Driving forces for changes in geographical distribution of Ixodes ricinus ticks in Europe

Parasites and Vectors - Tập 6 - Trang 1-11 - 2013
Jolyon M Medlock1, Kayleigh M Hansford1, Antra Bormane2, Marketa Derdakova3,4, Agustín Estrada-Peña5, Jean-Claude George6, Irina Golovljova7, Thomas G T Jaenson8, Jens-Kjeld Jensen9, Per M Jensen10, Maria Kazimirova4, José A Oteo11, Anna Papa12, Kurt Pfister13, Olivier Plantard14, Sarah E Randolph15, Annapaola Rizzoli16, Maria Margarida Santos-Silva17, Hein Sprong18, Laurence Vial19, Guy Hendrickx20, Herve Zeller21, Wim Van Bortel21
1Medical Entomology Group, MRA, Emergency Response Department, Health Protection Agency, Salisbury, UK
2Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Riga, Latvia
3Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia
4Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
5University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
6Rue de la Voie Sacrée, Souilly, France
7Department of Virology, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
8University of Uppsala, Uppsala Sweden
9Nolsoy, Faroe Islands
10University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
11Hospital San Pedro - Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
12Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
13Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
14Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'Alimentation, Nantes, France
15University Of Oxford, Oxford, UK
16Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
17Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, CEVDI, Lisboa, Portugal
18National Institute of Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
19CIRAD, Montpellier, France
20Avia-GIS, Zoersel, Belgium
21European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden

Tóm tắt

Many factors are involved in determining the latitudinal and altitudinal spread of the important tick vector Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Europe, as well as in changes in the distribution within its prior endemic zones. This paper builds on published literature and unpublished expert opinion from the VBORNET network with the aim of reviewing the evidence for these changes in Europe and discusses the many climatic, ecological, landscape and anthropogenic drivers. These can be divided into those directly related to climatic change, contributing to an expansion in the tick’s geographic range at extremes of altitude in central Europe, and at extremes of latitude in Scandinavia; those related to changes in the distribution of tick hosts, particularly roe deer and other cervids; other ecological changes such as habitat connectivity and changes in land management; and finally, anthropogenically induced changes. These factors are strongly interlinked and often not well quantified. Although a change in climate plays an important role in certain geographic regions, for much of Europe it is non-climatic factors that are becoming increasingly important. How we manage habitats on a landscape scale, and the changes in the distribution and abundance of tick hosts are important considerations during our assessment and management of the public health risks associated with ticks and tick-borne disease issues in 21st century Europe. Better understanding and mapping of the spread of I. ricinus (and changes in its abundance) is, however, essential to assess the risk of the spread of infections transmitted by this vector species. Enhanced tick surveillance with harmonized approaches for comparison of data enabling the follow-up of trends at EU level will improve the messages on risk related to tick-borne diseases to policy makers, other stake holders and to the general public.

Tài liệu tham khảo

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