Differential expression of candidate genes for lignin biosynthesis under drought stress in maize leaves
Tóm tắt
In order to provide information for the development of molecular selection markers for drought tolerance improvement, the methods of prometric analysis, quantitative real-time PCR and field evaluation were employed for the identification of the differential expression of candidate genes under drought stress in maize. At seventeen, twenty-four and forty-eight hours of polyethylene glycol-simulated drought stress at the seventh leaf stage, leaf samples were collected from two drought-tolerant inbred lines for prometric analysis by two-dimensional electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprinting. Fifty-eight proteins out of more than 500 were found in response to drought stress. Three drought-induced spots 2506, 3507 and 4506 showed sequence similarity with cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, cytochrome protein 96A8 and S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthase, respectively. The expression of two key enzymes to lignin biosynthesis was quantified by quantitative real-time PCR among three drought-tolerant and one drought-sensitive inbred lines under drought stress and well-watered control conditions. After a decrease at the beginning of drought stress, the expression of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase and caffeateO-methyltransferase recovered at twenty-four hours of the drought stress in the three drought-tolerant lines, but not in the drought-sensitive lines. Leaf lignin content, anthesis-silking interval and grain weight per plant were investigated with six inbred lines of varying drought tolerance under drought stress and well-watered control. Drought tolerance coefficients of these three characters were calculated and the correlation coefficients among these drought tolerance coefficients were estimated. Significant difference in leaf lignin content was found among the inbred lines and in response to drought stress. Close correlations were observed between the drought tolerant coefficients for leaf lignin content and grain weight per plant, and between the drought tolerant coefficients for leaf lignin content and anthesis-silking interval. These results indicate that leaf lignin content is a useful index for evaluation of drought tolerance in maize. Molecular selection markers can be developed on the basis of differential expression of the candidate genes and applied to maize improvement for drought tolerance.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Bartels D, Nelson DE, 1994. Approaches to improve stress tolerance using molecular genetics. Plant Cell Environ 17: 659–667.
Bohnert HJ, Nelson DE, Jensen RG, 1995. Adaptation to environmental stresses. Plant Cell 7: 1099–1111.
Bolanos J, Edmeades GO, 1996. The importance of the anthesis-silking interval in breeding for drought tolerance in tropical maize. Field Crop Res 48: 65–80.
Bolwell GP, Bozak K, Zimmerlin A, 1994. Plant cytochrome P450. Phytochem 37: 1491–1506.
Bradford MM, 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72: 248–254.
Bray EA, 1997. Plant responses to water deficit. Trend Plant Sci 2: 48–54.
Bruce WB, Edmeades GO, Barker TC, 2002. Molecular and physiological approaches to maize improvement for drought tolerance. J Exp Bot 53: 13–25.
Bugos RC, Chiang VL, Campbell WH, 1991. cDNA cloning, sequence analysis and seasonal expression of lignin-bispecific caffeic acid/5-hydroxyferulic acid O-methyl-transferase of aspen. Plant Mol Biol 17: 1203–1215.
Cruz RT, Jordan WR, Drew MC, 1992. Structural changes and associated reduction of hydraulic conductance in roots ofSorghum bicolor L. following exposure to water deficit. Plant Physiol 99: 203–212.
Dence CW, Lin SY, 1992. Methods in lignin chemistry. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
Dooner HK, He L, 2008. Maize genome structure variation: interplay between retrotransposon polymorphisms and genic recombination. Plant Cell 20: 249–258.
Edmeades GO, Bolanos J, Hernandez M, 1993. Causes for silk delay in a lowland tropical maize population. Crop Sci 33: 1029–1035.
Edwards R, 1996. Determination of S-adenosyl-L-methionine and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine in plants. Phytochem Anal 6: 25–30.
Espartero J, Pintor-Toro JA, Pardo JM, 1994. Differential accumulation of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase transcripts in response to salt stress. Plant Mol Biol 25: 217–227.
Feldmann KA, 2001. Cytochrome P450s as genes for crop improvement. Curr Opin Plant Biol 4: 162–167.
Fu F-L, Feng Z-L, Gao S-B, Zhou S-F, Li W-C. 2008. Evaluation and quantitative inheritance of several drought-relative traits in maize. Agri Sci China, 7: 280–290.
Grand C, 1984. Ferulic acid 5-hydroxylase: a new cytochrome P450-dependent enzyme from higher plant microsomes involved in lignin synthesis. FEBS Lett 169: 7–11.
Hajheidari M, Abdollahian NM, Askari H, 2005. Proteome analysis of sugar beet leaves under drought stress. Proteomics 5: 950–960.
Halpin C, Holt K, Chojecki J, Oliver D, Chabbert B, Monties B, et al. 1998. Brown-midrib maize (bm1) — a mutation affecting the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases gene. Plant J 14: 545–553.
He R-F, Ding Y, Zhang J-F, Yu J-H, 2000. Improvement in the two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins from the leaves of plant. Yi Chuan (Chinese Hereditas) 22: 319–321. (in Chinese)
Hibino T, Shibata D, Chen JQ, Higuchi T, 1993. Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase fromAralia cordata: cloning of the cDNA and expression of the gene in lignified tissues. Plant Cell Physiol 34: 659–665.
Leng X-F, Qiu X-H, 2001. Cytochrome P450: structures, functions and applications. Beijing: Science Press. (in Chinese)
Li L-G, Popko JL, Zhang X-H, K C-J, CP, VL, 1997. A novel multifunctional O-methyltransferase implicated in a dual methylation pathway associated with lignin biosynthesis in loblolly pine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 5461–5466.
Ludlow MM, Muchow RC, 1990. A critical evaluation of traits for improving crop yields in water-limited environments. Adv Agron 43: 107–153.
Meyer K, Shirley AM, Cusumano JC, Bell-Lelong DA, Chapple C, 1998. Lignin monomer composition is determined by the expression of a cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase inArabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 6619–6623.
Michel BE, Kaufmann MR, 1973. The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000. Plant Physiol 51: 914–916.
Monties B, Fukushima K, 2001. The distribution, function and biosynthesis of lignin. In: Hofrichter M, Steinbuchel A, eds., Biopolymers, V.I. Lignin, Humic Substances and Coal. Weinheim: Wiley.
Nelson DR, 1999. Cytochrome P450 and the individuality of species. Arch Biochem Biophysil 369: 1–10.
Pappin DJ, Hojrup P, Bleasby AJ, 1993. Rapid identification of proteins by peptide-mass fingerprinting. Curr Biol 3: 327–332.
Perez-Molphe-Balch E, Gidekel M, Segura-Nieto M, Herrera-Estrella L, Ochoa-Alejo N, 1996. Effects of water stress on plant growth and root proteins in three cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa) with different levels of drought tolerance. Physiol Plant 96: 284–290.
Quarrie SA, 1996. New molecular tools to improve the efficiency of breeding for increased drought resistance. Plant Growth Regul 20: 167–178.
Riccardi F, Gazeau P, Vienne DD, Zivy M, 1998. Protein Changes in response to progressive water deficit in maize quantitative variation and polypeptide identification. Plant Physiol 117: 1253–1263.
Ruelland E, Campalans A, Selman-Housein G, Puigdomenech P, Rigau J, 2003. Cellular and subcellular localization of the lignin biosynthetic enzymes caffeic acid-O-methyltransferase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase and cinnamoyl-coenzyme A reductase in two monocots, sugarcane and maize. Physiol Plant 117: 93–99.
Salekdeh GH, Siopongco J, Wade LJ, Ghareyazie B, Bennett J, 2002. Proteomic analysis of rice leaves during drought stress and recovery. Proteomics 2: 1131–1145.
Sewalt VJH, Ni W, Jung HG, Dixon RA, 1997. Lignin impact on fiber degradation: increased enzymatic digestibility of genetically engineered tobacco stems reduced in lignin content. J Agri Food Chem 45: 1977–1983.
Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, 1997. Gene expression and signal transduction in water stress response. Plant Physiol 115: 327–334.
Vermerris W, Thompson KJ, McIntyre LM, 2000. The maizeBrown midrib1 locus affects cell wall composition and plant development in a dose-dependent manner. Heredity 88: 450–457.
Vincent D, Lapierre C, Pollet B, Cornic G, Negroni L, Zivy M, 2005. Water deficits affect caffeate O-methyltransferase, lignification, and related enzymes in maize leaves. A proteomic investigation. Plant Physiol 137: 949–960.
Werck-Reichhart D, 1995. Cytochrome P450 in the phenylpropanoid metabolism. Drug Metabol Drug Interact 12: 221–243.
Yamada Y, Kuboi T, 1976. Significance of caffeic acid-O-methyltransferase in lignification of cultured tobacco cells. Phytochem 15: 395–396.