Acquiring baseline information for successful plant translocations when there is no time to lose: the case of the neglected Critically Endangered Narcissus cavanillesii (Amaryllidaceae)

Anon. (1992) Directive 92/43 of the Council of the European Community on the Conservation of Habitats and Wild Fauna and Flora. European Community, Brussels

ANPC (Australian Network for Plant Conservation) (1997) Guidelines for the translocation of threatened plants in Australia. ANCP, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia

Barkham JP (1980) Population dynamics of the wild daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus). II. Changes in number of shoots and flowers, and the effect of bulb depth on growth and reproduction. J Ecol 68:635–664

Bullock JM (1998) Community translocation in Britain: setting objectives and measuring consequences. Biol Conserv 84:199–214

Bullock JM, Hodder KH, Manchester SJ, Stevenson MJ (1997) Review of information, policy and legislation on species translocation. JNCC Report 261. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough

Clewell A, Rieger J, Munro J (2000) Guidelines for developing and managing ecological restoration projects. Society for Ecological Restoration. www.ser.org . Accessed 12 July 2004

Devesa J (1995) Vegetación y Flora de Extremadura. Universitas Editorial, Badajoz

Draper D (2010) Assessment of environmental and human factors that affect the current distribution of rare plant species in the Iberian Peninsula. Ph.D. Dissertation. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos

Draper D, Marques I, Iriondo JM (in press) Successful translocation of Narcissus cavanillesii A. Barra & G. López (Amaryllidaceae) in Portugal. In Soorae, P. S. (ed.). Global Re-introduction Perspectives: 2015. Further case studies from around the globe. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group and Abu Dhabi, UAE: Environment Agency-Abu Dhabi

Fernandes A, Fernandes R (1945) On the origin of Tapeinanthus humilis Herb. Herbertia 12:85–97

García MB, Guzmán D, Goñi D (2002) An evaluation of the status of five threatened plant species in the Pyrenees. Biol Conserv 103:151–161

Godefroid S, Piazza C, Rossi G, Buord S, Stevens AD, Aguraiuja R, Cowell C, Weekley CW, Vogg G, Iriondo JM, Johnson I, Dixon B, Gordon D, Magnanon S, Valentin B, Bjureke K, Lavergne C, Koopman R, Vicens M, Virevaire M, Vanderborght T (2011) How successful are plant species reintroductions? Biol Conserv 144:672–682

González-Benito E, Martín C, Iriondo JM (1995) Autoecology and conservation of Erodium paularense Fdez. Glez. and Izco. Biol Conserv 72:55–60

Guerrant EO, Kaye T (2007) Reintroduction of rare and endangered plants: common factors, questions and approaches. Aust J Bot 55:362–370

Harbone JB (1993) Ecological Biochemistry, 4th edn. Academic Press, London

Howald AM (1996) Translocation as a mitigation strategy: Lessons from California. In: Falk DA, Millar CI, Olwell M (eds) Restoring diversity: strategies for the reintroduction of endangered plants. Island Press, Washington, DC, pp 293–330

IUCN (1998) IUCN Guidelines for Re-introductions. Prepared by the IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. Available from the IUCN Publications Services Unit or www.iucn.org/themes/ssc/pubs/policy . Accessed 9 May 2001

IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge

IUCN (2012) Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN

Malato-Beliz J (1977) Braxireon humile (Cav.) Rafin-Nouvelle Amaryllidacee pour le Portugal. Candollea 32:249–254

Marques I (2002) Caracterização da fenologia e biologia reprodutiva de Narcissus serotinus L. (Amaryllidaceae). Dissertation, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa

Marques I, Draper D (2012) Seed germination and longevity of autumn-flowering and autumn-seed producing Mediterranean geophytes. Seed Sci Res 22:299–309

Marques I, Rosselló-Graell A, Draper D (2005) Narcissus x perezlarae Font Quer (Amaryllidaceae). A new taxon for the portuguese flora. Flora Mediterranea 15:211–217

Marques I, Rosselló-Graell A, Draper D, Iriondo JM (2007) Pollination patterns limit hybridization between two sympatric species of Narcissus (Amaryllidaceae). Am J Bot 94:1352–1359

Marques I, Rosselló-Graell A, Draper D (2009) Narcissus cavanillesii en la cuenca del Guadiana: hacia una conservación transfronteriza. Acta Botanica Malacitana 34:269–272

Marques I, Nieto Feliner G, Draper D, Martins-Loução MA, Fuertes Aguilar J (2010) Unraveling cryptic reticulate relationships and the origin of orphan hybrid disjunct populations in Narcissus. Evolution 64:2353–2368

Marques I, Nieto Feliner G, Martins-Loução MA, Fuertes Aguilar J (2011) Fitness in Narcissus hybrids: low fertility is overcome by early hybrid vigour, absence of exogenous selection and high bulb propagation. J Ecol 99:1508–1519

Marques I, Fuertes Aguilar J, Martins-Loução MA, Nieto Feliner G (2012) Spatial–temporal patterns of flowering asynchrony and pollinator fidelity in hybridizing species of Narcissus. Evol Ecol 26:1433–1450

Maschinski J, Duquesnel J (2006) Successful reintroductions of the endangered long-lived Sargent’s cherry palm, Pseudophoenix sargentii, in the Florida Keys. Biol Conserv 134:122–129

McLean, IFG (2003) A Habitats Translocation Policy for Britain. Joint Nature Conservation Committee in conjunction with The Countryside Agency for Wales, English Nature and Scottish Natural Heritage

Menges ES (2008) Restoration demography and genetics of plants: when is a translocation successful? Aust J Bot 56:187–196

Menges ES, Dolan RW (1998) Demographic viability of populations of Silene regia in midwestern prairies: relationships with fire management, genetic variation, geographic location, population size and isolation. J Ecol 86:63–78

Pavlik BM (1996) Defining and measuring success. In: Falk DA, Millar CI, Olwell M (eds) Restoring Diversity: Strategies for the Reintroduction of Endangered Plants. Island Press, Washington, DC, pp 127–155

Rosselló-Graell A, Draper D, Marques I, Salvado E, Albano S, Albert MJ, Iriondo JM, Correia AID (2001) Projecto de salvaguarda de Narcissus cavanillesii A. Barra & G. López como medida de minimização da construção da barragem do Alqueva. Primeiro Relatório Parcial de Progresso. Museu, Laboratório e Jardim Botânico da Universidade de Lisboa. Lisboa, Portugal

Rosselló-Graell A, Salvado E, Albano S, Draper D, Correia AID (2003) Conservation programme for Narcissus cavanillesii (Amaryllidaceae) in Portugal. Bocconea 16:853–856

Rosselló-Graell A, Marques I, Draper D (2004) Segunda localidad de Narcissus cavanillesii A. Barra et G. López en Portugal. Acta Botanica. Malacitana 28:196–197

Rosselló-Graell A, Marques I, Draper D, Iriondo JM (2007) The role of breeding system in the reproductive success of Narcissus cavanillesii A. Barra & G. López (Amaryllidaceae). Bocconea 21:359–365

Sánchez-Palomares O, Sánchez-Serrano F, Carretero MP (1999) Modelos y cartografía de estimaciones climáticas termopluviométricas para la España peninsular. INIA, Madrid

Santos MJ, Pedroso NM, Ferreira JP, Matos HM, Sales-Luís T, Pereira I, Baltazar C, Grilo C, Cândido AT, Sousa I, Santos-Reis M (2008) Assessing dam implementation impact on threatened carnivores: the case of Alqueva in SE Portugal. Environ Monit Assess 142:47–64. doi: 10.1007/s10661-007-9907-8

Schmida A, Dafni A (1989) Blooming stategies, flower size and advertising in the “Lily-Group” geophytes in Israel. Herbetia 45(1&2):111–123

SER (Society for Ecological Restoration Science and Policy Working Group) (2002) The SER Primer on Ecological Restoration. www.ser.org . Accessed 12 July 2004

Sokal RR, Rohlf FJ (1995) Biometry: the principles and practice of statistics in biological research, 3rd edn. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York

Sutter RD (1996) Monitoring. In: Falk DA, Millar CI, Olwell M (eds) Restoring Diversity: Strategies for Reintroduction of Endangered Plants. Island Press, Washington, DC, pp 235–265

Valdés B, Talavera S, Fernández Galiano E (1987) Flora Vascular de Andalucía Occidental, vol III. Ketres Editora S.A, Barcelona, p 472