Measurements of Nitrate Leaching from a Hillslope Cropland in the Central Sichuan Basin, China

Soil Science Society of America Journal - Tập 73 Số 4 - Trang 1419-1426 - 2009
Bo Zhu1, Tao Wang1, Fuhong Kuang1, Zhuanxi Luo1, Jialiang Tang1, XU Tai-ping1
1Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China

Tóm tắt

Nitrate losses through leaching were studied in a crop field in the central Sichuan Basin, southwestern China, during 2003 to 2006. Nitrate accumulations and losses via leaching were measured using two methods: a simulation with sampled soil profiles and field monitoring in situ at a 7% slope. The results showed that NO3 was accumulated in the dry season and leached in the rainy season. No spatial dependence of soil NO3 distribution could be distinguished along the hillslope due to complex water flow. The soil interflow was the major driver of NO3 leaching losses from the experimental plots. The average annual discharge of the interflows was 148 mm, accounting for 63% of total runoff in the rainy season in 2003 to 2006. The interflow water contained high NO3–N concentrations. The highest NO3–N concentration and loss flux were detected in storm runoff after a long drought in 2006. The NO3–N leaching through interflow showed clear annual and seasonal patterns, and largely occurred in the stages from stamen elongation to maturity of maize (Zea mays L.) with a flux of 2.2 g m−2, about 69% of the total annual loss flux. Annual estimated losses of NO3–N through interflow ranged from 20 to 53, with an average of 36 kg ha−1 yr−1 This study indicates that croplands on hillslopes with regosols are vulnerable to NO3 leaching. The interflow discharge monitoring method together with effluent NO3 content analysis used in this study proved to be useful and effective for quantifying NO3 leaching losses at the field scale in hillslope areas.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400040023x

Andraski T.W., 2000, Crop management and corn nitrogen rate effects on nitrate leaching, J. Environ. Qual., 27, 1027

10.1038/nature03370

10.1016/0167-8809(94)00524-I

10.1111/j.1475-2743.2002.tb00045.x

10.2136/sssaj1989.03615995005300020029x

10.2136/sssaj2000.642517x

10.1023/A:1021471531188

Fan J., 2005, Nitrate accumulation and distribution in soil profiles in ecosystems on upland of Loess Plateau. (In Chinese.), Plant Nutr. Fert. Sci., 11, 8

10.1006/rtph.1996.0006

Fu T., 2003, Research on the nutrient loss from purple soil under different rainfall intensities and slopes. (In Chinese.), Plant Nutr. Fert. Sci., 9, 71

Galloway J.N., 2004, A preliminary assessment of “Changes in the global nitrogen cycle as a result of anthropogenic influences”

Gong Z.T., 1999, Chinese soil taxonomy

10.1111/j.1475-2743.2000.tb00203.x

10.1016/S0167-8809(00)00154-7

Hu C.S., 2002, Leaching loss of NO3 −–N in farmland ecosystem of piedmont plain of Mt. Taihang. (In Chinese.), Acta Pedol. Sin., 39, 264

Huang L., 1998, Study on nutrient losses of purple soil in Three Gorges Reservoir region. (In Chinese.), Chin. J. Soil Water Conserv., 4, 8

Huang M.X., 2002, Nitrate leaching from a winter wheat/summer maize rotation in Beijing area. (In Chinese.), Geogr. Res., 21, 425

10.2134/jeq2004.0338

10.2134/jeq1994.00472425002300020018x

Jia H.Y., 2006, Nitrate‐N loss effected by the runoff process in purple soil: A simulation study. (In Chinese.), Acta Sci. Circumstantiae, 26, 1658

Kirkby M.J., 1978, Hillslope hydrology

10.1016/j.agee.2004.07.008

Li Z.M., 1991, Purple soil in China (A)

Lu R.K., 1999, Soil agro‐chemical analysis methods

10.1016/0022-1694(95)02751-A

10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600040018x

Mason C.F., 2002, Biology of freshwater pollution

10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00559-5

Moffatt A.S., 1998, Global nitrogen overload problem grows critical, Science, 279, 988, 10.1126/science.279.5353.988

10.1023/A:1019993510737

10.1016/j.watres.2008.07.020

10.2136/sssaj1969.03615995003300020027x

10.1016/0167-8809(96)01018-3

10.1016/j.agee.2006.08.017

10.1016/S0269-7491(03)00081-2

10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00398-0

10.1023/A:1009712916767

Sun B., 2003, Influencing factors of leaching nutrients in red soils. (In Chinese.), J. Agro‐environ. Sci., 22, 257

Toth J.D., 1998, Nitrate losses from a corn–alfalfa rotation: Lysimeter measurement of nitrate leaching, J. Environ. Qual., 19, 243

10.1016/j.agee.2005.07.009

Vitousek P.M., 1997, Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: Causes and consequences, Issues Ecol., 1, 1

Wang J.Y., 1996, Study on the nitrogen leaching in rice fields. (In Chinese.), Acta Pedol. Sin., 33, 28

Wang T., 2006, Nitrate pollution of groundwater in a typical small watershed in the central Sichuan hilly region. (In Chinese.), J. Ecol. Rural Environ., 22, 84

10.2134/jeq2007.0218

10.1007/978-94-009-1626-5_2

10.1111/j.1365-2389.1972.tb01663.x

10.4324/9780203478073

World Health Organization, 2004, Guidelines for drinking water quality

Xie X.Q., 1998, Water environment observation and analysis: Standard methods for observation and analysis in Chinese Ecosystem Research Network

Xiong Y., 1986, Soils in China

Xu F., 2002, Characteristics of erosion control by contour hedgerows on cultivated slope land of purple soil. (In Chinese.), Acta Pedol. Sin., 39, 71

Xu T.P., 2006, Effects of balanced fertilization on phosphorus loss by runoff from slope cropland in purple soils. (In Chinese.), J. Agro‐Environ. Sci., 25, 1055

10.1016/j.agee.2005.02.026

Zhang Q.Z., 2002, Advances in studies on accumulation and leaching of nitrate in farming soil. (In Chinese.), Chin. J. Appl. Ecol., 13, 233

Zhang X.C., 2000, The interacting models and mechanisms of soil nitrogen with rainfall and runoff. (In Chinese.), Prog. Geogr., 19, 128

Zhong X.H., 2000, Montology outline and mountain research in China

Zhu B., 2006, Nitrogen balance of agro‐ecosystem in a typical watershed in the hilly area of central Sichuan Basin. (In Chinese.), Chin. J. Eco‐Agric., 14, 108

Zhu B., 2008, Characteristics of nitrate leaching from sloping cropland of purple soil. (In Chinese.), Acta Sci. Circumstantiae, 28, 525

Zhu B., 2006, Non‐point‐source nitrogen movement and its environmental effects in a small watershed in hilly area of purple soil. (In Chinese.), J. Mountain Sci., 24, 601

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Soil Science Society of America Journal

Tập 73 Số 4

1419-1426

Thông tin tác giả