Barriers and enablers to geothermal district heating system development in the United States

Energy Policy - Tập 38 Số 2 - Trang 803-813 - 2010
Hildigunnur Thorsteinsson1, Jefferson W. Tester1
1Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Rm. 66-460, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

American Petroleum Institute, 1976–2005. Joint Association Survey on Drilling Costs 1976–2005. Washington, DC.

Augustine, C.A., Tester, J.W., Anderson, B., Petty, S., Livesay, B.J., 2006. A comparison of geothermal with oil and gas well drilling costs. Paper presented at the Geothermal Resources Council Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA, September 10–13.

Bjornsson, 2006

Bloomquist, 1986, A review and analysis of the adequacy of the US legal, institutional and financial framework for geothermal development, Geothermics, 15, 87, 10.1016/0375-6505(86)90031-3

Bloomquist, R.G., 2004. State Regulation of Geothermal District Energy Systems.

Bloomquist, R.G., 2005. Constitutional or Statutory Authority to Engage in Geothermal District Energy Development and Operation.

Bloomquist, R.G., 2005. The evolution of US policy designed to encourage geothermal development provision of access and encouraging project development. Paper presented at the World Geothermal Congress, Antalya, Turkey, April 24–29.

Bloomquist, R.G., Lund, J.W., 2000. Resource development potential-revenue generation potential: only a balanced approach can lead to district energy development. Paper presented at the World Geothermal Congress, Kyushu-Tohoku, Japan, May 28–June 10.

Boyd, T.L., 1996. Collocated resources. Paper presented at the Geothermal Resources Council Annual Meeting, Portland, Oregon, September/October.

Geothermal Resource Leasing and Geothermal Resources Unit Agreements; Final Rule, 43 CFR Parts 3000, 3200, and 3280 CFR, 2007.

Childs, F.W., Sanders, R.D., 1983. Direct use geothermal PON and PRDA projects under DOE-ID administration. Annual Report FY 1982. US Department of Energy, Idaho Falls, Idaho.

Congressional Research Service, 1983. Handbook on Alternative Energy Technical Development and Policy (No. 83-43SPR). Washington, DC.

Energy Information Administration, 2007. Annual Energy Review 2006. Retrieved March 23, 2008, from 〈www.eia.doe.gov〉.

Energy Information Administration, 2008. US Natural Gas Prices. Retrieved March 20, 2008, from 〈www.eia.doe.gov〉.

Energy Policy Act of 2005, 119 Stat. 594, 2005.

Fleischmann, D.J., 2006. What can we do? Meeting the challenges to developing our geothermal resources. Paper presented at the Geothermal Resources Council Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA, September 10–13.

Geo Heat Center, 2008. Geothermal Information and Technology Transfer. Fall 2007 and Spring 2008, from 〈http://geoheat.oit.edu/〉.

Gleason, T.C.J., 1993. Renewable energy for America's cities: advanced communities energy systems. Proposed Research Development and Demonstration Program: Brookhaven National Laboratory.

Green, B.D., Nix, R.G., 2006. Geothermal—the energy under our feet (No. NREL/TP-840-40665): National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

Gunnlaugsson, E., Ragnarsson, Á., Stefánsson, V., 2001. Geothermal energy in Iceland. Paper presented at the International Symposium, Izmir, Turkey, October 4–5.

Haggerty, S., 2007. Geothermal leasing of federal lands under the Energy Policy Act of 2005. Paper presented at the Geothermal Resources Council Annual Meeting—Pre Meeting Workshop: Geothermal Land, Lease and Unit Legal Issues, Sparks, Nevada, September 28–29.

Loftsdottir, 2006

Marcel, R.G., 2007. Technology status of direct geothermal utilization. Paper presented at the European Geothermal Congress, Unterhaching, Germany, May 30–June 1.

Millennium Energy LLC, 2006. Final Report—New Mexico State University Geothermal System Feasibility Study. Golden, Colorado.

National Energy Authority of Iceland, 2007. Energy Statistics in Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

National Energy Authority of Iceland, 2007. Orkutölur. Retrieved April 23, 2007, from 〈http://www.orkutolur.is/mm/frumorka/〉.

Office of the Secretary of the Interior, 2006. Geothermal rules encourage alternative energy development on federal lands [electronic version]. News—US Department of the Interior. Retrieved November 9, 2007.

Rafferty, K., 1992. A century of service: the boise warm springs water district system. Geo-Heat Center Quarterly Bulletin 3 (August).

Rafferty, 1993

Rafferty, K., 2003. The economics of connecting small buildings to geothermal district heating systems. GHC Bulletin (March).

2007

Tester, 2006

US Department of Energy, 2006. GeoPowering the West. Retrieved May 13, 2008, from 〈http://www1.eere.energy.gov/geothermal/gpw/index.html〉.

US Department of Energy, 2007. Federal Register: Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Representative Average Unit Costs of Energy.

US Geological Survey, 2008. National Oil and Gas Assessment. Retrieved April 29, 2008, from 〈http://energy.cr.usgs.gov/oilgas/noga/index.html〉.

Ungemach, 2007

Watkins, K., Kurukulasuriya, S., Mwangi, M.A., Scott, T., Ugaz, C., Carvajal, L., et al., 2008. Human Development Report 2007/2008: fighting climate change: human solidarity in a divided world: United Nations Development Programme.

Williams, C.F., Reed Jr., M.J., S. Peter Galanis, DeAngelo, J., 2007. The USGS National Geothermal Resource Assessment: an update. Paper presented at the Geothermal Resources Council Annual Meeting, Sparks, Nevada, September 30–October 3.

Williams, C.F., Reed, M.J., Mariner, R.H., DeAngelo, J., S. Peter Galanis, 2008. Assessment of moderate- and high-temperature geothermal resources of the United States: US Geological Survey Fact Sheet.