Sự thu hẹp nhanh chóng của các dòng băng ở khu vực núi Qilian giữa tại Tây Bắc Trung Quốc trong vòng ∼50 năm qua

Puyu Wang1, Zhongqin Li1,2, Wenyu Gao3
1State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences/Tien Shan Glaciological Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
2College of Geography and Environment Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
3College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China

Tóm tắt

Trong vòng năm thập kỷ qua, sự biến động của các dòng băng đã được phục hồi từ tài liệu lịch sử, hình ảnh hàng không, và dữ liệu viễn thám. Từ năm 1956 đến năm 2003, 910 dòng băng được nghiên cứu đã giảm diện tích 21,7% so với giá trị năm 1956, với mức giảm trung bình cho từng dòng băng là 0,10 km2. Mức giảm diện tích tương đối của các dòng băng nhỏ thường cao hơn so với các dòng băng lớn, vốn cho thấy tổn thất tuyệt đối lớn hơn, cho thấy rằng các dòng băng nhỏ nhạy cảm hơn với biến đổi khí hậu so với các dòng băng lớn. Trong khoảng thời gian ∼50 năm qua, diện tích dòng băng đã giảm 29,6% trong lưu vực sông Heihe (黑河) và 18,7% trong lưu vực sông Beidahe (北大河), đây là hai khu vực đã được nghiên cứu trong khu vực núi Qilian giữa (祁连). So với các khu vực khác trong khu vực núi Qilian, sự thu hẹp dòng băng đáng kể nhất đã xảy ra tại khu vực núi Qilian giữa, chủ yếu là do nhiệt độ tăng nhanh. Sự khác biệt khu vực trong thay đổi diện tích dòng băng liên quan đến điều kiện khí hậu địa phương, tỷ lệ tương đối của các dòng băng trong các lớp kích thước khác nhau, và các yếu tố khác.

Từ khóa

#dòng băng #biến đổi khí hậu #nhiệt độ #lưu vực sông Heihe #lưu vực sông Beidahe #khu vực núi Qilian

Tài liệu tham khảo

Academia Sinica, 1959. Report of the Investigation of Modern Glaciers in the Qilian Mts., Investigation Team of Ice/Snow Utilization (Special Issue I). Science Press, Beijing (in Chinese) Ageta, Y., Kadota, T., 1992. Predictions of Changes of Glacier Mass Balance in the Nepal Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau: A Case Study of Air Temperature Increase for Three Glaciers. Annals of Glaciology, 16: 89–94 Chen, Y., Zhang, D. Q., Sun, Y. B., et al., 2005. Water Demand Management: A Case Study of the Heihe River Basin in China. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 30(6–7): 408–419 Cia, J. C., Andres, A. J., Sanchez, M. A., et al., 2005. Responses to Climatic Changes since the Little Ice Age on Maladeta Glacier (Central Pyrenees). Geomorphology, 68(3–4): 167–182 Dikich, A. N., Hagg, W., 2004. Climate Driven Changes of Glacier Runoff in the Issyk-Kul Basin, Kyrgystan. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, 39: 75–86 Evans, I. S., 2006. Local Aspect Asymmetry of Mountain Glaciation: A Global Survey of Consistency of Favoured Directions for Glacier Numbers and Altitudes. Geomorphology, 73(1–2): 166–184 Evans, I. S., Cox, N. J., 2010. Climatogenic North-South Asymmetry of Local Glaciers in Spitsbergen and Other Parts of the Arctic. Annals of Glaciology, 51(55): 16–22 Fujita, K., Ageta, Y., Pu, J. C., et al., 2000. Mass Balance of Xiao Dongkemadi Glacier on the Central Tibetan Plateau from 1989 to 1995. Annals of Glaciology, 31: 159–163 Fujita, K., Ageta, Y., 2000. Effect of Summer Accumulation on Glacier Mass Balance on the Tibetan Palteau Revealed by Mass-Balance Model. Jounal of Glaciology, 46: 244–252 Gao, Q. Z., Li, F. X., 1991. Case Study of Rational Development and Utilization of Water Resources in the Heihe River Basin. Gansu Science and Technology Press, Lanzhou. 1–228 (in Chinese) Hagg, W., Braun, L., 2005. The Influence of Glacier Retreat on Water Yield from High Mountain Areas: Comparison of Alps and Central Asian. In: de Jong, C., Collins, D., Ranzi, R., eds., Climate and Hydrology in Mountain Areas. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., West Sussex. 263–275 Hodgkins, R., Fox, A., Nuttall, A. M., 2007. Geometry Change between 1990 and 2003 at Finsterwalderbreen, a Svalbard Surge-Type Glacier, from GPS Profiling. Annals of Glaciology, 46: 131–135 Jia, W. X., He, Y. Q., Li, Z. X., et al., 2008. The Regional Difference and Catastrophe of Climatic Change in Qilian Mt. Region. Acta Geographica Sinica, 63(3): 257–269 (in Chinese with English Abstract) Jin, R., Li, X., Che, T., et al., 2005. Glacier Area Changes in the Pumqu River Basin, Tibetan Plateau, between the 1970s and 2001. Journal of Glaciology, 51(175): 607–610 Jóhannesson, T., Raymond, C., Waddington, E., 1989. Time-Scale for Adjustment of Glaciers to Changes in Mass Balance. Journal of Glaciology, 35(121): 355–369 Kääb, A., 2004. Mountain Glaciers and Permafrost Creep. In: Methodical Research Perspectives from Earth Observation and Geoinformatics Technologies: [Dessertation]. University of Zurich, Zurich. 205 Knight, P. G., 1998. Glaciers. Stanley Thornes Ltd., Cheletenham Lan, Y. C., Ding, Y. J., Kang, E. S., 2004. Variations and Trends of Temperature and Precipitation in the Mountain Drainage Basin of the Heihe River in Recent 50 Years. Plateau Meteorology, 23(5): 723–727 (in Chinese with English Abstract) Lan, Y. C., Ding, Y. J., Liu, J. Q., et al., 2005. Change of Water Resources in Mountainous Area of Heihe River under Global-Warming Scene. Journal of Desert Research, 25(6): 863–868 (in Chinese with English Abstract) Li, B. L., Zhu, A. X., Zhang, Y. C., et al., 2006. Glacier Change over the Past Four Decades in the Middle Chinese Tien Shan. Journal of Glaciology, 52(178): 425–432 Li, D. L., Wei, L., Cai, Y., et al., 2003. The Present Facts and the Future Tendency of the Climate Change in Northwest China. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 25(2): 135–142 (in Chinese with English Abstract) Li, Z. Q., Li, K. M., Wang, L., 2010. Study on Recent Glacier Changes and Their Impact on Water Resources in Xinjiang, North Western China. Quaternary Sciences, 30(1): 96–106 (in Chinese with English Abstract) Li, Z. X., He, Y. Q., Pu, T., et al., 2010. Changes of Climate, Glaciers and Runoff in China’s Monsoonal Temperate Glacier Region during the Last Several Decades. Quaternary International, 218(1-2): 13–28 Liu, C. H., Song, Y. P., Jin, M. X., 1992. Recent Change and Trend Prediction of Glaciers in Qilian Mountain. In: Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology Memoirs 7, Academia Sinica, Lanzhou. 1–9 (in Chinese with English Abstract) Liu, S. Y., Sun, W. X., Shen, Y. P., et al., 2003. Glacier Changes since the Little Ice Age Maximum in the Western Qilian Shan, Northwest China, and Consequences of Glacier Runoff for Water Supply. Journal of Glaciology, 49(164): 117–124 Nesje, A., Dahl, S. O., 2000. Glaciers and Environmental Change. Oxford University Press, New York Oerlemans, J., 1994. Quantifying Global Warming from the Retreat of Glaciers. Science, 264(5156): 243–245 Oerlemans, J., 2005. Extracting a Climate Signal from 169 Glacier Records. Science, 308(5722): 675–677 Paul, F., Kääb, A., Maisch, M., et al., 2002. The New Remote-Sensing-Derived Swiss Glacier Inventory: I. Methods. Annals of Glaciology, 34: 355–361 Paul, F., Kääb, A., Maisch, M., et al., 2004. Rapid Disintegration of Alpine Glaciers Observed with Satellite Data. Geophysical Research Letters, 31(21): L21402 Pu, J. C., Yao, T. D., Duan, K. Q., et al., 2005. Mass Balance of the Qiyi Glacier in the Qilian Mountains: A New Observation. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 27(2): 199–204 (in Chinese with English Abstract) Raup, B., Racoviteanu, A., Jodha, S., et al., 2007a. The GLIMS Geospatial Glacier Database: A New Tool for Studying Glacier Change. Global and Planetary Change, 56(1–2): 101–110 Raup, B., Kääb, A., Kargel, J. S., et al., 2007b. Remote Sensing and GIS Technology in the Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) Project. Computers & Geosciences, 33(1): 104–125 Sakai, A., Fujita, K., Duan, K., et al., 2006. Five Decades of Shrinkage of the July 1st Glacier, Qilian Mountains, China. Journal of Glaciology, 52(176): 11–16 Shangguan, D. H., Liu, S. Y., Ding, Y. J., et al., 2007. Glacier Changes in the West Kunlun Shan from 1970 to 2001 Derived from Landsat TM/ETM Plus and Chinese Glacier Inventory Data. Annals of Glaciology, 46: 204–208 Shangguan, D. H., Liu, S. Y., Ding, Y. J., et al., 2009. Glacier Changes during the Last Forty Years in the Tarim Interior River Basin, Northwest China. Progress in Natural Science, 19(6): 727–732 Shen, Y. P., Liu, S. Y., Wang, L. L., et al., 2001. Fluctuations of Glacier Mass Balance in Watersheds of Qilian Mountains and Their Impact on Water Resources of Hexi Region. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 23(3): 244–250 (in Chinese with English Abstract) Shi, Y. F., 2000. Glaciers and Their Environments in China—The Present, Past and Future. Science Press, Beijing (in Chinese) Shi, Y. F., 2001. Estimation of the Water Resources Affected by Climatic Warming and Glacier Shrinkage before 2050 in West China. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 23(4): 333–341 (in Chinese with English Abstract) Surazakov, A. B., Aizen, V. B., Aizen, E. M., et al., 2007. Glacier Changes in the Siberian Altai Mountains, Ob River Basin, (1952–2006) Estimated with High Resolution Imagery. Environmental Research Letters, 2(4): 045017 Toutin, T., 2002. DEM from Stereo Landsat 7 ETM+ Data over High Relief Areas. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 23(10): 2133–2139 Wang, Z. T., Liu, C. H., You, G. X., et al., 1981. Glacier Inventory of China I (Qilian Mountains). Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Cryopedology, Academia Sinica, Lanzhou (in Chinese) Xie, Z. C., Wu, G. H., Wang, L. L., 1985. Recent Fluctuations of Glaciers in the Qilian Mountains. In: Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology Memoirs 5, Academia Sinica, Lanzhou. 82–90 (in Chinese) Yang, J. P., Ding, Y. J., Chen, R. S., et al., 2003. Causes of Glacier Change in the Source Regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers on the Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Glaciology, 49(167): 539–546 Yang, Z. N., 1991. Glacier Water Resources in China. Gansu Science and Technology Press, Lanzhou. 81–150 (in Chinese) Yao, T. D., Wang, Y. Q., Liu, S. Y., et al., 2004. Recent Glacial Retreat in High Asia in China and Its Impact on Water Resources in Northwest China. Science in China (Series D), 47(12): 1065–1075 Ye, Q. H., Kang, S. C., Chen, F., et al., 2006. Monitoring Glacier Variations on Geladandong Mountain, Central Tibetan Plateau, from 1969 to 2002 Using Remote Sensing and GIS Technologies. Journal of Glaciology, 52(179): 537–545 Zhao, L. Q., 2009. A Study of Glacier Changes and Surface Dust on Lenglongling Glaciers in the Qilian Mountains: [Dissertation]. Lanzhou University, Lanzhou. 1–57 (in Chinese with English Abstract)