Entrepreneurial self-efficacy in Central Asian transition economies: quantitative and qualitative analyses
Tóm tắt
In both quantitative and qualitative field studies, the self-efficacy of entrepreneurs in the transition economies of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan is examined. Using a social cognitive framework, the complex interaction among these entrepreneurs' (N=133) personal characteristics, environment, and self-efficacy is analyzed by structural equation modeling. Their self-efficacy was found to have a direct and mediating impact on performance. Another sample of entrepreneurs from these countries (N=239) qualitatively assessed what they actually do in their day-to-day activities. The findings from these two studies contribute to better understanding and have implications for successful entrepreneurial practice in countries undergoing the difficult process of transition to a market economy.
Tài liệu tham khảo
citation_title=Organizations Evolving; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_id=CR1; citation_author=HE Aldrich
citation_title=Blinded by the cites? Has there been progress in entrepreneurship research?; citation_inbook_title=Entrepreneurship 2000; citation_publication_date=1997; citation_pages=377-401; citation_id=CR2; citation_author=HE Aldrich; citation_author=T Baker
citation_title=How Russia Became a Market Economy; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_id=CR3; citation_author=A Aslund
citation_journal_title=Psychological Review; citation_title=Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change; citation_author=A Bandura; citation_volume=84; citation_publication_date=1977; citation_pages=191-215; citation_doi=10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191; citation_id=CR4
citation_journal_title=American Psychologist; citation_title=Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency; citation_author=A Bandura; citation_volume=37; citation_publication_date=1982; citation_pages=122-147; citation_doi=10.1037/0003-066X.37.2.122; citation_id=CR5
citation_title=Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory; citation_publication_date=1986; citation_id=CR6; citation_author=A Bandura
citation_title=Self-efficacy; citation_publication_date=1997; citation_id=CR7; citation_author=A Bandura
citation_title=Social cognitive theory of personality; citation_inbook_title=Handbook of Personality; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_id=CR8; citation_author=A Bandura
citation_title=Cultivate self-efficacy for personal and organizational effectiveness; citation_inbook_title=Handbook of Principles of Organizational Behavior; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=120-136; citation_id=CR9; citation_author=A Bandura
citation_journal_title=Annual Review of Psychology; citation_title=Social cognitive theory: an agentic perspective; citation_author=A Bandura; citation_volume=52; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=1-26; citation_doi=10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.1; citation_id=CR10
citation_journal_title=Journal of Business Venturing; citation_title=Psychological characteristics associated with performance in entrepreneurial firms and smaller businesses; citation_author=TM Begley, DP Boyd; citation_volume=2; citation_publication_date=1987; citation_pages=79-93; citation_doi=10.1016/0883-9026(87)90020-6; citation_id=CR11
citation_title=Structural Equations with Latent Variables; citation_publication_date=1989; citation_id=CR12; citation_author=KA Bollen
citation_journal_title=Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice; citation_title=The influence of self-efficacy on the development of entrepreneurial intentions and actions; citation_author=NG Boyd, GS Vozikis; citation_volume=18; citation_publication_date=1994; citation_pages=63-90; citation_id=CR13
citation_title=The psychology of the entrepreneur; citation_inbook_title=Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship; citation_publication_date=1982; citation_pages=39-57; citation_id=CR14; citation_author=RH Brockhaus
citation_journal_title=Academy of Management Journal; citation_title=Punishment from the manager's perspective: a grounded investigation and inductive model; citation_author=KD Butterfield, L Trebe Trevino, GA Ball; citation_volume=39; citation_publication_date=1996; citation_pages=1479-1512; citation_doi=10.2307/257066; citation_id=CR15
citation_journal_title=Information and Control; citation_title=Systematic error on the part of human links in communication systems; citation_author=DT Campbell; citation_volume=1; citation_publication_date=1958; citation_pages=334-369; citation_doi=10.1016/S0019-9958(58)90219-5; citation_id=CR16
citation_journal_title=Psychological Bulletin; citation_title=Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix; citation_author=DT Campbell, DW Fiske; citation_volume=56; citation_publication_date=1959; citation_pages=81-105; citation_doi=10.1037/h0046016; citation_id=CR17
citation_title=The Demography of Corporations and Industries; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_id=CR18; citation_author=G Carroll; citation_author=M Hannan
citation_title=The Entrepreneurial Personality: Concepts, Cases, and Categories; citation_publication_date=1991; citation_id=CR19; citation_author=E Chell; citation_author=J Haworth; citation_author=S Brearley
citation_title=Research issues in entrepreneurship; citation_inbook_title=The State of the Art of Entrepreneurship; citation_publication_date=1992; citation_pages=579-597; citation_id=CR20; citation_author=NC Churchill
citation_title=The rocky road: entrepreneurship in the soviet economy; citation_inbook_title=The Culture of Entrepreneurship; citation_publication_date=1991; citation_pages=81-91; citation_id=CR21; citation_author=WD Connor
citation_journal_title=Strategic Management Journal; citation_title=The strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments; citation_author=JG Covin, DP Slevin; citation_volume=10; citation_publication_date=1989; citation_pages=75-87; citation_doi=10.1002/smj.4250100107; citation_id=CR22
citation_title=Group Techniques for Program Planning; citation_publication_date=1975; citation_id=CR23; citation_author=AL Delbecq; citation_author=AM Van de Ven; citation_author=DH Gustafson
citation_journal_title=Administrative Science Quarterly; citation_title=Dimensions of organizational task environments; citation_author=GG Dess, DW Beard; citation_volume=29; citation_publication_date=1983; citation_pages=52-73; citation_doi=10.2307/2393080; citation_id=CR24
citation_journal_title=Strategic Management Journal; citation_title=Measuring organizational performance in the absence of objective measures; citation_author=GG Dess, RB Robinson; citation_volume=5; citation_publication_date=1984; citation_pages=265-273; citation_doi=10.1002/smj.4250050306; citation_id=CR25
citation_title=International Dimensions of Human Resource Management; citation_publication_date=1994; citation_id=CR26; citation_author=PJ Dowling; citation_author=RS Schuler; citation_author=DE Welsh
citation_journal_title=Administrative Science Quarterly; citation_title=Social loafing and collectivism: a comparison of the United States and the People's Republic of China; citation_author=PC Earley; citation_volume=34; citation_publication_date=1989; citation_pages=565-580; citation_doi=10.2307/2393567; citation_id=CR27
citation_journal_title=Academy of Management Journal; citation_title=East meets west meets mideast: further explorations of collectivistic and individualistic work groups; citation_author=PC Earley; citation_volume=3; citation_publication_date=1993; citation_pages=319-348; citation_doi=10.2307/256525; citation_id=CR28
citation_journal_title=Administrative Science Quarterly; citation_title=Self or group? Cultural effects of training on self-efficacy and performance; citation_author=PC Earley; citation_volume=39; citation_publication_date=1994; citation_pages=89-117; citation_doi=10.2307/2393495; citation_id=CR29
citation_title=Problems in business startup: the relationships among entrepreneurial skills and problem identification for different types of new ventures; citation_inbook_title=Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research; citation_publication_date=1984; citation_pages=496-512; citation_id=CR30; citation_author=WB Gartner
citation_journal_title=American Journal of Small Business; citation_title=Who is an entrepreneur? Is the wrong question; citation_author=WB Gartner; citation_volume=12; citation_publication_date=1988; citation_pages=11-32; citation_id=CR31
citation_journal_title=Personnel Psychology; citation_title=The influence of training method on self-efficacy and idea generating among managers; citation_author=ME Gist; citation_volume=42; citation_publication_date=1989; citation_pages=787-805; citation_doi=10.1111/j.1744-6570.1989.tb00675.x; citation_id=CR32
citation_journal_title=Academy of Management Review; citation_title=Self-efficacy: a theoretical analysis of its determinants and malleability; citation_author=ME Gist, TR Mitchell; citation_volume=17; citation_publication_date=1992; citation_pages=183-211; citation_id=CR33
citation_title=Looking Forward: a Guide to Future Research; citation_publication_date=1983; citation_id=CR34; citation_author=O Helmer
citation_journal_title=Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice; citation_title=Entrepreneurship theory from an interdisciplinary perspective; citation_author=L Herron, HJ Sapienza, D Smith-Cook; citation_volume=2; citation_publication_date=1992; citation_pages=5-11; citation_id=CR35
citation_journal_title=Academy of Management Journal; citation_title=Partner selection in emerging and developed market contexts: resource-based and organizational learning perspectives; citation_author=MA Hitt, TM Dacin, E Levitas, J-L Arregle, A Borza; citation_volume=43; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=449-468; citation_doi=10.2307/1556404; citation_id=CR36
citation_title=Culture's Consequences; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_id=CR37; citation_author=G Hofstede
citation_title=Culture, Leadership, and Organizations; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_id=CR38; citation_author=RJ House; citation_author=PJ Hanges; citation_author=M Javidan; citation_author=PW Dorfman
citation_journal_title=Academy of Management Executive; citation_title=Integrating entrepreneurship with strategic management actions to create firm wealth; citation_author=RD Ireland, MA Hitt, SM Camp, DL Sexton; citation_volume=15; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=49-63; citation_doi=10.5465/AME.2001.4251393; citation_id=CR39
citation_journal_title=Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice; citation_title=Toward a multidimensional model of entrepreneurship: the case of achievement motivation and the entrepreneur; citation_author=BR Johnson; citation_volume=14; citation_publication_date=1990; citation_pages=39-54; citation_id=CR40
citation_title=Starting over in Eastern Europe: Entrepreneurship and Economic Renewal; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_id=CR41; citation_author=S Johnson; citation_author=G Loveman
citation_title=Research Methods in Social Relations; citation_publication_date=1991; citation_id=CR42; citation_author=CM Judd; citation_author=ER Smith; citation_author=LH Kidder
citation_title=Structural Equation Modeling; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_id=CR43; citation_author=D Kaplan
citation_title=Privatization in the CIS; citation_inbook_title=Challenges for Russian Economic Reform; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_pages=117-202; citation_id=CR44; citation_author=MX Kaser
citation_title=Behavioral Research: a Conceptual Approach; citation_publication_date=1979; citation_id=CR45; citation_author=FN Kerlinger
citation_title=The Design of Organizations; citation_publication_date=1977; citation_id=CR46; citation_author=A Khandwalla
citation_title=Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_id=CR47; citation_author=RB Kline
citation_title=Highway and Byways: Studies on Reform and Post-Communist Transition; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_id=CR48; citation_author=JX Kornai
citation_journal_title=Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice; citation_title=Entrepreneurial potential and potential entrepreneurs; citation_author=NF Krueger, DV Brazeal; citation_volume=18; citation_publication_date=1994; citation_pages=91-104; citation_id=CR49
citation_journal_title=Journal of Applied Psychology; citation_title=The multitrait-multirater approach to measuring managerial job performance; citation_author=EE Lawler; citation_volume=51; citation_publication_date=1967; citation_pages=369-439; citation_doi=10.1037/h0025095; citation_id=CR50
citation_journal_title=Journal of Organizational Behavior; citation_title=The need for and meaning of positive organizational behavior; citation_author=F Luthans; citation_volume=23; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=695-706; citation_doi=10.1002/job.165; citation_id=CR51
citation_journal_title=Academy of Management Executive; citation_title=Positive organizational behavior: developing and managing psychological strengths; citation_author=F Luthans; citation_volume=16; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=57-72; citation_doi=10.5465/AME.2002.6640181; citation_id=CR52
citation_journal_title=Academy of Management Review; citation_title=An idiographic approach to organizational behavior research: the use of single case experimental designs and direct measures; citation_author=F Luthans, TRV Davis; citation_volume=7; citation_publication_date=1982; citation_pages=380-391; citation_id=CR53
citation_title=Toward an observation system for measuring leader behavior in natural settings; citation_inbook_title=Leaders and Managers; citation_publication_date=1984; citation_id=CR54; citation_author=F Luthans; citation_author=DL Lockwood
citation_journal_title=Academy of Management Review; citation_title=An emic perspective and ethnoscience method for organizational research; citation_author=F Luthans, N Morey; citation_volume=9; citation_publication_date=1984; citation_pages=27-36; citation_id=CR55
citation_journal_title=Academy of Management Review; citation_title=Refining the displacement of culture and the use of scenes and themes in organizational studies; citation_author=F Luthans, N Morey; citation_volume=10; citation_publication_date=1985; citation_pages=219-229; citation_id=CR56
citation_title=Real Managers; citation_publication_date=1988; citation_id=CR57; citation_author=F Luthans; citation_author=RM Hodgetts; citation_author=SA Rosenkrantz
citation_journal_title=Journal of World Business; citation_title=Environmental and psychological challenges facing entrepreneurial development in transitionary economies; citation_author=F Luthans, AD Stajkovic, E Ibrayeva; citation_volume=35; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=95-110; citation_doi=10.1016/S1090-9516(99)00035-8; citation_id=CR58
citation_journal_title=Journal of International Business Studies; citation_title=What do Russian managers really do?; citation_author=F Luthans, DHB Welsh, SA Rosenkrantz; citation_volume=24; citation_publication_date=1993; citation_pages=741-761; citation_doi=10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490253; citation_id=CR59
citation_journal_title=Organizational Dynamics; citation_title=Human, social, and now positive psychological capital management: investing in people for competitive advantage; citation_author=F Luthans, CM Youssef; citation_volume=33; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=143-160; citation_doi=10.1016/j.orgdyn.2004.01.003; citation_id=CR60
citation_title=Self-efficacy; citation_inbook_title=Handbook of Positive Psychology; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=277-298; citation_id=CR61; citation_author=JE Maddux
citation_journal_title=Journal of Creative Behavior; citation_title=Characteristics of successful entrepreneurs; citation_author=DC McClelland; citation_volume=21; citation_publication_date=1987; citation_pages=219-233; citation_doi=10.1002/j.2162-6057.1987.tb00479.x; citation_id=CR62
citation_journal_title=Educational and Psychological Measurement; citation_title=A questionnaire measure of individual differences in achieving tendency; citation_author=A Mehrabian, L Banks; citation_volume=38; citation_publication_date=1978; citation_pages=475-478; citation_doi=10.1177/001316447803800234; citation_id=CR63
citation_title=Qualitative Data Analysis: a Sourcebook of New Methods; citation_publication_date=1984; citation_id=CR64; citation_author=MB Miles; citation_author=MA Huberman
citation_journal_title=Strategic Management Journal; citation_title=Strategy-making and environment; citation_author=D Miller, PH Friesen; citation_volume=4; citation_publication_date=1983; citation_pages=221-235; citation_doi=10.1002/smj.4250040304; citation_id=CR65
citation_title=The Nature of Managerial Work; citation_publication_date=1973; citation_id=CR66; citation_author=H Mintzberg
citation_title=The Characteristics of Effective Organizations; citation_publication_date=1972; citation_id=CR67; citation_author=PE Mott
citation_title=Entrepreneurship: a person based theory approach; citation_inbook_title=Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence and Growth; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_pages=21-51; citation_id=CR68; citation_author=D Naffziger
citation_title=Radical Reform in Yeltsin's Russia: Political, Economic, and Social Dimensions; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_id=CR69; citation_author=L Nelson; citation_author=I Kuzes
citation_journal_title=Academy of Management Review; citation_title=Organizational transformation during institutional upheaval; citation_author=KL Newman; citation_volume=25; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=602-619; citation_id=CR70
citation_title=Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance; citation_publication_date=1990; citation_id=CR71; citation_author=DC North
citation_title=Central Asia's New States: Independence, Foreign Policy, and Regional Security; citation_publication_date=1996; citation_id=CR72; citation_author=MB Olcott
citation_journal_title=Academy of Management Executive; citation_title=How entrepreneurs create wealth in transition economies; citation_author=M Peng; citation_volume=15; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=95-101; citation_doi=10.5465/AME.2001.4251397; citation_id=CR73
citation_journal_title=Academy of Management Review; citation_title=The growth of the firm in planned economies in transition: institutions, organizations, and strategic choice; citation_author=M Peng, PS Heath; citation_volume=21; citation_publication_date=1996; citation_pages=492-528; citation_id=CR74
citation_journal_title=Academy of Management Executive; citation_title=Understanding the bear: a portrait of russian business leaders; citation_author=SM Puffer; citation_volume=8; citation_publication_date=1994; citation_pages=41-54; citation_id=CR75
citation_journal_title=Academy of Management Executive; citation_title=Global statesman: Mikhail Gorbachev on globalization (interview); citation_author=SM Puffer; citation_volume=13; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_pages=8-14; citation_id=CR76
citation_journal_title=Academy of Management Executive; citation_title=Navigating the hostile maze: a framework for Russian entrepreneurship; citation_author=SM Puffer, DJ McCarthy; citation_volume=15; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=24-36; citation_doi=10.5465/AME.2001.5897647; citation_id=CR77
citation_journal_title=Psychological Monographs; citation_title=Generalized expectancies for internal vs external control of reinforcement; citation_author=JB Rotter; citation_volume=80; citation_publication_date=1966; citation_pages=1-28; citation_doi=10.1037/h0092976; citation_id=CR78
citation_journal_title=American Psychologist; citation_title=Positive psychology: an introduction; citation_author=MEP Seligman, M Csikszentmihalyi; citation_volume=55; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=5-14; citation_doi=10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5; citation_id=CR79
citation_journal_title=Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice; citation_title=Person, process, choice: the psychology of new venture creation; citation_author=KG Shaver, LR Scott; citation_volume=15; citation_publication_date=1991; citation_pages=23-45; citation_id=CR80
citation_journal_title=Psychological Reports; citation_title=The self-efficacy scale: construction and validation; citation_author=M Sherer, JE Maddux, B Mercadante, S Prentice-Dunn, B Jacobs, RW Rogers; citation_volume=51; citation_publication_date=1982; citation_pages=663-671; citation_doi=10.2466/pr0.1982.51.2.663; citation_id=CR81
citation_title=Entrepreneurship as firm behavior: a research model; citation_inbook_title=Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence and Growth; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_pages=40-51; citation_id=CR82; citation_author=DP Slevin; citation_author=JG Covin
citation_title=Handbook of Positive Psychology; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_id=CR83; citation_author=CR Snyder; citation_author=S Lopez
citation_journal_title=Academy of Management Journal; citation_title=A meta-analysis of the effects of organizational behavior modification on task performance, 1975–95; citation_author=AD Stajkovic, F Luthans; citation_volume=40; citation_publication_date=1997; citation_pages=1122-1149; citation_doi=10.2307/256929; citation_id=CR84
citation_journal_title=Psychological Bulletin; citation_title=Self-efficacy and work-related performance: a meta-analysis; citation_author=AD Stajkovic, F Luthans; citation_volume=124; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=240-261; citation_doi=10.1037/0033-2909.124.2.240; citation_id=CR85
citation_journal_title=Organizational Dynamics; citation_title=Social cognitive theory and self-efficacy: going beyond traditional motivational and behavioral approaches; citation_author=AD Stajkovic, F Luthans; citation_volume=26; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=62-74; citation_doi=10.1016/S0090-2616(98)90006-7; citation_id=CR86
citation_title=The business culture in Kazakhstan; citation_inbook_title=Business Cultures in Central and Eastern Europe; citation_publication_date=1997; citation_pages=78-87; citation_id=CR87; citation_author=M Taylor
citation_journal_title=Journal of Applied Psychology; citation_title=Training to improve observer accuracy; citation_author=GC Thornton, S Zorich; citation_volume=65; citation_publication_date=1980; citation_pages=351-354; citation_doi=10.1037/0021-9010.65.3.351; citation_id=CR88
citation_journal_title=Journal of Management; citation_title=Designing new business startups: entrepreneurial, organizational, and ecological considerations; citation_author=AH Van de Ven, R Hudson, DM Schroeder; citation_volume=10; citation_publication_date=1984; citation_pages=87-107; citation_doi=10.1177/014920638401000108; citation_id=CR89
citation_title=New Venture Strategies; citation_publication_date=1980; citation_id=CR90; citation_author=KH Vesper
citation_journal_title=Academy of Management Executive; citation_title=Understanding the bear: executive commentary; citation_author=C Walck; citation_volume=8; citation_publication_date=1994; citation_pages=41-54; citation_id=CR91
citation_journal_title=Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice; citation_title=A conceptual model of entrepreneurship as firm behavior: a critique and extension; citation_author=SA Zahra; citation_volume=17; citation_publication_date=1993; citation_pages=5-21; citation_id=CR92
citation_journal_title=Academy of Management Review; citation_title=Privatization and entrepreneurial transformation: emerging issues and a future research agenda; citation_author=SA Zahra, DR Ireland, I Gutierrez, MA Hitt; citation_volume=25; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=509-524; citation_id=CR93