIRI followed by FOLFOX6 or the reverse sequence in advanced colorectal cancer: a randomized GERCOR study, J Clin Oncol, 22, 229, 10.1200/JCO.2004.05.113
Giantonio, 2007, Bevacizumab in combination with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin (FOLFOX4) for previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer: results from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study E3200, J Clin Oncol, 25, 1539, 10.1200/JCO.2006.09.6305
Bennouna, 2013, Continuation of bevacizumab after first progression in metastatic colorectal cancer (ML18147): a randomised phase 3 trial, Lancet Oncol, 14, 29, 10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70477-1
Beretta, 2013, FOLFIRI + bevacizumab as second-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer pretreated with oxaliplatin: a pooled analysis of published trials, Med Oncol, 30, 486, 10.1007/s12032-013-0486-y
Lievre, 2009, Bevacizumab plus FOLFIRI or FOLFOX in chemotherapy-refractory patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a retrospective study, BMC Cancer, 9, 347, 10.1186/1471-2407-9-347
Masi, 2015, Continuation or reintroduction of bevacizumab beyond progression to first-line therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: final results of the randomized BEBYP trial, Ann Oncol, 26, 724, 10.1093/annonc/mdv012
Van Cutsem, 2012, Addition of aflibercept to fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan improves survival in a phase III randomized trial in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer previously treated with an oxaliplatin-based regimen, J Clin Oncol, 30, 3499, 10.1200/JCO.2012.42.8201
Tabernero, 2014, Aflibercept versus placebo in combination with fluorouracil, leucovorin and irinotecan in the treatment of previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer: prespecified subgroup analyses from the VELOUR trial, Eur J Cancer, 50, 320, 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.09.013
Tabernero, 2015, Lancet Oncol, 16, 499, 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)70127-0
Sobrero, 2008, EPIC: phase III trial of cetuximab plus irinotecan after fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin failure in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, J Clin Oncol, 26, 2311, 10.1200/JCO.2007.13.1193
Cascinu, 2015, Eur J Cancer, 51
Hecht, 2015, SPIRITT: a randomized, multicenter, phase II study of panitumumab with FOLFIRI and bevacizumab with FOLFIRI as second-line treatment in patients with unresectable wild type KRAS metastatic colorectal cancer, Clin Colorectal Cancer, 14, 72, 10.1016/j.clcc.2014.12.009
Cunningham, 2004, Cetuximab monotherapy and cetuximab plus irinotecan in irinotecan-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer, N Engl J Med, 351, 337, 10.1056/NEJMoa033025
Geva, 2013, Bevacizumab plus chemotherapy as salvage treatment in chemorefractory patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, Onco Targets Ther, 6, 53
Hecht, 2007, Panitumumab monotherapy in patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer, Cancer, 110, 980, 10.1002/cncr.22915
Price, 2014, Panitumumab versus cetuximab in patients with chemotherapy-refractory wild-type KRAS exon 2 metastatic colorectal cancer (ASPECCT): a randomised, multicentre, open-label, non-inferiority phase 3 study, Lancet Oncol, 15, 569, 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70118-4
Grothey, 2013, Regorafenib monotherapy for previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer (CORRECT): an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial, Lancet, 381, 303, 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61900-X
Li, 2015, Regorafenib plus best supportive care versus placebo plus best supportive care in Asian patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer (CONCUR): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial, Lancet Oncol, 16, 619, 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)70156-7
Mayer, 2015, Randomized trial of TAS-102 for refractory metastatic colorectal cancer, N Engl J Med, 372, 1909, 10.1056/NEJMoa1414325
Yoshino, 2012, TAS-102 monotherapy for pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial, Lancet Oncol, 13, 993, 10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70345-5
Papamichael, 2015, Treatment of colorectal cancer in older patients: International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) consensus recommendations 2013, Ann Oncol, 26, 463, 10.1093/annonc/mdu253
Gruenberger, 2008, Bevacizumab, capecitabine, and oxaliplatin as neoadjuvant therapy for patients with potentially curable metastatic colorectal cancer, J Clin Oncol, 26, 1830, 10.1200/JCO.2007.13.7679
Garufi, 2010, Cetuximab plus chronomodulated irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin and oxaliplatin as neoadjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal liver metastases: POCHER trial, Br J Cancer, 103, 1542, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605940
Wong, 2011, A multicentre study of capecitabine, oxaliplatin plus bevacizumab as perioperative treatment of patients with poor-risk colorectal liver-only metastases not selected for upfront resection, Ann Oncol, 22, 2042, 10.1093/annonc/mdq714