The effects of low-intensity narrow-band blue-light treatment compared to bright white-light treatment in sub-syndromal seasonal affective disorder
Tóm tắt
The discovery of a novel photoreceptor in the retinal ganglion cells with a highest sensitivity of 470-490 nm blue light has led to research on the effects of short-wavelength light in humans. Several studies have explored the efficacy of monochromatic blue or blue-enriched light in the treatment of SAD. In this study, a comparison has been made between the effects of broad-wavelength light without ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths compared to narrow-band blue light in the treatment of sub-syndromal seasonal affective disorder (Sub-SAD). In a 15-day design, 48 participants suffering from Sub-SAD completed 20-minute sessions of light treatment on five consecutive days. 22 participants were given bright white-light treatment (BLT, broad-wavelength light without UV 10 000 lux, irradiance 31.7 Watt/m2) and 26 participants received narrow-band blue light (BLUE, 100 lux, irradiance 1.0 Watt/m2). All participants completed daily and weekly questionnaires concerning mood, activation, sleep quality, sleepiness and energy. Also, mood and energy levels were assessed by means of the SIGH-SAD, the primary outcome measure. On day 15, SIGH-SAD ratings were significantly lower than on day 1 (BLT 54.8 %, effect size 1.7 and BLUE 50.7 %, effect size 1.9). No statistically significant differences were found on the main outcome measures. Light treatment is an effective treatment for Sub-SAD. The use of narrow-band blue-light treatment is equally effective as bright white-light treatment. This study was registered in the Dutch Trial Register (Nederlands Trial Register TC =
4342
) (20-12-2013).
Tài liệu tham khảo
American Psychiatric Association (APA). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Fourthth ed. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994.
Rosenthal NE, Sack DA, Gillin JC, Lewy AJ, Goodwin FK, Davenport Y, et al. Seasonal Affective Disorder: a description of the syndrome and preliminary findings with light therapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1984;41:72–80.
Terman M, Terman JS, Quitkin FM, McGrath PJ, Stewart JW, Rafferty B. Light treatment for seasonal affective disorder: a review of efficacy. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1989;2:1–22.
Golden RN, Gaynes BN, Ekstrom RD, Hamer RM, Jacobsen FM, Suppes T, et al. The efficacy of light therapy in the treatment of mood disorders: a review and meta-analysis of the evidence. Am J Psychiatr. 2005;162:656–62.
Kasper S, Rogers SL, Yancey AL, Schulz PM, Skwerer RG, Rosenthal NE. Phototherapy in subsyndromal seasonal affective disorder (S-SAD) And “diagnosed”controls. Pharmacopsychiat. 1988;21:m428–9.
Kasper S, Rogers SLB, Yancey A, Schultz PM, Skwerer RG, Rosenthal NE. Phototherapy in individuals with and without subsyndromal seasonal affective disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1989;46:837–44.
Kasper S, Rogers SLB, Madden PA, Joseph-Vanderpool JR, Rosenthal NE. The effects of phototherapy in the general population. J Affect Disord. 1990;18:211–9.
Avery DH, Kizer D, Bolte MA, Hellekson C. Bright light therapy of subsyndromal seasonal affective disorder in the workplace: morning vs. afternoon exposure. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2001;103:267–74.
Norden MJ, Avery DH. A controlled study of dawn simulation in subsyndromal winter depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1993;88:67–71.
Rastad C, Ulfberg J, Lindberg P. Light room therapy effective in mild forms of seasonal affective disorder. A randomised controlled study. J Affect Disord. 2008;108:291–296.
Rosenthal NE, Genhart MJ, Sack DA, Skwerer RG, Wehr TA. Seasonal affective disorder and its relevance for the understanding and treatment of bulimia. In: Hudson JJ, Pope HG, editors. The psychobiology of bulimia. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1987. p. 205–28.
Kasper S, Wehr TA, Bartko JJ, Gaist PA, Rosenthal NE. Epidemiological findings of seasonal changes in mood and behavior. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1989;46:823–33.
Mersch PPA, Middendorp H, Bouhuys AL, Beersma DGM, Van den Hoofdakker RH. The prevalence of seasonal affective disorder in the Netherlands: a prospective and retrospective study of seasonal mood variation in the general population. Biol Psychiatry. 1999;45:1013–22.
Rastad C, Sjödén P-O, Ulfberg AJ. High prevalence of self-reported winter depression in a Swedish county. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2005;59:666–75.
Steinhausen H-C, Gundelfinger R, Winkle Metze C. Prevalence of self-reported seasonal affective disorders and the validity of the seasonal pattern assessment questionnaire in young adults. Findings from a Swiss community study. J Affect Disord. 2009;115:347–54.
Magnusson A. Validation of the seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ). J Affect Disord. 1996;40:121–9.
Hardin TA, Wehr TA, Brewerton T, Kasper S, Berrettini W, Rabkin J, et al. Evaluation of seasonality in six clinical populations and two normal populations. J Psychiatr Res. 1991;25:75–81.
Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Sheehan KH, Amorim P, Janavs J, Weiller E, et al. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. J Clin Psychiatry. 1998;59 suppl 20:222–33.
Williams JBW, Link MJ, Rosenthal NE, Terman M. Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale – Seasonal Affective Disorder version (SIGH-SAD). New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute; 2002.
Provencio I, Rodriguez IR, Jiang G, Hayes WP, Moreira EF, Rollag MD. A novel human opsin in the inner retina. J Neurosci. 2000;15:600–5.
Berson DM, Dunn FA, Takao M. Phototransduction by retinal ganglion cells that set the circadian clock. Science. 2002;295:1070–3.
Hattar S, Liao HW, Takao M, Berson DM, Yau KW. Melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells: architecture, projections, and intrinsic photosensitivity. Science. 2002;295:1065–70.
Dacey DM, Liao HM, Peterson BB, Robinson FR, Smith VC, Pokorny J, et al. Melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells in primate retina signal colour and irradiance and project to the LCN. Nature. 2005;433:749–54.
Brainard GC, Hanifin JP, Greeson JM, Byrne B, Glickman G, Gerner E, et al. Action spectrum for melatonin regulation in humans: evidence for a novel circadian photoreceptor. J Neurosci. 2001;21:6405–12.
Thapan K, Arendt J, Skene DJ. An action spectrum for melatonin suppression: evidence for a novel non-rod, non –cone photoreceptor system in humans. J Physiol. 2001;535:261–7.
Lockley SW, Brainard GC, Czeisler CA. High sensitivity of the human circadian melatonin rhythm to resetting by short wavelength light. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:4502–5.
Schmidt TM, Chen S-K, Hattar S. Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells: many subtypes, diverse functions. Trends Neurosci. 2011;34(11):572–80. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2011.07.001.
Gordijn MGM, ’t Mannetje D, Meesters Y. The effects of blue-enriched light treatment compared to standard light treatment in seasonal affective disorder. J Affect Disord. 2012;136:72–80.
Meesters Y, Dekker V, Schlangen LJM, Bos EH, Ruiter MJ. Low-intensity blue-enriched white light (750 lux) and standard bright light (10,000 lux) are equally effective in the treatment of SAD. A randomized controlled study. BMC Psychiatry. 2011;11:17.
Glickman G, Byrne B, Pineda C, Hauck W, Brainard GC. Light therapy for seasonal affective disorder with blue narrow-band light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Biol Psychiatry. 2006;59:502–7.
Strong RE, Marchant BK, Reimherr FW, Williams E, Soni P, Mestas R. Narrow-Band blue-light treatment of seasonal affective disorders in adults and the influence of additional nonseasonal symptoms. Depress Anxiety. 2009;26:273–8.
Desan PH, Weinstein AJ, Michalak EE, Tam EM, Meesters Y, Ruiter MJ, et al. A controlled trial of the Litebook light-emitting diode (LED) light therapy device for treatment of seasonal Affective disorder (SAD). BMC Psychiatry. 2007;7:38.
Anderson JL, Glod CA, Dai J, Lockley SW. Lux vs. wavelength in light treatment of Seasonal Affective Disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2009;120:203–12.
Meesters Y, Duijzer WH. The effects of low intensity monochromatic blue light treatment compared to standard light treatment. SLTBR abstracts. 2011;23:52.
Meesters Y. The timing of light therapy and response assessment in winter depression. Acta Neuropsychiatrica. 1995;7:61–3.
Knapen SE, Van de Werken M, Gordijn MCM, Meesters Y. The duration of light treatment and therapy outcome in Seasonal Affective Disorder. J Affect Disord. 2014;166:343–6.
Meesters Y, Van Os TWDP, Grondsma K, Veneman F, Beersma DGM, Bouhuys AL. Light box vs Light Visor; Bright white vs infrared or placebo light. SLTBR abstracts. 1997;9:27.
Lucas RJ, Peirson SN, Berson DM, Brown TM, Cooper HM, Czeisler CA, et al. Measuring and using light in the melanopsin age. Trends Neurosci. 2014;37(1):1–9.
Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK. Beck Depression Inventory-II. Dutch version: A.J.W. van der Does. Lisse: Swets Test Publishers; 2002.
Alberts M, Smets EMA, Vercoulen JHMM, Garssen B, Bleijenberg G. Verkorte VermoeidheidsVragenlijst: een praktisch hulpmiddel bij het scoren van vermoeidheid. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor de Geneeskunde. 1997;141:1526–30.
Von Zerssen D. Die befindlichkeitsskala. Manual. Weinheim: Beltz Test Verlag; 1976.
Von Zerssen D. Clinical self-rating scales of the Munich Psychiatric Information System. In: Satorius N, Ban TA, editors. Assessment of Depression. Berlin: Springer Verlag; 1986. p. 270–303.
Elsinga S. Een zelfbeoordelingschaal voor depressie. Tijdschr Psychiatr. 1998;30:114–26.
Gillberg M, Kecklund G, Akkerstedt T. Relations between performance and subjective ratings of sleepiness during a night wake. Sleep. 1994;17:236–41.
van der Meulen WREH M-H, Wijnberg JR, Hollander J, De Diana IPF, Van den Hoofdakker RH. Measurement of subjective sleep quality. Amsterdam: Fifth European Sleep Congress of the European Sleep Research Society; 1980. p. 98.
Leppämäki S, Meesters Y, Haukka J, Lönnqvist J, Partonen T. Effect of simulated dawn on quality of sleep- a community-based trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2003;3:14.
Thayer RE. Activation-deactivation adjective checklist: current overview and structural analysis. Psychol Rep. 1986;58:607–14.
Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1988.
Rastad C, Ulfberg J, Lindberg P. Improvement in Fatigue, Sleepiness, and Health-Related Quality of Life with Bright Light Treatment in Persons with Seasonal Affective Disorder and Subsyndromal SAD. Depression Research and Treatment 2011; 543906. doi: 10.1155/2011/543906
Richter P, Bouhuys AL, den Hoofdakker RH V, Beersma DGM, Jansen JHC, Lambers PA, et al. Imaginary versus real light for winter depression. Biol Psychiatry. 1992;31:534–6.
Koorngevel KM, Gordijn MCM, Beersma DGM, Meesters Y, Den Boer JA, Van den Hoofdakker RH, et al. Extra ocular light therapy in winter depression: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Biol Psychiatry. 2001;50:691–8.
Partonen T, Rosenthal NE. Diagnostic assessment. In: Partonen T, editor. Pandi-Perumal: Seasonal Affective Disorder. Practice and Research. Secondth ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2010.
Terman M. On the question of mechanism in phototherapy for seasonal affective disorder: considerations of clinical efficacy and epidemiology. J Biol Rhythms. 1988;3:155–72.
Terman M, Williams JBW, White TM. Assessment Instruments. In: Partonen T, editor. Pandi-Perumal: Seasonal Affective Disorder. Practice and Research. New York: Oxford University Press; 2010.
Cajochen C, Zeitzer JM, Czeisler CA, Dijk DJ. Dose-response relationship for light intensity and ocular and electroencephalographic correlates of human alertness. Behav Brain Res. 2000;115:75–83.
Zeitzer JM, Dijk DJ, Kronauer RE, Brown EN, Czeiszler CA. Sensitivity of the human circadian pacemaker to nocturnal light: melatonin phase resetting and suppression. J Physiol. 2000;526(Pt 3):695–702.
Stuhlmiller CM. Understanding seasonal affective disorder and experiences in Nothern Norway. J Nurs Scholarsh. 1998;30:151–6.
Lam RW, Tam EM, Yatham LN, Shiah I-S, Zis AP. Seasonal depression. The dual vulnerability hypothesis revisited. J Affect Disord. 2001;63:123–132.
Giménez MC, Beersma DGM, Bollen P, Van der Linden ML, Gordijn MCM. Effects of a chronic reduction of short-wavelength light input on melatonin and sleep patterns in humans: Evidence for adaptation. Chronobiol Int. 2014;31:690–7.
Najjar RP, Chiquet C, Teikari P, Cornut P-L, Claustrat B, Denis P, et al. Aging of non-visual spectral sensitivity to light in humans: compensatory mechanisms? PLoS One. 2014;9(1):e85837. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085837.