Mechanisms in the simultaneous erosion-oxidation attack of nickel and cobalt at high temperature
Tóm tắt
An apparatus is described by which a specimen may be exposed to a well-defined erosive gas stream containing 20 μm alumina particles. Samples of nickel and cobalt were exposed to conditions of erosion and high temperature oxidation simultaneously, using 90 deg impact angle, at velocities up to 140 m/s-1 and at temperatures up to 800 °C. From the results of erosion kinetics, surface morphologies, and cross section metallographic observations it is concluded that several definite regimes of interaction between erosion and oxidation exist. These regimes are described in qualitative terms, and it is shown how they arise as a result of the balance between the relative intensities of the erosion and oxidation processes.
Tài liệu tham khảo
I. Finnie:Wear, 1960, vol. 3, pp. 87–103.
I. M. Hutchings and R.E. Winter:Wear, 1974, vol. 27, pp. 121–28.
J.G.A. Bitter:Wear, 1963, vol. 6, pp. 169–90, Part II.
R. Winter and I. M. Hutchings:Wear, 1974, vol. 29, pp. 181–94.
W. F. Adler: Tech. Report, U.S. Army Research Office, June 1979, Contract No. DAAG 29-77C-0039.
P. Shewmon and G. Sundararajan:Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci., 1983, vol. 13, pp. 301–18.
K. Hauffe:Oxidation of Metals, Plenum Press Publ., New York, NY, 1966.
P. Kofstad:High Temperature Oxidation of Metals, John Wiley, New York, NY, 1966.
N. Birks and G. H. Meier:Introduction to High Temperature Oxidation of Metals, E. Arnold Ltd., London, 1982.
A. R. Cooper:Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc., 1981, vol. 2, pp. 1963–89.
D. Cubicciotti and K. H. Lau:J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1978, vol. 61, pp. 512–17.
S. Bhattacharya, C. Hales, and V. Hill: Tech. Report “Corrosion-Erosion Behavior of Materials,” K. Natesan, ed., Oct. 1978, Conference Proceedings of the Fall Meeting, St. Louis, MO, pp. 244–67.
R. H. Barkalow, J. A. Goebel, and F. S. Pettit: Tech. Report, EPRI, May 1980, CS-1448 Project 979-4, Final Report.
I. G. Wright, V. Nagarajan, and R. B. Herchoeder:Corrosion-Erosion Behavior of Materials, K. Natesan, ed., Proceedings of a symposium at the Fall Meeting of TMS-AIME, St. Louis, MO, Oct. 17–18, 1978.
A. V. Levy and G. Zambelli:Wear, 1981, vol. 68, pp. 305–31.
W. Tabakoff:Wear, 1983, vol. 86, pp. 65–99.
S.M. Benford, G. R. Zellars, and G. E Lowell: NASA Technical Memorandum, No. 81715, 1980.
L. K. Ives:Transactions of the ASME, 1977, vol. April, p. 126.
V. Nagarajan, I. G. Wright, W. E. Merz, and J. Stringer: The International Corrosion Forum Sponsored by the National Association of Corrosion Engineers, April 6–10, 1981, Toronto, ON.
G. Klinzing:Gas Solid Transport, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 1981.
A. G. Evans, M. E. Gulden, and M. Rosenblatt:Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, 1978, vol. 361, pp. 343–65.
D. B. Marshall, B. R. Lawn, and A. G. Evans:Am. Cer. Soc. Journal, 1982, vol. 65, no. 11, pp. 561–66.
I. Finnie and G. L. Sheldon:Jour, of Engineering for Industry, 1966, vol. Nov., pp. 387–92.
H. L. Oh, P. L. Oh, S. Vaidyanathan, and I. Finnie: “On the Shaping of Brittle Solids by Erosion and Ultrasonic Cutting,” National Bureau of Standards, Special Pub., pp. 119–32.
J. H. Nielson and A. Gilchrist:Wear, 1968, vol. 11, p. 124.
I. Finnie and D.H. McFadden:Wear, 1978, vol. 48, pp. 181–90.
J. G. A. Bitter:Wear, 1963, vol. 6, pp. 5–21, Part I.
I. M. Hutchings:Erosion: Prevention and Useful Application, W. F. Adler, ed., ASTM STP 664, 1979, pp. 59–76.
I. M. Hutchings, R. E. Winter, and J. E. Field:Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, 1976, vol. 348, pp. 379–92.
P.S. Follansbee: Ph.D. Thesis, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 1981.
I.M. Hutchings and T. J. O’Brien:Int. Jour. Mech. Sci., 1981, vol. 23, pp. 255–61.
Argonne National Lab., Materials Science, Division Coal Technology, Second Quarterly Report Tech. Report ANL-75-XX-2, Appendix 1, 1975.
A. V. Levy and R. Bellman:Wear, 1981, vol. 70, pp. 1–28.
G. Sundararajan: Ph.D. Thesis, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 1982.