Heat balance and regime shifts of the mixed layer in the Kuroshio Extension

da Silva, A., Young, A.C., & Levitus, S. (1994). Algorithms and procedures. In Atlas of surface marine data NOAA ATLAS NESDIS, 6, vol. 1, Washington, DC: US Department of Commerce. Davis, 1981, Variability in the upper ocean during MILE. Part II: modeling the mixed layer response, Deep-Sea Research, 28, 1453, 10.1016/0198-0149(81)90092-3 Deardorff, 1969, Laboratory investigation of non-steady penetrative convection, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 35, 7, 10.1017/S0022112069000942 Kachi, 1997, Decadal variations of the global atmosphere–ocean system, Journal of Meteorological Society of Japan, 75, 657, 10.2151/jmsj1965.75.3_657 Kraus, 1967, A one-dimensional model of the seasonal thermocline: II. The general theory and its consequences, Tellus, 19, 98, 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1967.tb01462.x Jerlov, N. G. (1968). Optical oceanography. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 194 pp. Lamb, 1984, On the mixed-layer climatology of the north and tropical Atlantic, Tellus, 36A, 292 Latif, 1994, Causes of decadal climate variability over the North Pacific and North America, Science, 266, 634, 10.1126/science.266.5185.634 Latif, 1996, Decadal climate variability over the North Pacific and North America: dynamics and predictability, Journal of Climate, 9, 2407, 10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<2407:DCVOTN>2.0.CO;2 Miller, 1994, Interdecadal variability of the Pacific Ocean: model response to observed heat flux and wind stress anomalies, Climate Dynamics, 9, 287, 10.1007/BF00204744 Minobe, 1997, A 50–70 year climatic oscillation over the North Pacific and North America, Geophysical Research Letters, 24, 683, 10.1029/97GL00504 Nakamura, 1997, Decadal climate variability in the North Pacific during the recent decades, Bulletin of American Meteorological Society, 78, 2215, 10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<2215:DCVITN>2.0.CO;2 Noto, 1999, Population decline of the Japanese sardine in relation to sea surface temperature in the Kuroshio Extension, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 56, 973, 10.1139/f99-028 Paulson, 1977, Irradiative measurements in the upper ocean, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 7, 952, 10.1175/1520-0485(1977)007<0952:IMITUO>2.0.CO;2 Polovina, 1995, Decadal and basin-scale variation in mixed layer depth and the impact on biological production in the Central and Northern Pacific, Deep-Sea Research, 42, 1701, 10.1016/0967-0637(95)00075-H Talley, 1984, Meridional heat transport in the Pacific Ocean, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 14, 231, 10.1175/1520-0485(1984)014<0231:MHTITP>2.0.CO;2 Trenberth, 1990, Recent observed interdecadal climate changes in the Northern Hemisphere, Bulletin of American Meteorological Society, 71, 988, 10.1175/1520-0477(1990)071<0988:ROICCI>2.0.CO;2 Qiu, 1995, Ventilation of the North Atlantic and North Pacific: subduction versus obduction, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 25, 2374, 10.1175/1520-0485(1995)025<2374:VOTNAA>2.0.CO;2 Qiu, 1993, Upper-ocean heat balance in the Kuroshio Extension region, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 23, 2027, 10.1175/1520-0485(1993)023<2027:UOHBIT>2.0.CO;2 Watanabe, 1998, Relative impacts of snow and sea surface temperature anomalies on an extreme phase in the winter atmospheric circulation, Journal of Climate, 11, 2837, 10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<2837:RIOSAS>2.0.CO;2 Weare, 1989, Uncertainties in estimates of surface heat fluxes derived from marine reports over the tropical and subtropical oceans, Tellus, 41A, 357, 10.1111/j.1600-0870.1989.tb00388.x White, 1995, Design of a global observing system for gyre-scale upper ocean temperature variability, Progress in Oceanography, 36, 169, 10.1016/0079-6611(95)00017-8 Yasuda, 1997, Decadal changes in the mode waters in the midlatitude North Pacific, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 27, 858, 10.1175/1520-0485(1997)027<0858:DCITMW>2.0.CO;2