Seasonal and spatial variability of the content of suspended organic substances in the active layer of the Black Sea
Tóm tắt
On the basis of the generalized data of multiannual observations (1985–1994), we analyze the seasonal variability of the vertical and spatial distributions and composition (Csos, Nsos, Csos/cha, and C/N) of suspended organic substances (SOS) in the shelf zone and in the upper active layer of the abyssal part of the Black Sea. The results of our analysis enable us to conclude that only a narrow coastal band of the shelf in the northwest and west parts of the sea suffers to an extremely pronounced anthropogenic impact, which manifests itself in a significant increase in the mass of suspended organic substances. The formation of new organic substances and, hence, the mass of suspended organic substances in these regions attain the level of eutrophic waters in the late-spring and summer periods. In the open-sea region, the anthropogenic impact is less pronounced and the spatial distribution of suspended organic substances is determined by the general dynamics of waters and the intensity of phytoplankton production.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Finenko, Z. Z. Concentrations of organic substances in the system of the Black Sea and Sea of Azov. In:Investigation of Plankton in the Black Sea and Sea of Azov. Marine Biology. Issue 2. Kiev: Naukova Dumka (1965), pp. 12–16.
Filippov, V. S. Suspended organic carbon in the water of the aerobic zone of the Black Sea. In:Ecosystems of the Pelagic Zone of the Black Sea. Moscow: Nauka (1980), pp. 62–64.
Bologa, A. S., and Burlakova, Z. P. Chlorophylla and the products of its destruction in the plankton of the Black Sea. Near-Bosporus region and the west part of the sea (spring 1982). In:Dynamics of Waters and Productivity of Plankton in the Black sea. Moscow: IO AN SSSR, KOTs “World Ocean” (1988), pp. 253–263.
Vostokov, S. V. Suspended organic substances in the open waters of the Black Sea (spring 1984). In:Contemporary State of the Ecosystem of the Black Sea. Moscow: Nauka (1987), pp. 59–67.
Vostokov, S. V. Dynamics of suspended organic substances in the Black Sea within the period of winter-spring blooming of water caused by phytoplankton. In:Variability of the Ecosystem of the Black Sea. Natural and Anthropogenic Factors. Moscow: Nauka (1991), pp. 262–271.
Burlakova, Z. P., Eremeeva, L. V., Krupatkina, D. K.,et al., Distribution and chemical composition of suspended substances in the west and northwest parts of the Black Sea. In:Processes of Formation and Interannual Variability of Hydrophysical and Hydrochemical Fields in the Black Sea. Sevastopol: MHI (1988), pp. 162–172.
Agatova, A. I., Burlakova, Z. P., Eremeeva, L. V.,et al. Dissolved and suspended organic substances in the Black Sea in winter and spring. In:Complex Oceanographic Investigations of the Black Sea. Sevastopol: MHI (1989), pp. 152–164.
Bezborodov, A. A., Burlakova, Z. P., Gulin, B. M.,et al. Biochemical processes in the zone of interaction of aerobic and anaerobic waters in the Black Sea. In:Complex Oceanological Investigations of the Black sea. Sevastopol: MHI (1990), pp. 148–163.
Burlakova, Z. P., Eremeeva, L. V., and Bezborodov, A. A. Regularities of the vertical distribution of suspended organic substances in the Black Sea.Dokl. Akad. Nauk Ukrainy (1992) No. 4, 81–84.
Yunev, O. A., and Berseneva, G. P. Fluorimetric method of determination of the concentrations of chlorophylla and pheophytina in phytoplankton.Gidrobiologich. Zh. (1986)22, 102–108.
Goryachkin, Yu. N., and Ivanov, V. A. Interannual variability of level in the northwest part of the Black Sea. In:Investigations of the Shelf Zone of the Azov-Black-Sea Basin. Sevastopol: MHI (1995), pp. 18–21.
Blatov, A. S., Bulgakov, N. P., Ivanov, V. A.,et al. Variability of Hydrophysical Fields in the Black Sea. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, (1984).
Boguslavsky, S. G., Berezovsky, A. A., Belyakov, Yu. M.,et al. Problems of hydrology of the Blacl Sea. In:Complex Oceanographic Investigations of the Black Sea. Kiev: Naukova Dumka (1980), pp. 136–163.
Finenko, Z. Z., and Krupatkina, D. K. Primary production in the Black Sea in the winterspring period.Okeanologiya (1993)33, Issue 1, 94–104.
Hobson, Z. A., Menzel, D. W., and Barber, R. T. Primary productivity and sizes of pools of organic carbon in the mixed layer of the ocean.Mar. Biology (1973)19, 298–306.
Vostokov, S. V. Suspended substances as an indicator of productivity.Okeanologiya (1996)36, No. 2, 260–267.
Sukhanova, I. N., Pogysyan, S. I., and Vshyvtsev, V. S. Time dependence of the structure of populations of mass species of spring blooming. In:Variability of the Ecosystem of the Black Sea: Natural and Anthropogenic Factors. Moscow: Nauka (1991), pp. 117–127.
Finenko, Z. Z. Estimation of the phytoplankton production in the Black Sea according to the data on the amount of chlorophyll.Biol. Morya (1970)19, 75–82.
Georgieva, L. V. Range of species and the dynamics of phytocenosis. In:Plankton of the Black Sea. Kiev: Naukova Dumka (1993), pp. 31–35.
Berseneva, G. P., and Pokotilov, S. L. Distributions of chlorophyll and the biomass of phytoplankton in the coastal and open regions of the Black Sea in summer. In:Diagnostics of the State of Environments in the Coastal and Shelf Zones of the Black Sea. Sevastopol: MHI (1996), pp. 245–253.
Krivenko, O. V. Role of biotic circulation of nitrogen in the formation of the chemical structure of waters in the coastal and open regions of the Black Sea. In:Complex Ecological Investigations of the Black sea. Sevastopol: MHI (1995), pp. 121–134.
Makarova, N. P., Churilova, T. Ya., and Zhorov, S. V. Chlorophylla and the products of its destruction in sea plankton. Northwest part of the sea (autumn 1993). In:Dynamics of Waters and Productivity of Plankton in the Black Sea. Moscow: IO AN SSSR, KOTs “World Ocean” (1988), pp. 272–281.
Vostokov, S. V., and Korzhikova, L. I. Specific features of the vertical distribution of suspended organic substances in the epipelagic zone of the Black Sea (May–June 1986). In:Structure and Production Characteristics of the Plankton Communities in the Black Sea. Moscow: Nauka (1989), pp. 246–255.
Lyutsarev, S. V., and Shanin, S. S. Specific features of the distribution of suspended organic carbon in the water column of the Black Sea.Okeanologiya (1996)36, No. 4, 538–542.
Georgieva, L. V. Variations of phytoplankton from the shelf to the abyssal zone in the west part of the Black Sea. In:Investigations of the Shelf Zone in the Azov-Black-Sea Basin. Sevastopol: MHI (1995), pp. 71–76.
Stel'makh, L. V., Ivanov, A. V., and Georgieva, L. V. Primary production and phytoplankton of the Black Sea in spring. In:Diagnostics of the State of Environments in the Coastal and Shelf Zones of the Black Sea. Sevastopol: MNI (1996), pp. 67–74.
Senichkina, L. G., Bocharova, R. K., and Manzhos, L. A. Phytoplankton of the abyssal zone of the Black Sea in June 1985. In:Contemporary Problems of the Oceanology of the Black Sea. Sevastopol: MHI (1986) Part 1, pp. 74–82. (Deposited at VINITI on 06.03.86, No. 1579-13).