Cell death, calcium mobilization, and immunostaining for phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2-α (eIF2α) in neuronally differentiated NB-104 cells: arachidonate and radical-mediated injury mechanisms

Abe, 1987, Mechanism of arachidonic acid liberation during ischemia in gerbil cerebral cortex, J Neurochem, 48, 503, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1987.tb04121.x Drenth, 1976, Structure of porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2, Nature, 264, 373, 10.1038/264373a0 Moskowitz, 1984, Regulation of endogenous calcium-dependent synaptic membrane phospholipase A2, Brain Res, 290, 273, 10.1016/0006-8993(84)90944-2 Bazan, 1970, Effects of ischemia and electroconvulsive shock on free fatty acid pools in the brain, Biochim Biophys Acta, 218, 1, 10.1016/0005-2760(70)90086-X Yoshida, 1980, Effect of transient ischemia on free fatty acids and phospholipids in the gerbil brain, J Neurosurg, 53, 323, 10.3171/jns.1980.53.3.0323 Rehncrona, 1982, Brain cortical fatty acids and phospholipids during and following complete and severe incomplete ischemia, J Neurochem, 38, 84, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1982.tb10857.x Yasuda, 1985, Biphasic liberation of arachidonic and stearic acids during cerebral ischemia, J Neurochem, 45, 168, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1985.tb05489.x Katsuki, 1995, Arachidonic acid as a neurotoxic and neurotrophic substance, Prog Neurobiol, 46, 607, 10.1016/0301-0082(95)00016-O Umemura, 1990, Regional difference in free fatty acids release and the action of phospholipase during ischemia in rat brain, No To Shinkei, 42, 979 Abe, 1989, Arachidonic acid metabolism in ischemic neuronal damage, Ann NY Acad Sci, 559, 259, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb22614.x Bakhle, 1983, Synthesis and catabolism of cyclo-oxygenase products, Br Med Bull, 39, 214, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071821 Thomas, 1985, Ferritin and superoxide dependent lipid peroxidation, J Biol Chem, 260, 3275, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)83617-7 Krause, 1987, Natural course of iron delocalization and lipid peroxidation following a 15 minute cardiac arrest in dogs, Ann Emerg Med, 16, 1200, 10.1016/S0196-0644(87)80224-X White, 1993, Fluorescent histochemical localization of lipid peroxidation during brain reperfusion, Acta Neuropathol (Berlin), 86, 1, 10.1007/BF00454891 Soliven, 1993, Arachidonic acid and its metabolite increase Cai in cultured rat oligodendrocytes, Am J Physiol, 264, C632, 10.1152/ajpcell.1993.264.3.C632 Fleming, 1995, Arachidonic acid stimulates intracellular calcium mobilization and regulates protein synthesis, ATP levels, and mucin secretion in submandibular gland cells, J Dent Res, 74, 1295, 10.1177/00220345950740060901 Rotman, 1992, Inhibition of protein synthesis in intact mamallian cells by arachidonic acid, Biochem J, 282, 487, 10.1042/bj2820487 DeGracia, 1996, Global brain ischemia and reperfusion: Modifications in eukaryotic initiation factors are associated with inhibition of translation initiation, J Neurochem, 67, 2005, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.67052005.x DeGracia, 1997, Effect of brain ischemia and reperfusion on the localization of phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α, J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 17, 1291, 10.1097/00004647-199712000-00004 Rowlands, 1988, The catlytic mechanism of guanine nucleotide exchange factor action and competitive inhibition by phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2, J Biol Chem, 263, 5526, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)60596-4 Merrick, 1992, Mechanism and regulation of eukaryotic protein synthesis, Microbiol Rev, 56, 291, 10.1128/MR.56.2.291-315.1992 Prostko, 1995, Activation of the double-stranded RNA-regulated protein kinase by depletion of endoplasmic reticulum calcium stores, J Biol Chem, 270, 6211, 10.1074/jbc.270.11.6211 Srivatava, 1995, Calcium deletion from the endoplasmic reticulum activates the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) to inhibit protein synthesis, J Biol Chem, 28, 16619, 10.1074/jbc.270.28.16619 Alcazar, 1997, Calcium mobilization by ryanodine promotes the phosphorylation of initiation factor 2α subunit and inhibits protein synthesis in cultured neurons, J Neurochem, 69, 1703, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69041703.x DeGracia DJ, Adamczyk A, Folbe AJ, Konkkoly LL, Pittman JE, Neumar RW, Sullivan JM, Scheuner DL, Kaufman RJ, White BC, Krause GS. Eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) kinase and phosphatase activity during post-ischemic brain reperfusion. Exp Neurol 1999;155:221–7. Srivastava, 1998, Phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 mediates apoptosis in response to activation of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase, J Biol Chem, 273, 2416, 10.1074/jbc.273.4.2416 Kontoghiorges, 1986, Iron mobilization from ferritin using α-oxohydroxy heteroaromatic chelators, Biochem J, 233, 299, 10.1042/bj2330299 Skjaerlund, 1991, The effect of EMHP on post-cardiac arrest survival of rats, Resuscitation, 22, 139, 10.1016/0300-9572(91)90004-I Shubert, 1974, Clonal cell lines from the rat central nervous system, Nature, 249, 224, 10.1038/249224a0 Reinhart, 1984, Identification of the insulin receptor in undifferentiated and differentiated MNB-15 neuroblastoma cells by affinity labeling, Biochim Biophys ACTA, 802, 515, 10.1016/0304-4165(84)90371-4 Havarankova, 1978, Insulin receptors are widely distributed in the central nervous system in the rat, Nature, 272, 827, 10.1038/272827a0 Rafols, 1995, Global brain ischemia and reperfusion: Golgi apparatus ultrastructure in neurons selectively vulnerable to death, Acta Neuropathol (Berlin), 30, 17, 10.1007/BF00294455 O'Neil, 1996, Ultrastructural consequences of radical damage before and after differentiation of neuroblastoma B-104 cells, Acta Neuropoathol (Berlin), 92, 75, 10.1007/s004010050492 Davies, 1987, Studies on the metal-ion and lipoxygenase-catalyzed breakdown of hydroperoxides using electron-spin-resonance spectroscopy, Biochem J, 245, 167, 10.1042/bj2450167 Gavino, 1981, Effect of poly-unsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants on lipid peroxidation in tissue cultures, J Lipid Res, 22, 763, 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)37347-8 Legrand, 1992, Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity as marker of the number of dead cells in the medium of cultured eukaryotic cells, J Biotechnol, 25, 231, 10.1016/0168-1656(92)90158-6 Koh, 1987, Quantitaive determination of glutamate mediated cortical neuronal injury in cell culture by lactate dehydrogenase efflux assay, J Neurosci Methods, 20, 83, 10.1016/0165-0270(87)90041-0 Decker, 1988, A quick and simple method for the quantitation of lactate dehydrogenase release in measurements of cellular cytotoxicity and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) activity, J Immunol Methods, 15, 61, 10.1016/0022-1759(88)90310-9 Qu, 1994, Isolation and characterization of the Drosophila melanogaster eIF2α gene encoding the alpha subunit of translation initiation factor eIF2, Gene, 140, 239, 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90550-9 Scheper, 1997, Inactivation of eIF-2B and phosphorylation of PHAS-1 in heat-shocked rat hepatoma cells, J Biol Chem, 272, 26850, 10.1074/jbc.272.43.26850 Chan, 1988, Induction of intracellular superoxide radical formation by arachidonic acid and by polyunsaturated fatty acids in primary astrocytic cultures, J Neurochem, 50, 1185, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb10591.x Katsuki, 1995, Antioxidants, but not cAMP or high K+, prevent arachidonate toxicity on neuronal cultures, NeuroReport, 6, 1101, 10.1097/00001756-199505300-00007 Clapham, 1995, Calcium signalling, Cell, 80, 259, 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90408-5 Sharp, 1993, Differential immunohistochemical localization of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate- and ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ release channels in rat brain, J Neurosci, 13, 3051, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-07-03051.1993 Uehara, 1996, Modulaion of ryanodine binding to the cardiac Ca2+ release channel by arachidonic acid, J Mol Cell Cardiol, 18, 43, 10.1006/jmcc.1996.0005 Neumar, 1996, Brain μ-calpain autolysis during global cerebral ischemia, J Neurochem, 66, 42 Saido, 1993, Spatial resolution of fodrin proteolysis in postischemic brain, J Biol Chem, 268, 25239, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)74593-1 Nath, 1997, Thapsigargin induces apoptosis in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and cerebrocortical cultures, Biochem Mol Biol Int, 43, 197 Wei, 1996, Dantrolene is cytoprotective in two models of neuronal cell death, J Neurochem, 67, 2390, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.67062390.x Clemens, 1996, Protein kinases that phosphorylate eIF2 and eIF2B, and their role in eukaryotic cell translational control, 139 Santoyo, 1997, Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding a protein synthesis initiation factor-2α (eIF-2α) kinase from Drosophila melanogaster, J Biol Chem, 272, 12544, 10.1074/jbc.272.19.12544 Pal, 1991, Tissue distribution of heme-regulated eIF-2α kinase determined by monoclonal antibodies, Biochemistry, 30, 2555, 10.1021/bi00223a037 Mellor, 1994, Cloning and characterization of cDNA encoding rat hemin-sensitive initiation factor-2α (eIF-2α) kinase, J Biol Chem, 269, 10201, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)34044-9 Babu, 1996, Type 1 phosphatase inhibitors reduce the restoration of guanine nucleotide exchange activity of eukaryotic initiation factor 2B inhibited reticulocytes rescued by hemin, Arch Biochem Biophys, 327, 201, 10.1006/abbi.1996.0110 Ernst, 1982, Effects of skeletal muscle protein phosphatase inhibitor-2 on protein synthesis and protein phosphorylation in rabbit reticulocyte lysates, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 79, 7092, 10.1073/pnas.79.23.7092 Datta, 1988, Roles of a 67-kDa polypeptide in reversal of protein synthesis inhibition in heme-deficient reticulocyte lysate, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 85, 3324, 10.1073/pnas.85.10.3324 Ray, 1992, The eukaryotic initiation factor2-associated 67-kDa polypeptide (p67) plays a critical role in regulation of protein synthesis initiation in animal cells, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 89, 539, 10.1073/pnas.89.2.539 Chakraborty, 1994, Regulation of eIF-2 α-subunit phosphorylation in reticulocyte lysate, Biochemistry, 33, 6700, 10.1021/bi00187a041 Rehemtulla, 1996, A eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-associated 67 kDa glycoprotein partially reverses protein synthesis inhibition by activated double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase in intact cells, Biochemistry, 35, 8275, 10.1021/bi953028+ Bose, 1997, Viral infection I: Regulation of protein synthesis during vaccinia viral infection of animal cells, Arch Biochem Biophys, 342, 362, 10.1006/abbi.1997.0138 Saha, 1997, Viral infection II: Hemin induces overexpression of p67 as it partially prevents appearance of an active p67-deglycosylase in baculovirus-infected insect cells, Arch Biochem Biophys, 342, 373, 10.1006/abbi.1997.0139 Dever, 1995, Modulation of tRNAiMet, eIF2, and eIF2B expression shows that GCN4 translation is inversely coupled to the levels of eIF2-GTP-Met-tRNAiMet ternary complexes, Mol Cell Biol, 15, 6351, 10.1128/MCB.15.11.6351