Pediatric intraosseous infusions: Impact on vascular access time

1986, Standards and guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiac care (ECC). Part II: Pediatric advanced life support, JAMA, 255, 2961 Kanter, 1986, Pediatric emergency intravenous access: Evaluation of a protocol, Am J Dis Child, 140, 132, 10.1001/archpedi.1986.02140160050030 Torphy, 1984, Cardiorespiratory arrest and resuscitation of children, Am J Dis Child, 138, 1099 Orlowski, 1984, The effectiveness of pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation (editorial), Am J Dis Child, 138, 1097 Tocantins, 1940, Rapid absorption of substances injected into the bone marrow, 45, 292 Tocantins, 1941, Infusions of blood and other fluids via the bone marrow, JAMA, 117, 1229, 10.1001/jama.1941.02820410007002 Macht, 1943, Studies on intraosseous injection of epinephrine, Am J Physiol, 138, 269, 10.1152/ajplegacy.1943.138.2.269 Berg, 1984, Emergency infusion of catecholamines into bone marrow, Am J Dis Child, 138, 810 Glaeser, 1986, Emergency intraosseous infusions in children, Am J Emerg Med, 4, 34, 10.1016/0735-6757(86)90248-2 Spivey, 1985, Comparison of intraosseous, central and peripheral routes of sodium bicarbonate administration during CPR in pigs, Ann Emerg Med, 14, 1135, 10.1016/S0196-0644(85)81015-5 Shoor, 1979, Intraosseous infusions: Pressure-flow relationship and pharmacokinetics, J Trauma, 19, 772, 10.1097/00005373-197910000-00010 Valdes, 1977, Intraosseous fluid administration in Emergencyes, Lancet, 1, 1235, 10.1016/S0140-6736(77)92441-2 Roberts, 1985 Hughes, 1980, 117 Parrish, 1986, Intraosseous infusionns in the emergency department, Am J Emerg Med, 4, 59, 10.1016/0735-6757(86)90253-6 Rossetti, 1984, Difficulty and delay in intravascular access in pediatric arrests, Ann Emerg Med, 13, 406, 10.1016/S0196-0644(84)80223-1 Lewis, 1983, Outcome of pediatric resuscitation, Ann Emerg Med, 12, 297, 10.1016/S0196-0644(83)80512-5 Eisenberg, 1983, Epidemiology of cardiac arrest and resuscitation in children, Ann Emerg Med, 12, 672, 10.1016/S0196-0644(83)80413-2 1982, Appraisal of pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Can Med Assoc J, 126, 1055 Rossetti, 1985, Intraosseous infusion: An alternative route of pediatric intravascular access, Ann Emerg Med, 14, 885, 10.1016/S0196-0644(85)80639-9