Quantitative calculations of temporomandibular joint reaction forces—I. The importance of the magnitude of the jaw muscle forces

Ahlgren, 1973, Muscle activity in normal and postnormal occlusion, Am. J. Orthod., 64, 445, 10.1016/0002-9416(73)90258-3

Barbenel, 1972, The biomechanics of the temporomandibular joint: a theoretical study, J. Biomechanics, 5, 251, 10.1016/0021-9290(72)90039-5

Barbenel, 1974, The mechanics of the temporomandibular joint: a theoretical and electromyographic study, J. Oral Rehab., 1, 19, 10.1111/j.1365-2842.1974.tb01262.x

Bock, 1968, Mechanics of one- and two-joint muscles, Am. Mus. Novit., 2319, 1

Bramble, 1978, Origin of the mammalian feeding complex: models and mechanisms, Paleobiology, 4, 271, 10.1017/S009483730000600X

Brehnan, 1981, Direct measurements of loads at the temporomandibular joint in Macaca arctoides, J. Dent. Res., 60, 1820, 10.1177/00220345810600101501

Broadbent, 1976, 1

Carlsöö, 1952, Nervous coordination and mechanical function of the mandibular elevators, Acta odont. scand., 10, 1

Craddock, 1951, A review of Costen's syndrome, Br. dent. J., 91, 199

Gingerich, 1971, Functional significance of mandibular translation in vertebrate jaw mechanics, Postilla, 152, 1

Greaves, 1978, The jaw lever system in ungulates: a new model, J. Zool., Lond., 184, 271, 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1978.tb03282.x

Gysi, 1921, Studies on the leverage problem of the mandible, Dent. Dig., 27, 74

Gysi, 1921, Studies on the leverage problem of the mandible, Dent. Dig, 27, 144

Gysi, 1921, Studies on the leverage problem of the mandible, Dent. Dig, 27, 201

Hekneby, 1974, The load of the temporomandibular joint: physical calculations and analysis, J. prosth. Dent., 31, 303, 10.1016/0022-3913(74)90201-7

Herring, 1979, Functional heterogeneity in a multipennate muscle, Am. J. Anat., 154, 563, 10.1002/aja.1001540410

Hohl, 1982, Measurement of condylar loading forces by instrumented prosthesis in the baboon, J. Max.-Fac. Surg., 10, 1, 10.1016/S0301-0503(82)80003-9

Hylander, 1975, The human mandible, lever or link?, Am. J. phys. Anthropol., 43, 227, 10.1002/ajpa.1330430209

Hylander, 1978, Incisal bite force direction in humans and the functional significance of mammalian mandibular translation, Am. J. phys. Anthropol., 48, 1, 10.1002/ajpa.1330480102

Hylander, 1979, An experimental analysis of temporomandibular joint reaction force in macaques, Am. J. phys. Anthropol., 51, 433, 10.1002/ajpa.1330510317

Ingervall, 1979, Changes in activity of the temporal and masseter and lip muscles after surgical correction of mandibular prognathism, Int. J. Oral Surg, 8, 290, 10.1016/S0300-9785(79)80051-4

Inman, 1952, Relation of human electromyogram to muscular tension, Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol., 4, 187, 10.1016/0013-4694(52)90008-4

Lippold, 1952, The relation between integrated action potentials in a human muscle and its isometric tension, J. Physiol., 177, 492, 10.1113/jphysiol.1952.sp004763

Mainland, 1934, Forces exerted on the human mandible by the muscles of mastication, J. Dent. Res., 14, 107, 10.1177/00220345340140020101

Mansour, 1975, In vivo occlusal forces and moments: I. Forces measured in terminal hinge position and associated movements, J. Dent. Res., 54, 114, 10.1177/00220345750540010401

Page, 1954, Temporomandibular joint physiology and jaw surgery, Dent. Dig., 60, 54

Pancherz, 1980, Temporal and masseter muscle activity in children and adults with normal occlusion. An electromyographic investigation, Acta odont. scand., 38, 343, 10.3109/00016358009033603

Pancherz, 1980, Activity of the temporal and masseter muscles in class II, Division I malocclusions. An electromyographic study, Am. J. Orthod., 77, 679, 10.1016/0002-9416(80)90159-1

Prium, 1978, Jaw muscle EMG-activity and static loading of the mandible, J. Biomechanics, 11, 389, 10.1016/0021-9290(78)90073-8

Pruim, 1980, Forces acting on the mandible during bilateral static bites at different bite force levels, J. Biomechanics, 13, 755, 10.1016/0021-9290(80)90237-7

Roberts, 1974, The etiology of the temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome, Am. J. Orthod., 66, 498, 10.1016/0002-9416(74)90111-0

Roberts, 1974, Skull form and the mechanics of mandibular evolution in mammals, Am. Mus. Novit., 2536, 1

Robinson, 1946, Theory of reflex controlled non-lever action of the mandible, J. Am. Dent. Ass., 33, 1261

Roydhouse, 1955, The temporomandibular joint: upward force of the condyles on the cranium, J. Am. Dent. Ass., 50, 166, 10.14219/jada.archive.1955.0043

Schumacher, 1961, 1

Smith, 1978, Mandibular biomechanics and temporomandibular joint function in primates, Am. J. phys. Anthropol., 49, 341, 10.1002/ajpa.1330490307

Throckmorton, 1985, Quantitative calculations of temporomandibular joint reaction forces—II. The importance of the direction of the jaw muscle forces, J. Biomechanics, 18, 453, 10.1016/0021-9290(85)90280-5

Throckmorton, 1980, Biomechanics of differences in lower facial height, Am. J. Orthod., 77, 410, 10.1016/0002-9416(80)90106-2

Walker, 1978, Functional anatomy of oral tissues, 277

Weijs, 1980, Biomechanical models of the analysis of form: a study of the mammalian masticatory apparatus, Am. Zool., 20, 707, 10.1093/icb/20.4.707

Weijs, 1984, Relationship between the physiological cross-section of the human jaw muscles and their cross-sectional area in computer tomograms, Acta Anat., 118, 129, 10.1159/000145832

Wilson, 1920, The anatomy and physics of the temporomandibular joint, J. natn. dent. Ass., 8, 414, 10.14219/jada.archive.1920.0080